Walter Bedell Smith was a U.S. Army general, diplomat, and administrator who served as chief of staff for U.S. forces in Europe during World War II. Smith began his military career as an enlisted man in the Indiana National Guard (1910–15) and in 1917 was commissioned a second lieutenant of

Red Smith was an American sports columnist whose literary craftsmanship, humorous and iconoclastic approach, and deep knowledge of sports made him one of the United States’ most popular sportswriters. His columns were literate, and he shunned the jargon of the genre. His popularity persisted

Will Smith is an American actor and musician whose charisma and quick wit helped him transition from rap music to a successful career in acting. Smith’s notable films include the blockbusters Bad Boys (1995), Independence Day (1996), and Men in Black (1997). For his work in King Richard (2021), he

Will Smith is an American actor and musician whose charisma and quick wit helped him transition from rap music to a successful career in acting. Smith’s notable films include the blockbusters Bad Boys (1995), Independence Day (1996), and Men in Black (1997). For his work in King Richard (2021), he

Antarctic Peninsula: …on January 30, 1820, when William Smith, a sealer, and Edward Bransfield, of the Royal Navy, sailed through what is now Bransfield Strait and saw the Antarctic Peninsula. Many nations have operated Antarctic Survey stations on the peninsula or adjacent islands.

William Smith was an English engineer and geologist who is best known for his development of the science of stratigraphy. Smith’s great geologic map of England and Wales (1815) set the style for modern geologic maps, and many of the colourful names he applied to the strata are still in use today.

Titanic: U.S. inquiry: William Alden Smith. In all, more than 80 people were interviewed. Notable witnesses included Second Officer Charles Lightoller, the most senior officer to survive. He defended the actions of his superiors, especially Captain Smith’s refusal to decrease the ship’s speed. Many passengers testified to the…

W. Eugene Smith was an American photojournalist noted for his compelling photo-essays, which were characterized by a strong sense of empathy and social conscience. At age 14 Smith began to use photography to aid his aeronautical studies, and within a year he had become a photographer for two local

William Jay Smith was an American lyric poet who was known for his precision and craftsmanship and for his variety of subjects and styles. The son of an army officer, Smith spent much of his early life on a U.S. Army post, a period he recalled in Army Brat: A Memoir (1980; reissued 1991). After

William Robertson Smith was a Scottish Semitic scholar, encyclopaedist, and student of comparative religion and social anthropology. Smith was ordained a minister in 1870 on his appointment as professor of Oriental languages and Old Testament exegesis at the Free Church College of Aberdeen. When

Australian gold rushes: New South Wales: …South Wales in 1847 by William Tipple Smith, a mineralogist who had read Murchison’s predictions. Smith sent his first gold sample, taken from the western slopes of the Blue Mountains near the town of Bathurst to Murchison. Murchison notified the colonial government, which declined to take action. The following year…

W. Wallace Smith was an American religious leader who was president of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from 1958 to 1978. A grandson of Joseph Smith, founder of Mormonism, and a son of Joseph Smith, first president of the Reorganized Church, he graduated from the

jazz: Variations on a theme: jazz elsewhere in the United States: Johnson, Abba Labba, and Willie “The Lion” Smith.

virus: In 1933 the British investigators Wilson Smith, Christopher H. Andrewes, and Patrick P. Laidlaw were able to transmit influenza to ferrets, and the influenza virus was subsequently adapted to mice. In 1941 the American scientist George K. Hirst found that influenza virus grown in tissues of the chicken embryo could…

Winston Smith, fictional character, the protagonist of George Orwell’s cautionary novel Nineteen Eighty-four (1949). A minor bureaucrat in the civil service, Winston Smith lives a drab, conforming existence but wants to experience a meaningful life as an

Zadie Smith is a British author known for her treatment of race, religion, and cultural identity and for her novels’ eccentric characters, savvy humor, and snappy dialogue. She became a sensation in the literary world with the publication of her first novel, White Teeth, in 2000. Smith, the

Zilpha Drew Smith was an American social worker under whose guidance in the late 19th century Boston’s charity network was skillfully organized and efficiently run. Smith grew up in East Boston (now part of Boston). She graduated from the Girls’ High and Normal School of Boston in 1868. After

military aircraft: Air transport and training: Robert Smith-Barry introduced a curriculum based on a balanced combination of academic classroom training and dual flight instruction. Philosophically, Smith-Barry’s system was based not on avoiding potentially dangerous maneuvers—as had been the case theretofore—but on exposing the student to them in a controlled manner so…

Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act, (June 25, 1943), measure enacted by the U.S. Congress, over President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s veto, giving the president power to seize and operate privately owned war plants when an actual or threatened strike or lockout interfered with war production. Subsequent

Battle of Mons: Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien’s II Corps on the British left, where the situation was not unfavourable for the British. A canal that looped north of Mons provided a valuable defensive line, while the terrain on the opposite side held numerous difficulties for the attackers. Muddy ditches…

optics: Magnification: the optical invariant: This theorem has been named after the French scientist Joseph-Louis Lagrange, although it is sometimes called the Smith-Helmholtz theorem, after Robert Smith, an English scientist, and Hermann Helmholtz, a German scientist; the product (hnu) is often known as the optical invariant. As it is easy to…

Smith-Hughes Act, U.S. legislation, adopted in 1917, that provided federal aid to the states for the purpose of promoting precollegiate vocational education in agricultural and industrial trades and in home economics. Although the law helped to expand vocational courses and enrollment, it generally

Smith-Hughes Act, U.S. legislation, adopted in 1917, that provided federal aid to the states for the purpose of promoting precollegiate vocational education in agricultural and industrial trades and in home economics. Although the law helped to expand vocational courses and enrollment, it generally

agricultural sciences: U.S. agricultural education and research: Congress passed the Smith–Lever Act in 1914, providing for, among other things, the teaching of improved agricultural practices to farmers. Thus the agricultural extension service—now recognized as an outstanding example of adult vocational education—was established.

Selma March: Voter registration in Selma: , Selma’s recently elected mayor, Joseph Smitherman, sought to prevent local law-enforcement officers from employing violence, fearing that bad publicity would work against his attempt to lure new industry to Selma.

Smithfield, area in the northwestern part of the City of London. It is famous for its meat market (the London Central Meat Market), one of the largest of its kind in the world. From 1133 until 1855 the site was used for the Bartholomew Fair, a cloth and meat market that later became known as a

Olympia, city, capital of Washington, U.S., seat (1852) of Thurston county, on Budd Inlet and Capitol Lake (at the south end of Puget Sound), at the mouth of the Deschutes River, 29 miles (47 km) southwest of Tacoma. Laid out in 1851 as Smithfield, it became the site of a U.S. customs house and was

United Kingdom: Mary I (1553–58): …women were martyred in the Smithfield Fires during the last three years of her reign; compared with events on the Continent, the numbers were not large, but the emotional impact was great. Among the first half-dozen martyrs were the Protestant leaders Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Hugh Latimer, and John Hooper, who…

ham: …United States are those of Smithfield, Virginia, which are processed from hogs fattened on acorns, nuts, and corn. The hams are cured in a dry mixture for 30–37 days, then spiced with black pepper, and cold smoked (at 70–90 °F [21–27 °C]) for another 10–15 days. Afterward the ham is…

Oliver Smithies was a British-born American scientist who, with Mario R. Capecchi and Sir Martin J. Evans, won the 2007 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for developing gene targeting, a technology used to create animal models of human diseases in mice. In 1951 Smithies earned both a master’s

smithing, Fabrication and repair of metal objects by hot and cold forging on an anvil or with a power hammer or by welding and other means. Blacksmiths traditionally worked with iron (anciently known as “black metal”), making agricultural and other tools, fashioning hardware (e.g., hooks, hinges,

Jean-Pierre Garnier: …Garnier made the move to SmithKline Beecham, a British-based pharmaceutical firm, where he was named president of the company’s North American business. He was elected to SmithKline Beecham’s board of directors in 1992 and was appointed chief operating officer of the company in 1995. In recognition of his accomplishments, Garnier…

the Smiths, one of the most popular and critically acclaimed English bands of the 1980s. The original members were lead singer Morrissey (original name Steven Patrick Morrissey; b. May 22, 1959, Manchester, England), guitarist Johnny Marr (original name John Maher; b. October 31, 1963, Manchester),

