volcano: Intraplate volcanism: …the southeast end of the Hawaiian chain are all less than one million years old. Two of these, Kilauea and Mauna Loa, are two of the most active volcanoes in the world. Northwestward along the Hawaiian chain each island is progressively older. The extinct volcano or volcanoes that formed the…

Hawaii, constituent state of the United States of America. Hawaii (Hawaiian: Hawai‘i) became the 50th U.S. state on August 21, 1959. Hawaii is a group of volcanic islands in the central Pacific Ocean. The islands lie 2,397 miles (3,857 km) from San Francisco, California, to the east and 5,293 miles

plastic: Sandwich laminates: Plywood is a form of sandwich construction of natural wood fibres with plastics. The layers are easily distinguished and are both held together and impregnated with a thermosetting resin, usually urea formaldehyde. A decorative laminate can consist of a half-dozen layers of fibrous…

construction: Enclosure systems: Metal sandwich panels are also used for economy of material; two thin layers of metal are separated by a core of different material, often with a high U-value for insulating effect. The separation of the thin layers of strong metal greatly increases the overall stiffness of…

Battle of Sandwich, battle that took place in the Strait of Dover on August 24, 1217, that saved England from French occupation, but it has also gone down in history as the first battle fought by sailing ships in the open sea. It is also known as the Battle of Dover. King John of England had

Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich was an English admiral who brought Charles II to England at the Restoration in 1660 and who subsequently fought in the Second and Third Dutch Wars. The son of Sir Sydney Montagu, he raised a regiment for Parliament after the outbreak of the Civil War and fought

Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich was an English admiral who brought Charles II to England at the Restoration in 1660 and who subsequently fought in the Second and Third Dutch Wars. The son of Sir Sydney Montagu, he raised a regiment for Parliament after the outbreak of the Civil War and fought

John Montagu, 4th earl of Sandwich was a British first lord of the Admiralty during the American Revolution (1776–81) and the man for whom the sandwich was named. Having succeeded his grandfather, Edward Montagu, the 3rd earl, in 1729, he studied at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, and traveled

John Montagu, 4th earl of Sandwich was a British first lord of the Admiralty during the American Revolution (1776–81) and the man for whom the sandwich was named. Having succeeded his grandfather, Edward Montagu, the 3rd earl, in 1729, he studied at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, and traveled

physical culture: Athletic clubs and sports: …feats of Louis Cyr and Katie Sandwina, billed as the world’s strongest man and world’s strongest woman, respectively. Fox virtually invented sports pages. His efforts were complemented by the garish entertainments of Coney Island, which provided a healthy outlet for the teeming immigrant masses, much as spas appealed to their…

Sandwip Island, island situated in the Meghna River estuary, southeastern Bangladesh. It is the easternmost island of the Padma River (Ganges [Ganga] River) delta. It is about 25 miles (40 km) long and 3–9 miles (5–15 km) wide and is separated from the Chittagong region to the east by the Sandwip

rag worm, any of a group of mostly marine or shore worms of the class Polychaeta (phylum Annelida). A few species live in fresh water. Other common names include mussel worm, pileworm, and sandworm. Rag worms vary in length from 2.5 to 90 cm (1 inch to 3 feet); they are commonly brown, bright red,

Baptist: Colonial period: …in 1758 to form the Sandy Creek Association. Doctrinally these churches did not differ from the older “regular” Baptist churches, but what the older churches saw as their emotional excesses and ecclesiastical irregularities created considerable tension between the two groups. By 1787, however, a reconciliation had been effected.

Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting: The shootings at Sandy Hook: …drove his mother’s car to Sandy Hook Elementary School, a public school in Newtown for kindergarten through fourth grade. Leaving the shotgun in the car, Lanza shot his way through a window next to the school’s locked security door just after 9:30 am. He was immediately confronted by Sandy Hook…

Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, mass shooting in Newtown, Connecticut, on December 14, 2012, that left 26 people dead and 2 injured at the school. After murdering his mother at their home, Adam Lanza fatally shot 20 children and 6 adults at Sandy Hook Elementary School before taking his own

coastal landforms: Landforms of depositional coasts: …that is characterized by well-developed sand beaches typically formed on long barrier islands with a few widely spaced tidal inlets. The barrier islands tend to be narrow and rather low in elevation. Longshore transport is extensive, and the inlets are often small and unstable. Jetties are commonly placed along the…

Steele Rudd: …followed by a similar volume, Sandy’s Selection (1904). He later adapted On Our Selection into a successful play that was produced in London; six other dramas followed. In more than 20 volumes Rudd depicted farm life in the Darling Downs area of southern Queensland. His early work was often realistic…

Superstorm Sandy, massive storm that brought significant wind and flooding damage to Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, The Bahamas, and the U.S. Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern states in late October 2012. Flash flooding generated by the storm’s relentless rainfall, high winds, and

Superstorm Sandy, massive storm that brought significant wind and flooding damage to Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, The Bahamas, and the U.S. Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern states in late October 2012. Flash flooding generated by the storm’s relentless rainfall, high winds, and

Superstorm Sandy, massive storm that brought significant wind and flooding damage to Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, The Bahamas, and the U.S. Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern states in late October 2012. Flash flooding generated by the storm’s relentless rainfall, high winds, and

Duncan Sandys was a British politician and statesman who exerted major influence on foreign and domestic policy during mid-20th-century Conservative administrations. The son of a member of Parliament, Sandys was first elected to Parliament as a Conservative in 1935. He became a close ally of his

George Sandys was an English traveler, poet, colonist, and foreign service career officer who played an important part in the development of English verse, especially of the heroic couplet. A journal of his travels in the Middle East, Relation of a Journey (1615), went through nine editions in the

Sir Edwin Sandys was a leading Parliamentary opponent of King James I of England and a founder of the colony of Virginia. His activities in Parliament prepared the way for the Parliamentarian movement that eventually deposed and executed James’s successor, Charles I. Sandys was the son of Edwin

Erich Fromm: In The Sane Society (1955), Fromm presented his argument that modern man has become alienated and estranged from himself within consumer-oriented industrial society. Known also for his popular works on human nature, ethics, and love, Fromm additionally wrote books of criticism and analysis of Freudian and…

Viktor Saneyev is a Soviet athlete who dominated the triple jump during the late 1960s and ’70s. He won four Olympic medals, including three golds. Saneyev was originally a high jumper, but a knee injury forced him to switch to the long and triple jumps; by 1963 he was concentrating on the triple

Sanfilippo’s syndrome, rare hereditary (autosomal recessive) metabolic disease characterized by severe mental retardation. There are three varieties, each caused by a defect in a different enzyme involved in the breakdown of mucopolysaccharides, a group of substances important in the structure and

Sanford, city, seat (1913) of Seminole county, east-central Florida, U.S., on the St. Johns River and Lake Monroe, about 20 miles (30 km) northeast of Orlando. Permanent settlement dates from 1836, when Camp Monroe (late Fort Mellon) was established. A trading post called Mellonville had evolved by

African Americans: Television and film: …starred in the popular series Sanford and Son (1972–77). One of the most acclaimed weekly shows ever produced was The Cosby Show (1984–92), starring comedian Bill Cosby. Keenen Ivory Wayans, star of the long-running satirical sketch comedy show In Living Color, won an Emmy Award for his work in 1990.…

Edward T. Sanford was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1923–30). Sanford was admitted to the Tennessee bar in 1888 and began his law practice in Knoxville. His public career began in 1907 when President Theodore Roosevelt named him assistant attorney general. The following

Edward T. Sanford was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1923–30). Sanford was admitted to the Tennessee bar in 1888 and began his law practice in Knoxville. His public career began in 1907 when President Theodore Roosevelt named him assistant attorney general. The following

