Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. was an American historian, educator, and public official whose best-known books explore the presidencies of Andrew Jackson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and John F. Kennedy. He served in the latter’s administration. His father, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr., was also a noted

Arthur M. Schlesinger was an American historian whose emphasis on social and urban developments greatly broadened approaches to U.S. history. Schlesinger graduated from the Ohio State University, Columbus, in 1910. When he entered Columbia University, New York City, to continue graduate study in

Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. was an American historian, educator, and public official whose best-known books explore the presidencies of Andrew Jackson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and John F. Kennedy. He served in the latter’s administration. His father, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr., was also a noted

Arthur M. Schlesinger was an American historian whose emphasis on social and urban developments greatly broadened approaches to U.S. history. Schlesinger graduated from the Ohio State University, Columbus, in 1910. When he entered Columbia University, New York City, to continue graduate study in

Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. was an American historian, educator, and public official whose best-known books explore the presidencies of Andrew Jackson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and John F. Kennedy. He served in the latter’s administration. His father, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr., was also a noted

Bruno Walter was a German conductor known primarily for his interpretations of the Viennese school. Though out of step with 20th-century trends, he was such a fine musician that he became a major figure—filling the wide gulf between the extremes of his day, Arturo Toscanini and Wilhelm Furtwängler.

Frank Schlesinger was an American astronomer who pioneered in the use of photography to map stellar positions and to measure stellar parallaxes, from which the most direct determinations of distance can be made. From 1899 to 1903 Schlesinger was in charge of the International Latitude Observatory

Herbert Charles Brown: Early life and education: …dissertation, under the direction of Hermann Schlesinger, involved the reaction of diborane with aldehydes and ketones. It was the beginning of a lifetime’s devotion to organoborane chemistry. (Boron-hydrogen compounds and their derivatives are known as borane.) Postdoctoral study of the chlorosulfonation of alkanes (hydrocarbon compounds with only single

John Schlesinger was an English film director known for a wide variety of sensitively told stories set in his homeland and in the United States. Schlesinger’s father was a pediatrician, and both of his parents were accomplished musicians who encouraged his interest in the arts. He received a home

John Schlesinger was an English film director known for a wide variety of sensitively told stories set in his homeland and in the United States. Schlesinger’s father was a pediatrician, and both of his parents were accomplished musicians who encouraged his interest in the arts. He received a home

Western architecture: Construction in iron and glass: …the Schlesinger-Mayer Department Store (later Carson Pirie Scott) in Chicago (1898–1904), in which the towered corner marked the climax of the logic of the steel frame and the entrance was made inviting with rich, naturalistic ornament. At the very end of the 19th century, the important emblem of modern commerce…

Karl von Holtei: Also successful were his Schlesische Gedichte (1830; “Silesian Poems”), written in his native dialect. He also wrote novels, including Die Vagabunden (1851; “The Vagabonds”) and Der letzte Komödiant (1863; “The Last Comedian”), that are interesting when they draw on his own experience but suffer from loose construction and superficial…

Schleswig, historic and cultural region occupying the southern part of the Jutland Peninsula north of the Eider River. It encompasses the northern half of Schleswig-Holstein Land (state) in northern Germany and Sønderjylland region in southern Denmark. Schleswig became a Danish duchy in the 12th

Schleswig, city, Schleswig-Holstein Land (state), northern Germany. The city forms a semicircle around the head of the Schlei, a narrow inlet of the Baltic Sea that affords access to small vessels, northwest of Kiel. First mentioned in 804–808 as Sliesthorp (and later as Sliaswich), the town was in

Schleswig faience, tin-glazed earthenware made from 1755 to 1814 at the town of Schleswig in the Danish duchy of Schleswig (now the Land [state] of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany). The faience factory was set up by Johann Christian Ludwig von Lücke, a German artist-potter from Meissen, Saxony.

Schleswig-Holstein, Land (state) located in northwestern Germany. Schleswig-Holstein extends from the lower course of the Elbe River and the state of Hamburg northward to Denmark and thus occupies the southern third of the Jutland Peninsula. Along its eastern coast is the Baltic Sea, and along its

Schleswig-Holstein question, 19th-century controversy between Denmark, Prussia, and Austria over the status of Schleswig and Holstein. At this time the population of Schleswig was Danish in its northern portion, German in the south, and mixed in the northern towns and centre. The population of

Schleswig-Holstein: Geography: Schleswig-Holstein Wattenmeer (Wadden Sea) National Park protects the tidal flats and coastal wetlands along the state’s west coast and, together with Wattenmeer National Park of Lower Saxony and the Waddenzee conservation area in the Netherlands, was inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2009.

