Schwagerina, extinct genus of fusulinid foraminiferans, small, single-celled protozoans related to the modern amoeba but possessing a hard shell capable of being preserved in the fossil record. Schwagerina is a useful guide, or index, fossil for Early Permian rocks and time (the Permian Period

Robert Maillart: …most famous is the curving Schwandbach Bridge, at Schwarzenburg, which has been described as “a work of art in modern engineering.”

Franz Schubert: Last years of Franz Schubert: …together as the Schwanengesang (Swan Song). In September and early October the succession was concluded by the last three piano sonatas, in C Minor, A Major, and B-flat Major, and the great String Quintet in C Major—the swan song of the Classical era in music.

Robert Hamerling: …popular collections of lyrics, including Ein Schwanenlied der Romantik (1862; “A Swan Song of the Romantic”), which have some attractive rhythms but not much originality. His most important works are his epic poems: Ahasver in Rom (1866; “Ahasuerus in Rome”), a grandiosely romantic retelling of the myth of the wandering…

Central Kalimantan: The Schwaner Mountains and the Muller (Müller) Mountains run parallel to the northwestern boundary of the province, and an offshoot of the Muller range skirts the northern boundary. Mount Raya, the highest peak in the Schwaner range, reaches 7,474 feet (2,278 metres). To the south of…

glassware: Germany: …Nürnberg school of engravers was Georg Schwanhardt, a pupil of Caspar Lehmann. Lehmann had been gem cutter to the emperor Rudolf II in Prague and there had taken the decisive step of transferring the art of engraving from precious stones to glass. His first dated work is a beaker of…

Jackson Pollock: Early life and work: …came under the influence of Frederick John de St. Vrain Schwankovsky, a painter and illustrator who was also a member of the Theosophical Society, a sect that promoted metaphysical and occult spirituality. Schwankovsky gave Pollock some rudimentary training in drawing and painting, introduced him to advanced currents of European modern…

Schwann cell, any of the cells in the peripheral nervous system that produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons. Schwann cells are named after German physiologist Theodor Schwann, who discovered them in the 19th century. These cells are equivalent to a type of neuroglia called

Theodor Schwann was a German physiologist who founded modern histology by defining the cell as the basic unit of animal structure. He was a cofounder (with Matthias Jakob Schleiden) of the cell theory. Schwann studied at the Jesuits’ College at Cologne before attending the University of Bonn and

Tony Curtis was an American actor whose handsome looks first propelled him to fame in the 1950s. He won critical plaudits as well as broad popularity in both dramatic roles and comic performances. Schwartz grew up in the Bronx, where he experienced a troubled home life and became a member of a

Delmore Schwartz was an American poet, short-story writer, and literary critic noted for his lyrical descriptions of cultural alienation and the search for identity. Educated at the University of Wisconsin, New York University, and Harvard University, Schwartz later taught at Harvard and at a

textual criticism: Reaction against the genealogical method: …extreme position was taken by E. Schwartz, who in his edition of Eusebius’s Historia ecclesiastica (1909) denied that “vertically” transmitted texts of Greek books existed at all. The limitations of the stemmatic method have subsequently been stressed in a more temperate fashion by other writers. The modern tendency is to…

Sun Microsystems: Open-source software and purchase by Oracle: However, soon after Jonathan Schwartz replaced McNealy as CEO in 2006, the company started working closely with Intel and chose that company’s chip set for some of its servers.

Adam Strange: …science fiction fan and editor Julius Schwartz, Strange was first drawn by Mike Sekowsky, the illustrator for the first three Showcase omnibus issues, where DC auditioned new characters before committing to new series. When the episodes with him proved popular, Strange moved over to the Mystery in Space comic, where…

Adam Strange: …science fiction fan and editor Julius Schwartz, Strange was first drawn by Mike Sekowsky, the illustrator for the first three Showcase omnibus issues, where DC auditioned new characters before committing to new series. When the episodes with him proved popular, Strange moved over to the Mystery in Space comic, where…

Laurent Schwartz was a French mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1950 for his work in functional analysis. Schwartz received his early education at the École Normale Supérieure (now part of the Universities of Paris) and the Faculty of Science, both located in Paris. He received his

Laurent Schwartz was a French mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1950 for his work in functional analysis. Schwartz received his early education at the École Normale Supérieure (now part of the Universities of Paris) and the Faculty of Science, both located in Paris. He received his

climate: Biosphere controls on minimum temperatures: …the late 1980s, American climatologists M.D. Schwartz and T.R. Karl used the superimposed epoch method to study the climate before and after the leafing out of lilac plants in the spring in the U.S. Midwest. (This method uses time series data from multiple locations, which can be compared to one…

Yiddish literature: Yiddish theatre: In 1918 Maurice Schwartz founded the above-mentioned Yiddish Art Theatre. In addition to his directorial success, Schwartz became the most highly esteemed actor of the Yiddish stage, and the theatre became the training ground of a generation of actors. Among the names associated with it is that…

Melvin Schwartz was an American physicist and entrepreneur who, along with Leon M. Lederman and Jack Steinberger, received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1988 for their research concerning neutrinos (subatomic particles that have no electric charge and virtually no mass). Schwartz studied physics

Michal Schwartz is an Israeli neuroimmunologist who carried out pioneering research on the relationship between the brain and the immune system. Her groundbreaking research on Alzheimer disease helped to overturn the long-standing notion that immunity should be suppressed in chronic

