Budd Schulberg: …of the Hollywood motion-picture producer Benjamin Percival (“B.P.”) Schulberg (1892–1957), who for many years was production chief at Paramount Pictures, Schulberg grew up in Hollywood and became a “reader” and then a screenwriter after completing his education at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, in 1936. He began to write and…

Budd Schulberg: …of the Hollywood motion-picture producer Benjamin Percival (“B.P.”) Schulberg (1892–1957), who for many years was production chief at Paramount Pictures, Schulberg grew up in Hollywood and became a “reader” and then a screenwriter after completing his education at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, in 1936. He began to write and…

Budd Schulberg was an American novelist, screenwriter, and journalist who was best known for the novel What Makes Sammy Run? (1941) and for the screenplay for the movie On the Waterfront (1954). The son of the Hollywood motion-picture producer Benjamin Percival (“B.P.”) Schulberg (1892–1957), who

Budd Schulberg was an American novelist, screenwriter, and journalist who was best known for the novel What Makes Sammy Run? (1941) and for the screenplay for the movie On the Waterfront (1954). The son of the Hollywood motion-picture producer Benjamin Percival (“B.P.”) Schulberg (1892–1957), who

Adolf Müllner: … (1812; “February 29”) and especially Die Schuld (1813; “The Debt”), Müllner became a representative of the fate dramatists, and for several years fate tragedies modeled on Die Schuld dominated the German stage. Müllner also edited various journals and had a reputation as a vigorous if somewhat acrimonious critic. In the…

Karl Jaspers: Postwar development of thought: …political works, Die Schuldfrage (1946; The Question of German Guilt, 1947), he stated that whoever had participated actively in the preparation or execution of war crimes and crimes against humanity was morally guilty. Those, however, who passively tolerated these happenings because they did not want to become victims of Nazism…

Oskar Kokoschka: World War II and after: …established an annual seminar called Schule des Sehens (“School of Seeing”) at the International Summer Academy for Visual Arts in Salzburg, Austria. He also completed a second mythological trilogy, Thermopylae (1954). In the 1950s Kokoschka designed tapestries and theatrical scenery and worked increasingly in lithography. He also continued his political…

Ehrengarde Melusina, duchess of Kendal was the mistress of the English king George I who had considerable political influence during his reign. She was a close friend of Robert Walpole, who said that she was “as much queen of England as ever any was.” The daughter of Gustavus Adolphus, Graf (count)

pendulum: Another type is the Schuler pendulum. When the Schuler pendulum is vertically suspended, it remains aligned to the local vertical even if the point from which it is suspended is accelerated parallel to Earth’s surface. This principle of the Schuler pendulum is applied in some inertial guidance systems to…

spectroscopy: Line sources: Other examples are hollow cathode lamps and electrodeless lamps driven by microwave radiation. If specific atomic lines are desired, a small amount of the desired element is introduced in the discharge.

Else Lasker-Schüler was a German poet, short-story writer, playwright, and novelist of the early 20th century. Of Jewish parentage, Schüler settled in Berlin after her marriage to the physician Berthold Lasker in 1894 (divorced 1903). In Berlin she frequented avant-garde literary circles, and her

gyrocompass: …possible through the efforts of Max Schuler, who developed the principles on which a practical shipborne gyrocompass depends. This compass was a marvel of mechanical ingenuity. In 1911 Elmer Sperry in the United States produced a gyrocompass that was easier to manufacture. In England, Sidney George Brown, working with John…

Gunther Schuller was an American composer, performer, conductor, teacher, and writer noted for his wide range of activity in both jazz and classical music and for his works embracing both jazz and advanced 12-tone elements. Schuller was born into a family of musicians. His grandfather was a

Karl Schulmeister was the chief of espionage for Napoleon I. Throughout his life Schulmeister nurtured the curious conviction that he was descended from Hungarian nobility, although his father was just a poor country parson. In his youth he entered business in a small way, and, like many others in

Ernest I: …set of school regulations entitled Schulmethodus (“School Method”; 1642; revised 1648, 1658, 1662, 1672), compiled under his direction, instituted such ideas as compulsory education, grading, and an enlarged curriculum to embrace sciences, civics, and other “useful” subjects. He also established the ducal library of Gotha and generally, through his patronage,…

Christopher Dock: …for posthumous publication, his manuscript, Schulordnung (“School Management”), was published in 1770, a year before his death. The volume proved very influential and went into a second edition the same year; it was republished as late as 1861 in German, and it continued to be published in English well into…

discus throw: …the 70-meter (230-foot) mark; German Jürgen Schult, who broke the world’s record for discus throw in 1986 with a 74.08-meter (243.04-foot) throw; German Lisel Westermann, the first woman to break the 200-foot mark; and Russian Faina Melnik, who broke the 70-meter mark in women’s competition.