Schleswig-Holstein: Geography: Schleswig-Holstein Wattenmeer (Wadden Sea) National Park protects the tidal flats and coastal wetlands along the state’s west coast and, together with Wattenmeer National Park of Lower Saxony and the Waddenzee conservation area in the Netherlands, was inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2009.

Alexandra was the queen consort of King Edward VII of Great Britain. The eldest daughter of Christian IX of Denmark, Alexandra was married to Edward (then Albert Edward, prince of Wales) in St. George’s Chapel, Windsor, on March 10, 1863. The exceptional beauty and graceful manner of the princess

Battle of Santiago de Cuba: Sampson and Commodore Winfield S. Schley.

Volapük: …language constructed in 1880 by Johann Martin Schleyer, a German cleric, and intended for use as an international second language. Although its vocabulary is based on English and the Romance languages, the word roots in Volapük have been modified to such a degree that they are virtually unrecognizable; for example,…

Moritz Schlick was a German logical empiricist philosopher and a leader of the European school of positivist philosophers known as the Vienna Circle. After studies in physics at Heidelberg, Lausanne, Switzerland, and Berlin, where he studied with the German physicist Max Planck, Schlick earned his

Schlieffen Plan, battle plan first proposed in 1905 by Alfred, Graf (count) von Schlieffen, chief of the German general staff, that was designed to allow Germany to wage a successful two-front war. The plan was heavily modified by Schlieffen’s successor, Helmuth von Moltke, prior to and during its

Alfred von Schlieffen was a German officer and head of the general staff who developed the plan of attack (Schlieffen Plan) that the German armies used, with significant modifications, at the outbreak of World War I. Schlieffen, the son of a Prussian general, entered the army in 1854. He soon moved

Alfred von Schlieffen was a German officer and head of the general staff who developed the plan of attack (Schlieffen Plan) that the German armies used, with significant modifications, at the outbreak of World War I. Schlieffen, the son of a Prussian general, entered the army in 1854. He soon moved

Heinrich Schliemann was a German archaeologist and excavator of Troy, Mycenae, and Tiryns. He is sometimes considered to be the modern discoverer of prehistoric Greece, though scholarship in the late 20th and early 21st centuries revealed that much self-mythologizing was involved in establishing

Heinrich Schliemann was a German archaeologist and excavator of Troy, Mycenae, and Tiryns. He is sometimes considered to be the modern discoverer of prehistoric Greece, though scholarship in the late 20th and early 21st centuries revealed that much self-mythologizing was involved in establishing

tektite: Form and markings: …system of contorted layers (schlieren) extending through the tektite and corresponding to variations in the silica content. They grade into the layering of the Muong-Nong tektites.

Volker Schlöndorff is a German film director and screenwriter who was a leading member of the postwar cinema movement in West Germany. Schlöndorff studied filmmaking in Paris, serving as an assistant to directors Louis Malle, Alain Resnais, and Jean-Pierre Melville. After directing several projects

Willibald Alexis: …more ambitious and original novel Schloss Avalon (1827). Although his home was in Berlin, where he edited the Berliner Konversationsblatt (1827–35) and contributed essays and reviews to literary journals, he traveled widely in Europe and recounted his experiences in travel books, among them Herbstreise durch Skandinavien (1828; “Autumn Journey Through…

Colditz Castle, German prisoner-of-war camp in World War II, the site of many daring escape attempts by Allied officers. The castle sits on a steep hill overlooking the Mulde River as it flows through the small Saxon town of Colditz, about 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Leipzig. A former residence

Arthur David Waley was an English sinologist whose outstanding translations of Chinese and Japanese literary classics into English had a profound effect on such modern poets as W.B. Yeats and Ezra Pound. (The family name was changed from Schloss to Waley, his mother’s maiden name, at the outset of

The Castle, allegorical novel by Franz Kafka, published posthumously in German as Das Schloss in 1926. The setting of the novel is a village dominated by a castle. Time seems to have stopped in this wintry landscape, and nearly all the scenes occur in the dark. K., the otherwise nameless

William Castle was an American director known for the innovative marketing techniques he used to promote his B-horror movies. He began his entertainment career as an actor in Off-Broadway productions, and he later directed a well-received stage version of Bram Stoker’s novel Dracula. During this