Alison Smithson and Peter Smithson were British architects notable for their design for the Hunstanton Secondary Modern School, Norfolk (1954), which is generally recognized as the first example of New Brutalism, an approach to architecture that often stressed stark presentation of materials and

Forrest Smithson: A Tall Tale: The Olympic Games have, of course, produced numerous fascinating stories—some inspiring, some tragic, and some, such as the tale of Forrest Smithson, a bit befuddling. Smithson’s enduring and endearing legend maintains that the U.S. hurdler protested the scheduling of competition on Sundays by leaping over…

Symphonie fantastique, Op. 14: …poet: he was enchanted by Harriet Smithson, the young Irishwoman who played Ophelia. That enchantment soon turned to obsession as Berlioz haunted the stage door and inundated Smithson with love letters only to have his advances ignored. Motivated by the pain of unilateral love, Berlioz began after three years to…

James Smithson was an English scientist who provided funds for the founding of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. Smithson was born to Hugh Smithson Percy, 1st duke of Northumberland, and Elizabeth Keate Macie, a lineal descendant of Henry VII. Educated at the University of Oxford,

Alison Smithson and Peter Smithson: …3, 2003, London) were British architects notable for their design for the Hunstanton Secondary Modern School, Norfolk (1954), which is generally recognized as the first example of New Brutalism, an approach to architecture that often stressed stark presentation of materials and structure.

Alison Smithson and Peter Smithson: …3, 2003, London) were British architects notable for their design for the Hunstanton Secondary Modern School, Norfolk (1954), which is generally recognized as the first example of New Brutalism, an approach to architecture that often stressed stark presentation of materials and structure.

Robert Smithson was an American sculptor and writer associated with the Land Art movement. His large-scale sculptures, called Earthworks, engaged directly with nature and were created by moving and constructing with vast amounts of soil and rocks. Smithson preferred to work with ruined or exhausted

international payment and exchange: The Smithsonian Agreement and after: On Dec. 17 and 18, 1971, representatives of the Group of Ten met at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., and agreed on a realignment of currencies and a new set of pegged exchange rates. The dollar was devalued in terms…

Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM), the first federal art collection of the United States, now the world’s largest collection of American art. The Washington, D.C., museum showcases more than 40,000 works of art, representing 7,000 American artists. Featured permanent collections include

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory: The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory was established in 1890 in Washington, D.C., by Samuel Pierpont Langley, the third secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, for the specific study of the Sun’s radiation. Langley’s successor as observatory director in 1906, Charles Greeley Abbot, limited the…

The Smithsonian Institution is a sprawling complex that includes 21 museums, the National Zoo, and 14 research and education centers. Based in Washington, D.C., and founded by Congress in 1846 by the bequest of James Smithson, an English scientist, the institution is sometimes known as “the

National Museum of Natural History, American museum of natural history, part of the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The Smithsonian Institution began gathering specimens of natural history in 1838 and continued collecting by gift, purchase, or expedition

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), a collection of scientific facilities in Panama that is primarily devoted to ecological studies. Although located on Panamanian territory, the institute has been operated by the American Smithsonian Institution since 1946 and was originally

smithsonite, zinc carbonate (ZnCO3), a mineral that was the principal source of zinc until the 1880s, when it was replaced by sphalerite. It is ordinarily found in the oxidized zone of ore deposits as a secondary mineral or alteration product of primary zinc minerals. Notable deposits are at

Smithton, town, northwestern Tasmania, Australia, at the mouth of the Duck River on Duck Bay. It is a commercial centre for the northwest coastal region. The site was included in a grant made to the Van Diemen’s Land Company in 1825. Settlement by Europeans began in earnest in the 1850s, and from

Columbia, city, seat of Boone county, near the Missouri River, central Missouri, U.S., midway between St. Louis and Kansas City. It was originally established (1819) as Smithton, but an inadequate water supply forced its move in 1821, when it was laid out and renamed Columbia. The rerouting of

Atlantic City: The Historic Towne of Smithville, 6 miles (10 km) north, has restored 18th- and 19th-century buildings including a general store, a gristmill, and an inn. Greater Atlantic City embraces the down-beach communities of Ventnor, Margate, and Longport and the mainland communities of Absecon, Pleasantville, Northfield, Linwood, and Somers Point.…