Dieter Schulte German labour leader who served as chairman of the German Trade Union Federation (Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund; DGB) from 1994 to 2002, best known for organizing large protest rallies. Schulte worked as an apprentice bricklayer and laid furnace bricks for the steel giant Thyssen

Michael Praetorius was a German music theorist and composer whose Syntagma musicum (1614–20) is a principal source for knowledge of 17th-century music and whose settings of Lutheran chorales are important examples of early 17th-century religious music. He studied at Frankfurt an der Oder and was

primate: Infancy: According to Adolph Schultz, the Swiss anthropologist whose comparative anatomic studies have illuminated knowledge of nonhuman primates since the mid-20th century, the juvenile period of psychological maternal dependency is 2 1 2 years in lemurs, 6 years in monkeys, 7–8 years in most apes (though it now…

Sherrod Brown: Brown later wed (2004) Connie Schultz, a Plain Dealer columnist who won a Pulitzer Prize in 2005; the couple had two children.

Philadelphia Flyers: …Clarke, winger Bill Barber, and Dave (“the Hammer”) Schultz—a rough-and-tumble winger who became the most notable enforcer on the team—Philadelphia won two Stanley Cups during this period (1974 and 1975), and the team’s bruising style of play ushered in a new era in the NHL during which other teams increasingly…

John du Pont: …shot and killed freestyle wrestler Dave Schultz, an Olympic gold medalist who lived and trained at du Pont’s estate. Du Pont was convicted though found to be mentally ill.

Dutch Schultz was an American gangster of the 1920s and ’30s who ran bootlegging and other rackets in New York City. Born in the Bronx, Schultz took his alias from an old-time Bronx gangster and advanced from burglaries to bootlegging, ownership of breweries and speakeasies, and policy rackets in

Henry Schultz was an early Polish-born American econometrician and statistician. Schultz received his Ph.D. from Columbia University (1926), where he studied under such economists as Edwin Seligman and Wesley C. Mitchell, but his most important influence was the econometrician Henry L. Moore, under

Howard Schultz is an American businessman who served as CEO (1987–2000, 2008–17, 2022– ) of Starbucks, a coffeehouse chain that he helped transform into a worldwide presence. Schultz was a communications graduate (B.S., 1975) of Northern Michigan University. He joined the Seattle-based Starbucks in

Torbjörn Oskar Caspersson: …1930s American geneticist and biochemist Jack Schultz joined Caspersson’s laboratory, and together they studied nucleic acids. In these studies, Caspersson united principles of cell biology and biochemistry with techniques such as spectroscopy and ultraviolet microscopy. Following several years of cytogenetic research, Caspersson and Schultz concluded that RNA (ribonucleic acid) must…

Theodore William Schultz was an American agricultural economist whose influential studies of the role of “human capital”—education, talent, energy, and will—in economic development won him a share (with Sir Arthur Lewis) of the 1979 Nobel Prize for Economics. Schultz graduated from South Dakota

explosive: Nitrocellulosic explosives: About 1860 Major E. Schultze of the Prussian army produced a useful nitrocellulosic propellant. He nitrated small pieces of wood by placing them in nitric acid and then, after removing the acid, impregnated the pieces with barium and potassium nitrates. The purpose of the latter was to provide…

Max Schultze was a German zoologist and cytologist who defined the cell as a mass of protoplasm with a nucleus (1861) and recognized protoplasm, with its nucleus, as a fundamental substance found in both plants and animals. Schultze was lecturer in anatomy at the University of Halle but left in

Polish literature: Literature in independent Poland: …reflecting subtleties of perception was Bruno Schulz, author of Sklepy cynamonowe (1934; Cinnamon Shops), with prose reminiscent of Franz Kafka.