Graz: …probably a fortress on the Schlossberg (“Castle Hill”), a rocky cone some 1,550 feet (470 metres) high that dominates the city. The name Graz is derived from gradec, a Slavic word meaning “small fortress.” First mentioned about 1128–29, it received town rights about 1240 and became the centre of Steiermark…

Chemnitz: The Schlossberg Museum in the former Benedictine monastery (1136) includes a late Gothic hall church with valuable sculptures. Chemnitz has an opera house, several museums (including the Museum of Saxon Vehicles and a city art gallery), and a municipal zoo with an amphibian house. It is…

Friedrich Schlosser was a historian and teacher whose universal histories stressing a moralistic and judgmental approach to the past were the most popular historical works in Germany before the rise of Leopold von Ranke and his demands for more scientific standards of scholarship. Schlosser was the

artiodactyl: Critical appraisal: …classification proposed by German zoologist Max Schlosser, some authorities have grouped the Bovinae, Cephalophinae, and Hippotragineae as the Boödontia and the Alcelaphinae, Antilopinae, and Caprinae as the Aegodontia, to indicate phyletic lines believed to have arisen early in bovid history. Boödonts and aegodonts have evolved differently in Africa and Eurasia,…

Lower Saxony: National parks and cultural life: …Stadttheater; and in Celle, the Schlosstheater, whose plays are performed in a fine Baroque building dating from 1674. In recognition of their Romanesque architecture and art, St. Mary’s Cathedral and St. Michael’s Church in Hildesheim were designated UNESCO World Heritage sites in 1985.

textual criticism: Critical methods: …as the 18th-century German historian A.L. von Schlözer: that each case is special. The critic must begin by defining the problem presented by his particular material and the consequent limitations of his inquiry. Everything that is said below about “method” must be understood in the light of this general proviso.…

Herbert Lom was a Czech actor whose brooding looks and versatility allowed him a highly diverse screen career, though he was perhaps best known for his work in the Pink Panther film series. Lom was born to a titled but fading aristocratic family. Sources differ on his birth date, giving either

Conrad Schlumberger and Marcel Schlumberger: Conrad graduated from the École Polytechnique in Paris in 1900. He taught physics at the École Supérieure des Mines, also in Paris, from 1907, interrupting his academic career during World War I (1914–18) to serve as an artillery officer in the French army. Marcel studied…

Conrad Schlumberger and Marcel Schlumberger were French brothers, geophysicists and petroleum engineers noted for their invention, in 1927, of a method of continuous electric logging of boreholes. Their application of physics for use in geology brought major and universally adopted changes in

Conrad Schlumberger and Marcel Schlumberger: Marcel studied engineering at the École Centrale in Paris, graduating in 1907, and in 1909 he went to work for foreign mining interests owned by his wife’s family; he too served in the army during the war.

Schlumbergera, genus of six species of spineless cacti (family Cactaceae) native to rainforests in Brazil. The plants grow as epiphytes, mainly on trees or shrubs but sometimes in shady places among rocks. Several species are grown for their striking elongated flowers. Members of the genus are

Christmas cactus, (hybrid Schlumbergera ×buckleyi), popular cactus of the family Cactaceae that has flattened stems and is grown for its striking cerise flowers, blooming indoors about Christmastime in the Northern Hemisphere. Most Christmas cacti now in cultivation are considered to be hybrids of

Easter cactus, (Hatiora gaertneri), popular spring-flowering cactus (family Cactaceae), grown for its bright red blossoms that appear about Easter time in the Northern Hemisphere. The related dwarf Easter cactus (Hatiora rosea) is a diminutive plant with abundant fragrant rose-pink flowers and is

Christmas cactus: …truncata, formerly Epiphyllum truncatum) and S. russelliana. Like other Schlumbergera species, it is native to Brazil, where it grows as an epiphyte in rainforests, mainly on trees or shrubs but sometimes in shady places among rocks. The alternative genus name, Zygocactus, is frequently encountered.

Christmas cactus: …Thanksgiving, or crab, cactus (Schlumbergera truncata, formerly Epiphyllum truncatum) and S. russelliana. Like other Schlumbergera species, it is native to Brazil, where it grows as an epiphyte in rainforests, mainly on trees or shrubs but sometimes in shady places among rocks. The alternative genus name, Zygocactus, is frequently encountered.