Isabel Sanford was an American actress best known for her role as Louise (“Weezy”) Jefferson in the long-running television sitcom The Jeffersons (1975–85). She was the first Black actress to win an Emmy Award for a lead role. Sanford made her acting debut in the American Negro Theatre’s 1946

Redd Foxx was an American comedian known for his raunchy stand-up routines. His style of comedy, which featured foul language and highly adult subject matter, influenced generations of comics. He was also a television actor, star of the hit television series Sanford and Son, which ran on NBC from

Maria Louise Sanford was an American educator remembered for the innovation and inspiration she brought to her teaching. Sanford graduated from the New Britain Normal School in 1855 and then taught school in various Connecticut towns for 12 years. In 1867 she moved to Pennsylvania, where in 1869

Wrangell Mountains: …point in the range, and Mount Sanford (16,237 feet [4,949 metres]). Snowfields drain into glaciers as long as 45 miles (70 km). Most of the summits are extinct volcanoes; Mount Wrangell (14,163 feet [4,317 metres]) was the last to approach the dormant stage. Rich copper deposits were discovered north of…

Jean Cocteau: Influence of Radiguet: …creation of his first film, Le Sang d’un poète, a commentary on his own private mythology; the themes that then seemed obscure or shocking seem today less private and more universal because they have appeared in other works. Also in the early 1930s Cocteau wrote what is usually thought to…

sang de boeuf, a glossy, rich, bloodred glaze often slashed with streaks of purple or turquoise used to decorate pottery, particularly porcelain. The effect is produced by a method of firing that incorporates copper, a method first discovered by the Chinese of the Ming dynasty, probably during the

horizontally divided red-white national flag. Its width-to-length ratio is 2 to 3.Indonesia’s flag was officially adopted on August 17, 1945, three days after the conclusion of World War II. It remained the national flag when Indonesia won recognition of its independence from the Netherlands in

Louis Guilloux: …masterpiece, Le Sang noir (1935; Bitter Victory). Set in Guilloux’s hometown during World War I, it has as its central character an idealist embittered by experience, driven by his sense of the absurdity of existence to a point beyond hope or despair. Guilloux’s own left-wing ideals were severely tested by…

horizontally divided red-white national flag. Its width-to-length ratio is 2 to 3.Indonesia’s flag was officially adopted on August 17, 1945, three days after the conclusion of World War II. It remained the national flag when Indonesia won recognition of its independence from the Netherlands in

Apichatpong Weerasethakul: …next film, Sang sattawat (Syndromes and a Century), was commissioned for Vienna’s Mozart-inspired New Crowned Hope festival in 2006. Like several films that preceded it, Syndromes and a Century also has a two-part structure, with what one critic called “two incarnations of the same tale.” Each part is set…

Lao literature: Early Lao literature: …such major classical works as Sang Sinsai and Thao Hung Thao Cheuang were probably composed. The titles of these works are drawn from the names of their subjects: the former relates the exploits of a legendary prince, and the latter is the tale of a Southeast Asian warrior-king. Following the…

Kenya: Disputed 2007 and 2013 elections, a new constitution, and ICC proceedings: …minister William Ruto, radio executive Joshua arap Sang, and ODM chairperson Henry Kosgey. In January 2012 the ICC announced that four of the six suspects—Kenyatta, Muthaura, Ruto, and Sang—would face trial. They were charged with committing crimes against humanity during the period of postelection violence, with Kenyatta and Muthaura allegedly…

Sanggan River, river in Shanxi and Hebei provinces, part of the Hai River system, northwestern China. The Sanggan River is formed from source streams that rise close to Ningwu, near the Great Wall of China, and flows across the dry plateau of northern Shanxi. After running northeast in a trough

N.F.S. Grundtvig: His Sang-værk til den danske kirke (1837–81; “Song Collection for the Danish Church”) contains new versions of traditional Christian hymns, as well as numerous original hymns, many of them well known in Norwegian, Swedish, German, and English translations.