Charles Schulz was an American cartoonist who created Peanuts, one of the most successful American comic strips of the mid-20th century. Schulz, the son of a barber, studied cartooning in an art correspondence school after graduating in 1940 from high school. He served in the army from 1943 to 1945

Jerzy Buzek: …2012 and was replaced by Martin Schulz of Germany’s Social Democratic Party.

drawing: Pen drawings: …of the 20th-century German artist Wols (Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schulze), which are sensitive to the slightest stirring of the hand, this theme leads to a new dimension transcending all traditional concepts of a representational art of drawing.

skepticism: The 18th century: G.E. Schulze (or Schulze-Aenesidemus), a notable critic of Kantianism, insisted that, on Kant’s theory, no one could know any objective truths about anything; he could only know the subjective necessity of his own views. The Jewish critic Salomon Maimon contended that, though there are such…

history of photography: Antecedents: …the German professor of anatomy Johann Heinrich Schulze proved that the darkening of silver salts, a phenomenon known since the 16th century and possibly earlier, was caused by light and not heat. He demonstrated the fact by using sunlight to record words on the salts, but he made no attempt…

skepticism: The 18th century: G.E. Schulze (or Schulze-Aenesidemus), a notable critic of Kantianism, insisted that, on Kant’s theory, no one could know any objective truths about anything; he could only know the subjective necessity of his own views. The Jewish critic Salomon Maimon contended that, though there are such…

Anne and Frank Hummert: In 1927 Anne (originally Anne Schumacher) began working as a copywriter for the Chicago advertising agency co-owned by Frank; they married in 1934. As radio entered its golden age, the Hummerts began to write soap operas. Their Just Plain Bill (1932–55), The Romance of Helen Trent (1933–60),…

E.F. Schumacher was a German-born British economist who developed the concepts of “intermediate technology” and “small is beautiful.” As a German Rhodes scholar in the early 1930s, E.F. Schumacher studied at the University of Oxford and Columbia University. He and his wife settled in England in

E.F. Schumacher was a German-born British economist who developed the concepts of “intermediate technology” and “small is beautiful.” As a German Rhodes scholar in the early 1930s, E.F. Schumacher studied at the University of Oxford and Columbia University. He and his wife settled in England in

Kurt Schumacher was a German politician and the first chairman of the revived Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands; SPD) after World War II. Schumacher, the son of a merchant, was educated at the universities of Halle, Berlin, and Münster. After serving in

Michael Schumacher is a German race-car driver who set records for the most Formula One (F1) Grand Prix race victories (91, later broken by Lewis Hamilton) and F1 series championships (seven, later tied by Hamilton). As a youth, Schumacher became interested in go-kart racing, an enthusiasm that was

Zaha Hadid: Other projects and notable awards: Her business partner, Patrik Schumacher, who assumed leadership of her firm, assured the completion of existing commissions and the procurement of new ones. Indeed, such projects as the Antwerp Port House (2016), the King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center (2017; KAPSARC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and the Al…

Peder Schumacher, count af Griffenfeld was a Danish statesman of the 17th century. He was born Peder Schumacher to a wealthy Copenhagen family. After study and travel abroad in 1654–62, he returned to enter state service as royal librarian. Soon winning the favour of the absolutist king Frederick

Schuman Plan, proposal by French foreign minister Robert Schuman on May 9, 1950, for the creation of a single authority to control the production of steel and coal in France and West Germany (now Germany), to be opened for membership to other European countries. The proposal was realized in the

international relations: Between the two world wars: …short-lived theory of international relations; Frederick L. Schuman, setting a style that is still followed by interpreters of foreign policy and by journalists, synthesized analytic commentary with accounts of current international events; Quincy Wright investigated numerous aspects of international behaviour and war as head of one of the first team…

Robert Schuman was a Luxembourgian-born French statesman who founded the European Coal and Steel Community and worked for economic and political unity designed to lead to the establishment of a “United States of Europe.” Schuman, a member of the French National Assembly from 1919, was arrested by

William Schuman was an American composer, educator, and administrator whose symphonies, ballets, and chamber music are noted for their adaptation of European models to American themes. Schuman studied harmony and composition at Malkin Conservatory, New York City, and then studied at Teachers