Richmond, city, seat (1873) of Wayne county, east-central Indiana, U.S. It is located on the East Fork of Whitewater River, 67 miles (108 km) east of Indianapolis at the Ohio border. Settled in 1806 by migrating North Carolina Quakers, it was first called Smithville and in 1818 amalgamated with

Indiana Pacers: …on the team by center Rik Smits in 1988, and in 1989–90 Indiana began a streak of seven consecutive postseason berths. The team reached the conference finals in 1993–94 and 1994–95, losing in seven games each time. After missing out on the playoffs in 1995–96, the Pacers advanced to the…

Mikheil Saakashvili: Education and early political career: …Zhvania, then chairman of the Union of Citizens of Georgia (SMK), and was elected to parliament in November 1995 on the SMK ticket. From 1995 to 1998 he served as chairman of parliament’s Committee on Legal Affairs and lobbied unsuccessfully for faster and more comprehensive reforms. In August 1998 he…

telescope: Reflecting telescopes: …the Earth-orbiting space observatory, the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM), launched in 1980.

smock, loose, shirtlike garment worn by women in the European Middle Ages under their gowns. The smock eventually developed into a loose, yoked, shirtlike outer garment of coarse linen, used to protect the clothes; it was worn, for example, by peasants in Europe. Modern smocks are loose,

smog, community-wide polluted air. Its composition is variable. The term is derived from the words smoke and fog, but it is commonly used to describe the pall of automotive or industrial origin that lies over many cities. The term was probably first used in 1905 by H.A. Des Voeux to describe

Smohalla was a North American Indian prophet, preacher, and teacher, one of a series of such leaders who arose in response to the menace presented to Native American life and culture by the encroachment of white settlers. He founded a religious cult, the Dreamers, that emphasized traditional Native

Smohalla was a North American Indian prophet, preacher, and teacher, one of a series of such leaders who arose in response to the menace presented to Native American life and culture by the encroachment of white settlers. He founded a religious cult, the Dreamers, that emphasized traditional Native

balloon flight: Smoke and coal gas: Smoke balloons, without onboard fire, became popular for fairs and exhibitions as parachutes were perfected. In particular, the standard grand climax of many celebrations at the turn of the 20th century was to have a trapeze artist ascend for hundreds of…

Smoke, novel by Ivan Turgenev, published in Russian in 1867 as Dym. Set in Baden-Baden, Germany, it combines a sensitive love story with political satire. While waiting in fashionable Baden to meet Tanya Shestoff, his fiancée, Grigory Litvinov, the young heir to a declining Russian estate,

Paul Auster: …screenplays for several films, including Smoke (1995), and he wrote and directed the films Lulu on the Bridge (1998) and The Inner Life of Martin Frost (2007). Having witnessed a friend’s death by lightning as a teenager, he appeared in Act of God (2009), a documentary about lightning-strike survivors. Here…

chimney: The smoke chamber narrows uniformly toward the top; it slows down drafts and acts as a reservoir for smoke trapped in the chimney by gusts across the chimney top. The flue, the main length of the chimney, is usually of masonry, often brick, and metal-lined. Vertical…

Black Rock Desert: …Pyramid Lake is called the Smoke Creek Desert.

smoke detector, device used to warn occupants of a building of the presence of a fire before it reaches a rapidly spreading stage and inhibits escape or attempts to extinguish it. On sensing smoke the detectors emit a loud, high-pitched alarm tone, usually warbling or intermittent, and usually

Miguel Delibes: Smoke on the Ground).

artillery: Projectile, powder, and fuze: Smoke shells, filled with white phosphorus, were adopted for screening the activities of troops; illuminating shells, containing magnesium flares suspended by parachutes, illuminated the battlefield at night; gas shells, filled with various chemicals such as chlorine or mustard gas, were used against troops; incendiary shells…

Sherman Alexie: Film work and TV appearances: …the screenplay for and produced Smoke Signals (1998), based on his story “This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona” from The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. It was one of the first feature films written, directed, and produced by Native Americans, and it was acclaimed by…

smoke tree, any of several plant species, the foliage or flowers of which suggest clouds of smoke. The name is commonly applied to two ornamental species of small trees or shrubs of the genus Cotinus in the cashew family (Anacardiaceae). Both are deciduous with attractive fall foliage and have

Michael Bloomberg: Mayor of New York City: …controversial citywide smoking ban (the Smoke-Free Air Act of 2002), revitalized tourism, and erased the city’s budget deficit.