Colossus: …that the British code-named “Tunny.” Tunny was the Schlüsselzusatz (SZ) cipher attachment, manufactured by Berlin engineering company C. Lorenz AG. Tunny sent its messages in binary code—packets of zeroes and ones resembling the binary code used inside present-day computers.

Andreas Schlüter was a sculptor and architect, the first important master of the late Baroque style in Germany, noted for infusing the bravura style of Baroque sculpture with a tense, personal quality. Schlüter’s early life is obscure, but he received training in Danzig and was active in Warsaw

Denmark: Postwar politics: …leader of the Conservative Party, Poul Schlüter, formed a minority government with three other center-right parties: the Liberals, the Center Democrats, and the Christian People’s Party. Together, they had only 66 seats in the Folketing.

Schmalkaldic Articles, one of the confessions of faith of Lutheranism, written by Martin Luther in 1536. The articles were prepared as the result of a bull issued by Pope Paul III calling for a general council of the Roman Catholic Church to deal with the Reformation movement. (The council was

Schmalkaldic League, during the Reformation, a defensive alliance formed by Protestant territories of the Holy Roman Empire to defend themselves collectively against any attempt to enforce the recess of the Diet of Augsburg in 1530, which gave the Protestant territories a deadline by which to

Czechoslovak history: Religious tensions in Bohemia: …these problems arose during the Schmalkaldic War (1546–47), fought between the Habsburgs and the Schmalkaldic League, a defensive alliance formed by Protestant territories of the Holy Roman Empire. The Bohemian estates wavered considerably in their loyalty to the empire, and so, after the Habsburg victory at Mühlberg (April 1547), Ferdinand…

Schmalkaldic League, during the Reformation, a defensive alliance formed by Protestant territories of the Holy Roman Empire to defend themselves collectively against any attempt to enforce the recess of the Diet of Augsburg in 1530, which gave the Protestant territories a deadline by which to

bunyavirus: Schmallenberg virus, which belongs to Orthobunyavirus, causes congenital malformations and stillbirths in ruminants, including cattle and sheep. It was first isolated in 2011, when a mysterious illness characterized by diarrhea, fever, and reduced milk production struck dairy cattle in Germany. Its primary vector appears to…

writing: Sumerian writing: The French American archaeologist Denise Schmandt-Besserat, building on a hypothesis advanced by the Assyriologist Pierre Amiet of the Louvre, demonstrated a series of small steps leading from the use of tokens for simple bookkeeping purposes to the development of written tablets on which graphs of the script stand for…

pharmacology: …19th century by the German Oswald Schmeiderberg (1838–1921). He defined its purpose, wrote a textbook of pharmacology, helped to found the first pharmacological journal, and, most importantly, headed a school at Strasbourg that became the nucleus from which independent departments of pharmacology were established in universities throughout the world. In…

small arm: The submachine gun: …Pistole 1918 Bergmann, designed by Hugo Schmeisser and employed by the Germans during the last few months of the war. The barrel of the MP18 was less than eight inches long, and it was chambered for 9-mm rounds introduced in 1908 for Parabellum, or Luger, pistols. It operated under a…

Bethanie: In 1814 Heinrich Schmelen, a missionary of the London Missionary Society, established at Bethanie the first mission station in southwestern Africa. The mission was set up for the Nama (local Khoekhoe) and the Oorlams (people of white and Khoekhoe ancestry who arrived with Schmelen from the Cape…

Gertrud Elisabeth Mara was a German soprano of great technical ability, who was one of the few non-Italians of the time to gain a great international reputation. A child prodigy, Schmeling gave violin recitals accompanied by her father, a violin maker, in Vienna and London, where at the age of 10

Max Schmeling was a German heavyweight boxer who, from June 12, 1930, when Jack Sharkey lost to him by disqualification, until June 21, 1932, when he was outpointed by Sharkey in 15 rounds, held the world heavyweight boxing title, the first European to do so. (Read Gene Tunney’s 1929 Britannica

Max Schmeling was a German heavyweight boxer who, from June 12, 1930, when Jack Sharkey lost to him by disqualification, until June 21, 1932, when he was outpointed by Sharkey in 15 rounds, held the world heavyweight boxing title, the first European to do so. (Read Gene Tunney’s 1929 Britannica

sonata: Early development outside Italy: …influence was the Austrian composer Johann Heinrich Schmelzer. In Nürnberg in 1659 he published a set of trio sonatas for strings, following it in 1662 with a set for mixed strings and wind instruments, and in 1664 with what may have been the first set of sonatas for unaccompanied violin.…