William Schuman was an American composer, educator, and administrator whose symphonies, ballets, and chamber music are noted for their adaptation of European models to American themes. Schuman studied harmony and composition at Malkin Conservatory, New York City, and then studied at Teachers

circus: Equestrian acts: The Danish Schumann family, for many years directors of the permanent circus in Copenhagen, excelled in high school and also exhibited many fine liberty-horse acts. The Schumanns built their first circus in 1914 and were still among the most renowned international circus families in the early 21st…

Clara Schumann was a German pianist, composer, and wife of composer Robert Schumann. Encouraged by her father, she studied piano from the age of five and by 1835 had established a reputation throughout Europe as a child prodigy. In 1838 she was honoured by the Austrian court and also was elected to

Elisabeth Schumann was a German-born American soprano known for her interpretation of lieder and of the music of W.A. Mozart and Richard Strauss. Schumann made her debut in Germany at the Hamburg Opera in 1910 and stayed with the company until 1919. She made her New York debut at the Metropolitan

Robert Schumann was a German Romantic composer renowned particularly for his piano music, songs (lieder), and orchestral music. Many of his best-known piano pieces were written for his wife, the pianist Clara Schumann. Schumann’s father was a bookseller and publisher. After four years at a private

Robert Schumann was a German Romantic composer renowned particularly for his piano music, songs (lieder), and orchestral music. Many of his best-known piano pieces were written for his wife, the pianist Clara Schumann. Schumann’s father was a bookseller and publisher. After four years at a private

Ernestine Schumann-Heink was an Austrian contralto who was one of the principal interpreters of the operas of Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss before the outbreak of World War I. Schumann-Heink made her debut in Dresden, Germany, in 1878 as Azucena in Giuseppe Verdi’s Il trovatore. She sang in

Marantaceae: Major genera and species: Murta, or Indian matcane (Schumannianthus dichotomus), is used traditionally for bed mats and baskets in parts of south Asia.

Amy Schumer is an American comedian and actress whose pointed self-deprecating humor brought her success on stage and screen. Perhaps the most frequent topics of her often raunchy comedy are relationship issues, body image, and the challenges faced by professional women in the 21st century. Schumer

Chuck Schumer is an American politician who was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate in 1998 and began representing New York in that body the following year. He served as the Senate’s minority leader (2017–21) before becoming majority leader in 2021. Schumer was previously a member of the U.S.

Chuck Schumer is an American politician who was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate in 1998 and began representing New York in that body the following year. He served as the Senate’s minority leader (2017–21) before becoming majority leader in 2021. Schumer was previously a member of the U.S.

Michael Schumacher is a German race-car driver who set records for the most Formula One (F1) Grand Prix race victories (91, later broken by Lewis Hamilton) and F1 series championships (seven, later tied by Hamilton). As a youth, Schumacher became interested in go-kart racing, an enthusiasm that was

Joseph Schumpeter was a Moravian-born American economist and sociologist known for his theories of capitalist development and business cycles. Schumpeter was educated in Vienna and taught at the universities of Czernowitz, Graz, and Bonn before joining the faculty of Harvard University (1932–50).

Joseph Schumpeter was a Moravian-born American economist and sociologist known for his theories of capitalist development and business cycles. Schumpeter was educated in Vienna and taught at the universities of Czernowitz, Graz, and Bonn before joining the faculty of Harvard University (1932–50).

Joseph Schumpeter was a Moravian-born American economist and sociologist known for his theories of capitalist development and business cycles. Schumpeter was educated in Vienna and taught at the universities of Czernowitz, Graz, and Bonn before joining the faculty of Harvard University (1932–50).

cimbalom: …in Budapest about 1870 by Jozsef Schunda. Some 20 years later it was proclaimed the national instrument of Hungary, and by 1897 courses in cimbalom instruction were offered at the Budapest Academy of Music. Franz Liszt introduced the cimbalom as an orchestral instrument in his Ungarischer Sturmmarsch (1876), and it…

Hudson Maxim: There, with R.C. Schupphaus, he developed the Maxim-Schupphaus smokeless powder, the first in the United States and the first adopted by the U.S. government. He next invented a smokeless cannon powder, with cylindrical grains so perforated that it burned more rapidly, which was widely used during World…

Michael Schur is an American television comedy writer, producer, and director who started his career working on Saturday Night Live (1975– ) and The Office (2005–13). He later established himself as a leading voice of the modern sitcom as creator or cocreator of such popular shows as Parks and