Smohalla was a North American Indian prophet, preacher, and teacher, one of a series of such leaders who arose in response to the menace presented to Native American life and culture by the encroachment of white settlers. He founded a religious cult, the Dreamers, that emphasized traditional Native

smoking: Commercial smokehouses, usually several stories high, often use steampipes to supplement the heat of a natural sawdust fire. Hickory sawdust is the preferred fuel. Whatever the size of the smoking operation, it is imperative that a hardwood fire be used. The softwood of conifers such as…

gas-turbine engine: Origins: It was followed by the smokejack, first sketched by Leonardo da Vinci and subsequently described in detail by John Wilkins, an English clergyman, in 1648. This device consisted of a number of horizontal sails that were mounted on a vertical shaft and driven by the hot air rising from a…

warship: Armament: …began to achieve success with smokeless powder of nitrated cellulose and usually some nitroglycerin. With greater striking power available, armour-piercing projectiles became more formidable. These were originally solid shot designed simply to punch through armour plate. In the 1890s, better steel and fuses made it possible to add an explosive…

smoking: Cancer: Smokeless tobacco users, meanwhile, repeatedly expose the oral mucosa to toxins and have a substantially increased risk of getting head and neck cancers, though the risk depends in part on the period of consumption and the nature of the product. For example, Swedish smokeless tobacco…

beekeeping: Beekeeping equipment: …of the beekeeper are: the smoker to quell the bees; a veil to protect the face; gloves for the novice or the person sensitive to stings; a blunt steel blade called a hive tool, for separating the frames and other hive parts for examination; the uncapping knife, for opening the…

Burt Reynolds: …driver in the comic romp Smokey and the Bandit (1977) made the movie such a hit that two sequels (1980 and 1983) followed. Other films included The Cannonball Run and Sharky’s Machine, which he also directed (both 1981), The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (1982), and Stroker Ace

Burt Reynolds: …hit that two sequels (1980 and 1983) followed. Other films included The Cannonball Run and Sharky’s Machine, which he also directed (both 1981), The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (1982), and Stroker Ace (1983).

Paul Williams: Career as a singer, songwriter, and actor in the 1960s–80s: …Bandit films (1977, 1980, and 1983) and starred in the pilot episode of his own television comedy, The Paul Williams Show (1979), though it was not picked up as a series. Williams guest starred on many television shows during the 1970s and ’80s and was a frequent guest on The…

Smokey Bear, an official mascot of the USDA Forest Service, created in 1944 as part of a national campaign to educate campers and others on forest fire prevention and safety; it is the longest-running public service advertising campaign in U.S. history. A black bear cub that survived a New Mexico

the Coasters: 9” and “Smokey Joe’s Cafe”). In 1955, with a change in personnel (most notably the loss of Richard Berry, who would later write the rock classic “Louie, Louie”), they became the Coasters. The group had a series of rock-and-roll hits—largely for Atlantic Records’ subsidiary label Atco—with witty…

Great Smoky Mountains, western segment of the high Appalachian Mountains in eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina, U.S. The Great Smokies lie between Knoxville, Tennessee (just to the west), and Asheville, North Carolina (just to the east), blending into the Blue Ridge escarpment to the east

Jason Bateman: Later life and career: …Hutch (2004), The Break-Up (2006), Smokin’ Aces (2006), Juno (2007), Forgetting Sarah Marshall (2008), Hancock (2008), Couples Retreat (2009), The Switch (2010), Horrible Bosses (2011), and Bad Words (2013), which he also directed.