Anton, Ritter (knight) von Schmerling was an Austrian statesman who served as imperial minister of the interior; he was the principal author of the February Patent (1861), which provided the first period of sustained constitutional government for the Habsburg Empire. An opponent of the conservative

Brenda Starr: In 1985 Chicago Tribune columnist Mary Schmich took on full-time writing duties, and she was joined by artists Ramona Fradon (1985–95) and June Brigman (1995–2011). Schmich and Brigman concluded their run on Brenda Starr in January 2011, and the final strip featured Brenda leaving her reporting job at The Flash.…

Ferdinand Lassalle: Legacy: …the German Social Democratic leader Carlo Schmid, a Lassalle “who in place of scientific analysis constantly fixed his sights on the true aim on history’s horizon: the liberation of man from the position of object and the elimination of man’s alienation from himself through the power of his own will.”

Schmidt telescope, telescope in which a spherical primary mirror receives light that has passed through a thin aspherical lens, called a correcting plate, that compensates for the image distortions—namely, spherical aberrations—produced by the mirror. The Schmidt telescope is thus a catadioptric

Schmidt sting pain index, measure of the relative amount of pain that various insects of the order Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps, etc.) can cause humans, with both numerical ratings and sommelier-like verbal descriptions. The Schmidt sting pain index bears the name of its creator, American

myxedema: …cortices (Addison disease; also called Schmidt syndrome).

Schmidt telescope, telescope in which a spherical primary mirror receives light that has passed through a thin aspherical lens, called a correcting plate, that compensates for the image distortions—namely, spherical aberrations—produced by the mirror. The Schmidt telescope is thus a catadioptric

magnetometer: The Schmidt vertical-field balance, a relative magnetometer used in geophysical exploration, uses a horizontally balanced bar magnet equipped with mirror and knife edges.

Arno Schmidt was a novelist, translator, and critic, whose experimental prose established him as the preeminent Modernist of 20th-century German literature. With roots in both German Romanticism and Expressionism, he attempted to develop modern prose forms that correspond more closely to the

Bernhard Voldemar Schmidt was an optical instrument maker who invented the telescope named for him. This instrument is widely used to photograph large sections of the sky because of its large field of view and its fine image definition. Schmidt worked as a telegraph operator, photographer, and

Brian P. Schmidt is an astronomer who was awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery of dark energy, a repulsive force that is the dominant component (73 percent) of the universe. He shared the prize with American physicist Saul Perlmutter and astronomer Adam Riess. Schmidt holds

Eric Schmidt is an American information technology executive who served (2001–11) as chairman and CEO of Google Inc., overseeing a vast expansion of the company’s activities. In March 2025 he joined aerospace start-up Relativity Space, Inc. as CEO. Schmidt grew up in Blacksburg, Virginia, where his

Eric Schmidt is an American information technology executive who served (2001–11) as chairman and CEO of Google Inc., overseeing a vast expansion of the company’s activities. In March 2025 he joined aerospace start-up Relativity Space, Inc. as CEO. Schmidt grew up in Blacksburg, Virginia, where his

Western architecture: Germany and central Europe: Friedrich Schmidt, who had worked under Zwirner at Cologne, was the leading revivalist. He built no fewer than eight churches in Vienna, ranging in date from the church of the Lazarists (1860–62) to St. Severinus Church (1877–78). The most ambitious is the Fünfhaus parish church…

prosody: Quantitative metres: …Ode,” by the 19th-century poet Hans Schmidt, which was beautifully set to music by Johannes Brahms (Opus 94, No. 4):

Battle of Iwo Jima: Battle: Harry Schmidt took charge of Marine operations. He fielded the largely veteran 3rd, 4th, and 5th Marine divisions, totaling some 70,000 troops. U.S. intelligence had reported only 13,000 Japanese defenders and excellent beach terrain for landing, so planners chose to have the Marines land on…

Helmut Schmidt was a Social Democratic politician who was chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982. He later was copublisher (1983–2015) of the influential weekly Die Zeit. Schmidt, who was the son of a half-Jewish teacher, served in the Wehrmacht (German Army) during World War II. He was