Republic of the Congo: Settlement patterns: …the Binga Pygmies and the Sanga are scattered through the northern basin. Precolonial trade between north and south stimulated both cooperation and competition, while French favouritism toward the peoples of the southwest and postindependence politics intensified ethnic and regional rivalries. Massive internal migration and urbanization since independence have reproduced these…

Mesopotamian religion: Administration: …usually administered by officials called sangas (“bishops”), who headed staffs of accountants, overseers of agricultural and industrial works on the temple estate, and gudus (priests), who looked after the god as house servants. Among the priestesses the highest-ranking was termed en (Akkadian: entu). They were usually princesses of royal blood…

Sangha River, tributary of the Congo River, formed by the Mambéré and Kadeï headstreams at Nola, southwestern Central African Republic. The Sangha River flows 140 miles (225 km) south to Ouesso in Congo (Brazzaville), forming part of Cameroon’s border with the Central African Republic and Congo.

Japanese performing arts: 7th to 16th centuries: …entertainments” of China and called sangaku, “variety arts,” in Japan—became widely popular as well. During the Heian period (794–1185) professional troupes, ostensibly attached to temples and shrines to draw crowds for festival days, combined these lively stage arts, now called sarugaku (literally, monkey or mimic music), with dancing to drums…

Sangallo family, family of outstanding Florentine Renaissance architects. Its most prominent members were Antonio da Sangallo the Elder; his elder brother Giuliano da Sangallo; Antonio (Giamberti) da Sangallo the Younger, the nephew of Giuliano and Antonio da Sangallo the Elder; and Francesco da

Sangallo family: Antonio da Sangallo the Elder (1455–1535), a military architect in his younger years, is best known for the major work of his life, the pilgrimage church of the Madonna di San Biago at Montepulciano, a tiny but important cultural centre of Tuscany. An ideal central-plan…

Sangallo family: Antonio da Sangallo the Younger (1484–1546) was the most influential architect of his time. He arrived in Rome when he was about 20 and built a town house for the cardinal Alessandro Farnese in 1513. When the cardinal became Pope Paul III, he had Antonio…

Sangallo family: Francesco da Sangallo, known as Il Margotta (1494–1576), the son of Giuliano, was primarily a sculptor whose style was characterized by minute detailing. He sculpted the tomb of Bishop Marzi-Medici (1546) in the church of Santissima Annunziata, Florence, as well as the tomb of Bishop…

Sangallo family: Giuliano da Sangallo (1445?–1516) was an architect, sculptor, and military engineer whose masterpiece, a church of Greek-cross plan, Santa Maria delle Carceri in Prato (1485–91), was strongly influenced by Filippo Brunelleschi. It is the purest, most classic expression of that style of 15th-century architecture. Giuliano…

Sangam literature, the earliest writings in the Tamil language, thought to have been produced in three chankams, or literary academies, in Madurai, India, from the 1st to the 4th century ce. The Tolkappiyam, a book of grammar and rhetoric, and eight anthologies (Ettuttokai) of poetry were

Vijayanagar: The first dynasty, the Sangama, lasted until about 1485, when—at a time of pressure from the Bahmanī sultan and the raja of Orissa—Narasimha of the Saluva family usurped power. By 1503 the Saluva dynasty had been supplanted by the Tuluva dynasty. The outstanding Tuluva king was Krishna Deva Raya.…

Sangamon Interglacial Stage, major division of Pleistocene time and deposits in North America (the Pleistocene Epoch began about 2.6 million years ago and ended about 11,700 years ago). The Sangamon Interglacial follows the Illinoian Glacial Stage and precedes the Wisconsin Glacial Stage, both

Sangamon River, river in central Illinois, U.S. It rises near Ellsworth in McLean county and flows briefly southeast. It then curves southwest, bending around Decatur, where a dam impounds Lake Decatur, and turns west to pass near Springfield, the state capital, and then north and west to join the