smoking, the act of inhaling and exhaling the fumes of burning plant material. A variety of plant materials are smoked, including marijuana and hashish, but the act is most commonly associated with tobacco as smoked in a cigarette, cigar, or pipe. Tobacco contains nicotine, an alkaloid that is

smoking, in food processing, the exposure of cured meat and fish products to smoke for the purposes of preserving them and increasing their palatability by adding flavour and imparting a rich brown colour. The drying action of the smoke tends to preserve the meat, though many of the chemicals

cigarette: …the United States led to bans on smoking in a number of public places including on airplanes (1990). In 1995, California became the first state to ban smoking in restaurants. As of 2023, 35 states now have bans. The result has been a decrease in the percentage of Americans who…

smoking: Smoking cessation: The starting point for “kicking the habit” is awareness of the harm smoking can cause. For example, after the U.S. surgeon general’s report in 1964 brought to public awareness a link between smoking and cancer, smoking rates in the United States dropped precipitously.…

smoky bat, (family Furipteridae), either of two bat species found in the Central and South American tropics and classified as a family unto themselves. Amorphochilus schnablii is the smoky bat, whereas Furipterus horrens is also commonly called the thumbless bat. Small and delicately built, both

smoky bat: Amorphochilus schnablii is the smoky bat, whereas Furipterus horrens is also commonly called the thumbless bat. Small and delicately built, both species range in size from about 3.7 to 5.8 cm (1.5 to 2.3 inches), have tails about 2.4 to 3.6 cm (1 to 1.4 inches) in length, and…

Smoky Hill River, river formed by two headstreams (North and South forks) that rise north of Cheyenne Wells, Cheyenne county, in eastern Colorado, U.S., and flow east into Kansas, continuing past Wallace to unite near Russell Springs. The main stream then continues in a generally eastward direction

Great Smoky Mountains, western segment of the high Appalachian Mountains in eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina, U.S. The Great Smokies lie between Knoxville, Tennessee (just to the west), and Asheville, North Carolina (just to the east), blending into the Blue Ridge escarpment to the east

smoky quartz, very common coarse-grained variety of the silica mineral quartz that ranges in colour from nearly black through smoky brown. No distinct boundary exists between smoky and colourless quartz. Its abundance causes it to be worth considerably less than either amethyst or citrine. Heating

Smolensk, city and administrative center of Smolensk oblast (region), western Russia. The city stands on both banks of the Dnieper River, 260 miles (418 km) west of Moscow. Smolensk is one of the oldest and most historic of Russian cities, dating back to the 9th century, but the ravages of war

Smolensk, oblast (region), western Russia. The oblast lies mostly in the upper Dnieper River basin. The terminal moraines of the Smolensk-Moscow Upland lie east-west across the oblast, rising to 1,050 feet (320 m) and dividing the Dnieper, Volga, and Western Dvina basins. Easy portages between

Moscow: The middle zone: …Novodevichy Convent, with its beautiful Smolensk Cathedral, whose tall bell tower (1690) dominates the churches and buildings within the crenellated walls and towers of the convent. The cathedral now houses the Novodevichy Convent Museum, and the complex includes a cemetery where Khrushchev and other prominent figures from Soviet history are…

Smolensk Upland, ridge of high land, western Russia, running in a west-southwest to east-northeast direction across the Russian Plain from Orsha, southwest of Smolensk, to Yuryev-Polsky, northeast of Moscow, a distance of 420 miles (680 km). Marking the southern limit of the last glaciation, it

Battle of Smolensk, engagement of the Napoleonic Wars fought in eastern Russia on August 16–18, 1812, and the first large-scale battle of the French campaign in Russia. When Napoleon invaded Russia in June 1812, he led a multinational army of more than half a million soldiers. He needed a rapid and

Smolensk Upland, ridge of high land, western Russia, running in a west-southwest to east-northeast direction across the Russian Plain from Orsha, southwest of Smolensk, to Yuryev-Polsky, northeast of Moscow, a distance of 420 miles (680 km). Marking the southern limit of the last glaciation, it

Smolensk Upland, ridge of high land, western Russia, running in a west-southwest to east-northeast direction across the Russian Plain from Orsha, southwest of Smolensk, to Yuryev-Polsky, northeast of Moscow, a distance of 420 miles (680 km). Marking the southern limit of the last glaciation, it

Hebrew literature: Romanticism: Peretz Smolenskin created in six novels a kaleidoscope of Jewish life in which he rejected the westernized Jew as much as orthodox reactionaries did.

Smolensk Upland, ridge of high land, western Russia, running in a west-southwest to east-northeast direction across the Russian Plain from Orsha, southwest of Smolensk, to Yuryev-Polsky, northeast of Moscow, a distance of 420 miles (680 km). Marking the southern limit of the last glaciation, it