Michael Schur is an American television comedy writer, producer, and director who started his career working on Saturday Night Live (1975– ) and The Office (2005–13). He later established himself as a leading voice of the modern sitcom as creator or cocreator of such popular shows as Parks and

glassware: Venice and the façon de Venise: …sister Anna Roemers Visscher and Anna Maria van Schurman. The latter two decorated their glasses with flowers and insects drawn with a gossamer touch, often accompanied by epigrams in Latin or Greek capitals scratched with severe precision or in the free scrolled style of the Italianate writing masters of the…

Carl Schurz was a German-American political leader, journalist, orator, and dedicated reformer who pressed for high moral standards in government in a period of notorious public laxity. As a student at the University of Bonn, Schurz participated in the abortive German revolution of 1848, was

Kurt von Schuschnigg was an Austrian statesman and chancellor who struggled to prevent the Nazi takeover of Austria (March 1938). As an Innsbruck lawyer of monarchist political sympathies attached to the Christian Social Party, he was elected to the federal Nationalrat (lower house of parliament)

Florence Knoll was an American architect, designer, and businesswoman known for revolutionizing the design of the modern workplace. She gave corporate offices an uncluttered, modern look, using sleek furniture, handsome textiles, and welcoming arrangements. Her style and furniture designs remain

biblical literature: Dutch versions: Despite the poor quality of Johan Schutken’s translation of the New Testament and Psalms (1384), it became the most widely used of medieval Dutch versions.

Alfred Schutz was an Austrian-born U.S. sociologist and philosopher who developed a social science based on phenomenology. He emigrated to the U.S. in 1939, teaching at the New School for Social Research in New York (1943–59). He drew attention to the social presuppositions underlying everyday life

Heinrich Schütz was a composer, widely regarded as the greatest German composer before Johann Sebastian Bach. In 1599 he became a chorister at Kassel, where the landgrave of Hesse-Kassel provided him with a wide general education. In 1608 Schütz entered the University of Marburg to study law, but

glanders: …German bacteriologists Friedrich Löffler and Wilhelm Schütz isolated and identified the causal agent, which they named Bacillus mallei, later designated Burkholderia mallei.

Schutzbund, (German: Republican Defense League), paramilitary socialist organization active in Austria between World War I and 1934. Compared with its chief right-wing opponent force, the Heimwehr, the Schutzbund was tightly organized, having been created in 1923 from the workers’ guards by the

SS, the black-uniformed elite corps and self-described “political soldiers” of the Nazi Party. Founded by Adolf Hitler in April 1925 as a small personal bodyguard, the SS grew with the success of the Nazi movement and, gathering immense police and military powers, became virtually a state within a

Sonderbund, league formed on Dec. 11, 1845, by the seven Catholic Swiss cantons (Luzern, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Zug, Fribourg, and Valais) to oppose anti-Catholic measures by Protestant liberal cantons. The term Sonderbund also refers to the civil war that resulted from this conflict. In 1841

Schuyler, county, west-central New York state, U.S., comprising a hilly upland region. Seneca Lake extends deeply into the county from the north, nearly bisecting it. Other bodies of water are Waneta and Lamoka lakes and Meads and Cayuta creeks. Parklands include Finger Lakes National Forest,

James Schuyler was an American poet, playwright, and novelist, often associated with the New York school of poets, which included Frank O’Hara, John Ashbery, and Kenneth Koch. An acute observer of natural landscapes, Schuyler described common experiences with familiar images in compact lines of

James Schuyler was an American poet, playwright, and novelist, often associated with the New York school of poets, which included Frank O’Hara, John Ashbery, and Kenneth Koch. An acute observer of natural landscapes, Schuyler described common experiences with familiar images in compact lines of

Louisa Lee Schuyler was an American welfare worker, noted for her efforts in organizing public welfare services and legislation to benefit the poor and the disabled. As a young woman, Schuyler became interested in the work of the Children’s Aid Society of New York, which her parents supported as

Philip John Schuyler was an American soldier, political leader, and member of the Continental Congress. Born into a prominent New York family, Schuyler served in the provincial army during the last French and Indian War (1755–60), rising to the rank of major. After the war he went to England