University of Illinois, state system of higher education in Illinois, U.S. It consists of three campuses, the main campus in the twin cities Champaign and Urbana and additional campuses in Chicago and Springfield. The universities are teaching and research institutions with land-grant standing and

Oumou Sangaré is a Malian singer and songwriter known for championing women’s rights through wassoulou, a style of popular music derived from vocal and instrumental traditions of rural southern Mali. The earliest influence on Sangaré’s musical development was her mother, a migrant to Bamako from

Sangareddi, town, capital of Medak district, western Telangana state, southern India. It is located in an upland region of the Golconda plateau in the Deccan near the Manjra River, just northwest of the Hyderabad conurbation. The town has mainly an agricultural economy (rice, sugarcane, and

Sangareddi, town, capital of Medak district, western Telangana state, southern India. It is located in an upland region of the Golconda plateau in the Deccan near the Manjra River, just northwest of the Hyderabad conurbation. The town has mainly an agricultural economy (rice, sugarcane, and

Sangareddi, town, capital of Medak district, western Telangana state, southern India. It is located in an upland region of the Golconda plateau in the Deccan near the Manjra River, just northwest of the Hyderabad conurbation. The town has mainly an agricultural economy (rice, sugarcane, and

Sikhism: Guru Ram Das: …with the care of defined sangats (congregations) and who at least once a year presented the Guru with reports on and gifts from the Sikh community. Particularly skilled in hymn singing, Guru Ram Das stressed the importance of this practice, which remains an important part of Sikh worship. A member…

Japanese art: Sculpture: …construction of Tōdai Temple is Hokkedō, also known as Sangatsudō, located at the eastern edge of the Tōdai complex. Tradition suggests that Hokkedō, the oldest building in the Tōdai complex, may have been the temple of the monk Rōben, who, working in tandem with Emperor Shōmu, was the driving force…

Japanese art: Sculpture: …construction of Tōdai Temple is Hokkedō, also known as Sangatsudō, located at the eastern edge of the Tōdai complex. Tradition suggests that Hokkedō, the oldest building in the Tōdai complex, may have been the temple of the monk Rōben, who, working in tandem with Emperor Shōmu, was the driving force…

Ecuador: Relief: … (17,451 feet [5,319 metres]), and Sangay (17,158 feet [5,230 metres]). These are included in two ranges connected at intervals by transversal mountain chains, between which are large isolated valleys or basins, called hoyas.

Ecuador: Sports and recreation: …parks and nature preserves, including Sangay National Park in the central Andes (a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1983), are increasingly used for picnicking, mountaineering, and fishing. Ecuador’s Olympic participation began at the 1924 Summer Games in Paris. The country’s first Olympic medal, gold in the 20-km walk, was won…

Lobsang Sangay is a Tibetan scholar and political leader who became prime minister in the Tibetan Central Administration, the Tibetan government-in-exile, in 2011. He was both the first non-monk and the first person born outside Tibet to hold the position. Sangay was born in a refugee camp for

Sanniquellie, town, north-central Liberia, located at the intersection of roads from Monrovia and Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast). A rural administrative centre among the Mano and Malinke (Mandingo), Sanniquellie has secondary schools and the George W. Harley Memorial Hospital. There is local trade in

Madhubala: They appeared together again in Sangdil (1952), a loose adaptation of Charlotte Brontë’s novel Jane Eyre, and in the drama Amar (1954). Her other notable roles included that of a spoiled and naïve heiress in the comedy Mr. and Mrs. ’55 (1955), directed by and costarring Guru Dutt; a young…

recombinant DNA: Methods: and Walter Gilbert, and the Sanger method, discovered by English biochemist Frederick Sanger. In the most commonly used method, the Sanger method, DNA chains are synthesized on a template strand, but chain growth is stopped when one of four possible dideoxy nucleotides, which lack a 3′ hydroxyl group, is incorporated,…

Eugen Sänger was a German rocket propulsion engineer whose projected “antipodal bomber,” with a range far greater than that made possible by its fuel capacity alone, greatly interested the major Western governments and the Soviet Union at the end of World War II. The development of long-range