Helmut Schmidt was a Social Democratic politician who was chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982. He later was copublisher (1983–2015) of the influential weekly Die Zeit. Schmidt, who was the son of a half-Jewish teacher, served in the Wehrmacht (German Army) during World War II. He was

Max Stirner was a German antistatist philosopher in whose writings many anarchists of the late 19th and the 20th centuries found ideological inspiration. His thought is sometimes regarded as a source of 20th-century existentialism. After teaching in a girls’ preparatory school in Berlin, Stirner

eel: Natural history: …to 1930, a Danish biologist, Johannes Schmidt, established the early life history of the European (Anguilla anguilla) and American freshwater eels (A. rostrata) and claimed that both species reproduced within the Sargasso Sea before using ocean currents to disperse to their respective freshwater habitats in Europe and North America. Although…

linguistics: Criticisms of the comparative method: In 1872 a German scholar, Johannes Schmidt, criticized the family-tree theory and proposed instead what is referred to as the wave theory, according to which different linguistic changes will spread, like waves, from a politically, commercially, or culturally important centre along the main lines of communication, but successive innovations will…

athletics: The triple jump: …and set five world records; Jozef Schmidt (Poland), also a two-time Olympic champion, set a record in 1960 of 17.03 meters (55 feet 10.5 inches) and was the first to go over the 17-meter barrier; and Viktor Saneyev (U.S.S.R.) had three world records and three Olympic wins and one second…

Karl Schmidt-Rottluff was a German painter and printmaker who was noted for his Expressionist landscapes and nudes. In 1905 Schmidt-Rottluff began to study architecture in Dresden, Germany, where he and his friend Erich Heckel met Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Fritz Bleyl, two other architecture

Karl P. Schmidt was a U.S. zoologist whose international reputation derived from the principles of animal ecology he established through his theoretical studies and fieldwork. He was also a leading authority on herpetology, contributing significantly to the scientific literature on amphibians and

Käthe Kollwitz was a German graphic artist and sculptor who was an eloquent advocate for victims of social injustice, war, and inhumanity. The artist grew up in a liberal middle-class family and studied painting in Berlin (1884–85) and Munich (1888–89). Impressed by the prints of fellow artist Max

Maarten Schmidt was a Dutch-born American astronomer whose identification of the wavelengths of the radiation emitted by quasars (quasi-stellar objects) led to the theory that they may be among the most distant, as well as the oldest, objects ever observed. Schmidt was educated at the universities

Mike Schmidt is a retired professional baseball player, one of the finest all-around third basemen in Major League Baseball (MLB) history. He spent his entire career with the National League Philadelphia Phillies. Schmidt played college baseball in Ohio and was drafted by the Phillies in 1971.

Mike Schmidt is a retired professional baseball player, one of the finest all-around third basemen in Major League Baseball (MLB) history. He spent his entire career with the National League Philadelphia Phillies. Schmidt played college baseball in Ohio and was drafted by the Phillies in 1971.

Wilhelm Schmidt was a German anthropologist and Roman Catholic priest who led the influential cultural-historical European school of ethnology. He was a member of the Society of the Divine Word missionary order. Schmidt was early influenced by such anthropologists as Franz Boas and Edward

Wilhelm Schmidt was a German anthropologist and Roman Catholic priest who led the influential cultural-historical European school of ethnology. He was a member of the Society of the Divine Word missionary order. Schmidt was early influenced by such anthropologists as Franz Boas and Edward

Schmidt telescope: The Schmidt-Maksutov telescope, invented by Russian optician Dmitry D. Maksutov in 1941, is similar in design and purpose to the Schmidt telescope but has a spherical meniscus, a lens in which one side is concave and the other is convex, in place of the correcting plate…

nasal gland: Schmidt-Nielsen and coworkers solved the long-standing problem of how oceanic birds can live without fresh water. They found that a gland, located above each eye, removes sodium chloride from the blood far more efficiently than does the avian kidney and excretes it as brine through…

Karl Schmidt-Rottluff was a German painter and printmaker who was noted for his Expressionist landscapes and nudes. In 1905 Schmidt-Rottluff began to study architecture in Dresden, Germany, where he and his friend Erich Heckel met Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Fritz Bleyl, two other architecture

cottage cheese, fresh, soft, unripened cheese consisting of curds of varying sizes, usually mixed with some whey or cream. It is white and mild but faintly sour in taste. In commercial cheese making, the curds are derived from pasteurized skim milk or reconstituted, low-fat milk products. The whey