Schuylkill, county, east-central Pennsylvania, U.S., located west of the city of Allentown and bordered to the south by Blue Mountain. It consists of a rugged ridge-and-valley terrain that includes Mahantango, Broad, Sharp, and Second mountains. The county is drained by the West Branch Schuylkill

Schuylkill River, river of southeastern Pennsylvania, U.S. It rises in eastern Schuylkill county in an anthracite-coal region and receives the Little Schuylkill River while flowing through a gap in Blue Mountain at Port Clinton. It then continues generally southeastward for a total length of 130

schwa, vowel, typically unstressed, represented in phonetic transcriptions by the symbol ə (upside-down e). It is the most common vowel sound in the English language, where it is either represented by a vowel letter (a, e, i, o, u, or y) or unwritten. Examples are the sound of the first and last a

Indo-European languages: Consonants: …separate Proto-Indo-European vowel ə (called schwa indogermanicum) was reconstructed to account for these correspondences.

Charles M. Schwab was an entrepreneur of the early steel industry in the United States, who served as president of both the Carnegie Steel Company and United States Steel Corporation and later pioneered Bethlehem Steel into one of the nation’s giant steel producers. Schwab, the son of a woollen

Charles M. Schwab was an entrepreneur of the early steel industry in the United States, who served as president of both the Carnegie Steel Company and United States Steel Corporation and later pioneered Bethlehem Steel into one of the nation’s giant steel producers. Schwab, the son of a woollen

World Economic Forum: The conference was founded by Klaus Schwab, a German scholar of business policy and a professor at the University of Geneva, who in 1971 organized a meeting of European corporate leaders interested in making their businesses competitive with American firms. A tremendous success, the gathering inspired Schwab to establish the…

human ear: Tuning-fork tests: In the Schwabach test the presence of a sensorineural impairment is indicated when the individual being tested cannot hear the bone-conducted sound as long as the examiner with normal hearing can. The individual with a conductive hearing loss, however, can hear the fork for a longer period…

Articles of Schwabach, early Lutheran confession of faith, written in 1529 by Martin Luther and other Wittenberg theologians and incorporated into the Augsburg Confession by Philipp Melanchthon in 1530. It was prepared at the request of John the Steadfast, elector of Saxony, to provide a unifying

typography: Type, from Gutenberg to the 18th century: The italic and the Gothic Schwabacher, which serves as a kind of italic to Fraktur (as black letter is known in Germany), both had their genesis in the fast, informal, cursive, generally ligatured letters developed by chancellery clerks to speed their work.

Ethel Schwabacher was an American artist associated with the Abstract Expressionist movement. Though not as well-known as her male peers or as Lee Krasner, Elaine DeKooning, or Helen Frankenthaler, her work is found in major museum collections throughout the United States, and exhibitions in the

Samuel Heinrich Schwabe was an amateur German astronomer who discovered that sunspots vary in number in a cycle of about 10 years; he announced his findings in 1843, after 17 years of almost daily observations. Schwabe also made the first known detailed drawing of the Great Red Spot on Jupiter. He

Swabia, historic region of southwestern Germany, including what is now the southern portion of Baden-Württemberg Land (state) and the southwestern part of Bavaria Land in Germany, as well as eastern Switzerland and Alsace. Swabia’s name is derived from that of the Suebi, a Germanic people who, with

Schwäbisch Gmünd, city, Baden-Württemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies on the Rems River, east of Stuttgart and just north of the Swabian Alp. The Roman limes (a defensive line of fortifications against the Germanic tribes) passed over the northern part of the city, where two castles

Schwäbisch Hall, city, Baden-Württemberg Land (state), southern Germany, on the Kocher River, east of Heilbronn. The centre of the Hohenlohe lands, a free imperial city from 1276 to 1802, it owed both its foundation and its prosperity to its saline springs and the salt trade. It retains its

Donauwörth, city and port, Bavaria Land (state), southern Germany. It lies at the confluence of the Danube and Wörnitz rivers, some 25 miles (40 km) north-northwest of Augsburg. There is evidence of settlement of the site from the 6th century ce. The city itself grew up around the Mangoldstein, a

Swabian Alp, continuation of the Jura Mountains in Baden-Württemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. The upland plateau extends approximately 100 miles (160 km) from the Black Forest (Schwarzwald) to the Wörnitz River at an average elevation of about 2,300 feet (700 m). The plateau rises in a