Frederick Sanger was an English biochemist who was twice the recipient of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. He was awarded the prize in 1958 for his determination of the structure of the insulin molecule. He shared the prize (with Paul Berg and Walter Gilbert) in 1980 for his determination of base

George Sanger was an English circus impresario who was the proprietor, with his brother John Sanger, of one of England’s biggest circuses in the 19th century. (See also circus: 19th-century developments.) Sanger was an assistant in his father’s touring peep show. In 1853 he and his brother formed

John Sanger was an English circus impresario who was, with his brother George Sanger, the proprietor of one of the largest and most important English circuses in the 19th century. (See also circus: 19th-century developments.) Sanger was an assistant in his father’s touring peep show, and he and his

Wikipedia: Origin and growth: …a free online encyclopedia, with Larry Sanger as editor in chief. Nupedia was organized like existing encyclopedias, with an advisory board of experts and a lengthy review process. By January 2001 fewer than two dozen articles were finished, and Sanger advocated supplementing Nupedia with an open-source encyclopedia based on wiki…

Margaret Sanger was the founder of the birth control movement in the United States and an international leader in the field. She is credited with originating the term birth control. Sanger was the sixth of 11 children. She attended Claverack College and then took nurse’s training in New York at the

West Java: …west to east includes Mounts Sanggabuana, Gede, Pangrango, Kendang, and Cereme. The highest of these peaks rise to elevations of about 10,000 feet (3,000 metres). A series of these volcanoes cluster to form a great tangle of upland that includes the Priangan plateau, which has an elevation of about 1,000…

Sanggan River, river in Shanxi and Hebei provinces, part of the Hai River system, northwestern China. The Sanggan River is formed from source streams that rise close to Ningwu, near the Great Wall of China, and flows across the dry plateau of northern Shanxi. After running northeast in a trough

Sanggan River, river in Shanxi and Hebei provinces, part of the Hai River system, northwestern China. The Sanggan River is formed from source streams that rise close to Ningwu, near the Great Wall of China, and flows across the dry plateau of northern Shanxi. After running northeast in a trough

sangha, Buddhist monastic order, traditionally composed of four groups: monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen. The sangha is a part—together with the Buddha and the dharma (teaching)—of the Threefold Refuge, a basic creed of Buddhism. The sangha originated in the group of disciples who renounced the

Sangha River, tributary of the Congo River, formed by the Mambéré and Kadeï headstreams at Nola, southwestern Central African Republic. The Sangha River flows 140 miles (225 km) south to Ouesso in Congo (Brazzaville), forming part of Cameroon’s border with the Central African Republic and Congo.

Sri Lanka: Conversion to Buddhism: Mahendra sent for his sister Sanghamitta, who arrived with a branch of the Bo tree (at Bodh Gaya), under which the Buddha had attained enlightenment. The sapling was ceremonially planted in the city. Sanghamitta founded an order of nuns, and a stupa (shrine), the Thuparamacetiya, was built by the king…

Sānghar, town, Sindh province, southern Pakistan. The town is connected by road with the cities of Hyderābād, Karāchi, and Sukkur. Sānghar is a market town and has several cotton-textile factories. The surrounding area consists chiefly of semiarid land, a part of the great Thar Desert, and some

Southeast Asian arts: Balinese dance-drama: The sanghyang dance is usually performed by two young girls who gradually go into a state of trance as women sing in chorus and incense is wafted about them. Supposedly entered by the spirit of the nymph Supraba, the girls rise and dance, often acrobatically, though…

Sangihe Islands, archipelago off the northeastern tip of Celebes (Sulawesi), Indonesia. The islands, with a total area of 408 square miles (1,056 square km), extend northward from Celebes for about 160 miles (260 km) and define most of the eastern limit of the Celebes Sea. They are administered

Sangihe Islands, archipelago off the northeastern tip of Celebes (Sulawesi), Indonesia. The islands, with a total area of 408 square miles (1,056 square km), extend northward from Celebes for about 160 miles (260 km) and define most of the eastern limit of the Celebes Sea. They are administered

Sangihe Islands, archipelago off the northeastern tip of Celebes (Sulawesi), Indonesia. The islands, with a total area of 408 square miles (1,056 square km), extend northward from Celebes for about 160 miles (260 km) and define most of the eastern limit of the Celebes Sea. They are administered

Diet: …of Representatives (Shūgiin) and the House of Councillors (Sangiin). The latter takes the place of the old House of Peers and has a membership of 250 consisting of two categories: 100 councillors elected from the nation at large with the remaining 152 elected as prefectural representatives. Every voter may cast…

South Asian arts: Further development of the grama-ragas: The mammoth 13th-century text Sangitaratnakara (“Ocean of Music and Dance”), composed by the theorist Sharngadeva, is often said to be one of the most important landmarks in Indian music history. It was composed in the Deccan (south-central India) shortly before the conquest of this region by the Muslim invaders…

Norodom Sihanouk: He founded the Sangkum Reastr Niyum (“People’s Socialist Community”) in January 1955, won a referendum in February approving its program, and on March 2 abdicated in favour of his father, Norodom Suramarit, becoming the new monarch’s prime minister, foreign minister, and subsequently permanent representative to the United Nations.…

Sangli, city, southern Maharashtra state, western India. It lies in a upland region along the Krishna River, about 20 miles (32 km) east-northeast of Kolhapur. Sangli is the former capital (1761–1947) of Sangli state. The city’s original name was Sahagalli—from the Marathi terms saha (“six”) and

Chakma, largest of the indigenous populations of Bangladesh, also settled in parts of northeastern India and in Myanmar (Burma). Their Indo-Aryan language has its own script, but the Chakma writing system has given way, for the most part, to Bengali script. The earliest history of the Chakma people

Nationalist Congress Party: (Congress Party)—Sharad Pawar, Purno Sangma, and Tariq Anwar—after they had been expelled from that party for demanding that only a person born in India should be allowed to become the country’s president, vice president, or prime minister. The issue arose after Sonia Gandhi, the Italian-born widow of former…

creole languages: Examples from Africa include Sango, a creole based on the Ngbandi language and spoken in the Central African Republic; Kinubi, based on the Arabic language and spoken in Uganda; and Kikongo-Kituba and Lingala, which are based on Kikongo-Kimanyanga and Bobangi,

Kūkai: …his first major work, the Sangō shiiki (“Essentials of the Three Teachings”), in which he proclaimed the superiority of Buddhism over Confucianism and Taoism. Buddhism, he wrote, contained everything that was worthwhile in the other two beliefs, and it also showed more concern than either for man’s existence after death.…

Sangoan industry, sub-Saharan African stone tool industry of Acheulean derivation dating from about 130,000 to 10,000 years ago. It is more or less contemporaneous with the Fauresmith industry of southern Africa. The Sangoan industry was discovered in 1920 at Sango Bay, Uganda, and is also found in

sangoma, highly respected healer among the Zulu people of South Africa who diagnoses, prescribes, and often performs the rituals to heal a person physically, mentally, emotionally, or spiritually. The sangoma may address all of these realms in the healing process, which usually involves divination,

Sangre de Cristo Mountains, segment of the southern Rocky Mountains in the United States, extending south-southeastward for about 250 miles (400 km) from Poncha Pass, in south-central Colorado, to the low divide southwest of Las Vegas, New Mexico. Usually considered an extension of the Front Range,

Ramón López Velarde: His first book of poems, La sangre devota (1916; “Devout Blood”), treats the simplicity of country life, the tension between sensuality and spirituality, and the poet’s love for his cousin Fuensanta (Josefa de los Ríos); the language is often complex and full of daring imagery. In Zozobra (1919; “Anguish”) the…