The Brady Bunch: The show was conceived by Sherwood Schwartz (creator of Gilligan’s Island, which aired 1964–67) and revolved around the life of a large complex blended family, which comes together when Mike Brady (played by Robert Reed), the father of three sons, marries Carol Martin (Florence Henderson), the mother of three girls.…

Wicked: … by American composer and lyricist Stephen Schwartz and librettist Winnie Holzman that serves as a prequel to the events from L. Frank Baum’s original novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900) and its film adaptation, The Wizard of Oz (1939). Wicked is a revisionist retelling of the story of the…

Tony Schwartz was an American media theorist and advertising pioneer credited with reinventing the genre of political advertising in the 1960s. He believed that in political campaign advertisements there is no reason to try to impart information about a candidate, because voters have already formed

Richard Donner was an American film director who emerged in the 1980s as one of Hollywood’s most reliable makers of action blockbusters, most notably the Lethal Weapon films. Donner acted in Off-Broadway productions before moving to California, where he began directing industrial films and

Philipp Melanchthon was a German author of the Augsburg Confession of the Lutheran church (1530), humanist, reformer, theologian, and educator. He was a friend of Martin Luther and defended his views. In 1521 Melanchthon published the Loci communes, the first systematic treatment of the new

Wes Anderson: …wrote Rushmore (1998), which starred Jason Schwartzman as an indefatigable prep-school student and Bill Murray as his wealthy benefactor and sometime foe. Anderson’s third collaboration with Wilson, The Royal Tenenbaums (2001), was a darkly comic exploration of the dysfunctional adulthoods of a family of child prodigies. It was also the…

Berthold der Schwarze was a German monk and alchemist who, probably among others, discovered gunpowder (c. 1313). The only evidence consists of entries of dubious authenticity in the town records of Ghent (now in Belgium). Little is known of his life, though he appears to have been a cathedral

medal: Germany and Austria: …the first professional medalist was Hans Schwarz of Augsburg, active in Germany and elsewhere between 1512 and 1532. Christoph Weiditz produced numerous Augsburg medals and with Schwarz showed the greatest sensitivity in capturing individual character in his portraits. Friedrich Hagenauer, active in Munich and in Augsburg (1527–32), produced more than…

illuminati: Later illuminati: …been spread to Russia by Johann Georg Schwarz and Nikolay Novikov. Both strains of “illuminated” Martinism included elements of Kabbalism and Christian mysticism, imbibing ideas from Jakob Böhme and Emanuel Swedenborg.

string theory: Predictions and theoretical difficulties: In 1974 John Schwarz of the California Institute of Technology and Joel Scherk of the École Normale Supérieure and, independently, Tamiaki Yoneya of Hokkaido University came to a radical conclusion. They suggested that one of the supposedly failed predictions of string theory—the existence of a particular massless…

stained glass: 20th century: …architects as Dominikus Böhm and Rudolf Schwarz and the stained-glass artist Anton Wendling were able to resume careers interrupted by the Nazi era and to set the course for a whole new generation of stained-glass artists, especially in the Rhineland. Inspired by the example of Thorn Prikker, these artists have…

André Schwarz-Bart was a French novelist, author of what is regarded as one of the greatest literary works of the post-World War II period: Le Dernier des justes (1959; The Last of the Just). Schwarz-Bart’s parents, Polish Jews, moved to France in 1924. By 1941, when he was 13, they had been

Schwarzburg, either of two sovereign states in Germany before 1918, descended from the Thuringian lands that had been held by the medieval counts of Schwarzburg. Over the centuries the Schwarzburg lands were divided, redivided, or consolidated until the lines of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen and

Schwarze Elster River, right- (east-) bank tributary of the Elbe River, rising in the Lusatian Mountains, about 4 miles (7 km) northwest of Bischofswerda, Ger. Flowing north, it leaves the mountains near Kamenz, where it turns northeast to enter the Upper Lusatia region. Between Hoyerswerda, where

Adolf, baron von Lützow: …mounted free corps (called the Lützowsche Freikorps), composed mainly of non-Prussian volunteers, to operate behind the French lines. The formation eventually numbered about 3,000 and became popularly known as the Schwarze Schar (“Black Band”) after its uniform, which was a symbol of mourning for enslaved Germany. The armistice of June…

Robert Faesi: …libretto for Willy Burkhard’s opera Die schwarze Spinne (“The Black Spider”). Faesi also wrote important critical studies of Rainer Maria Rilke, Gottfried Keller, Thomas Mann, and other writers. His correspondence with Mann was published in 1962.

Adolf Ludwig Follen: …also the leader of the Unbedingten (Uncompromising Ones), or Schwarzen (Blacks), a radical student group whose ideas resulted in the assassination of the conservative dramatist August Kotzebue in 1819. Based on an idealized picture of the medieval Christian empire, Follen’s political ideas were aimed at incorporating the German states into…

Brethren: …that trace their origin to Schwarzenau, Hesse, where in 1708 a group of seven persons under the leadership of Alexander Mack (1679–1735) formed a brotherhood dedicated to following the commandments of Jesus Christ. The brotherhood was shaped by three influences—the Protestant faith in which its organizers had been raised, the…

Brethren, group of Protestant churches that trace their origin to Schwarzenau, Hesse, where in 1708 a group of seven persons under the leadership of Alexander Mack (1679–1735) formed a brotherhood dedicated to following the commandments of Jesus Christ. The brotherhood was shaped by three

Felix, prince zu Schwarzenberg was an Austrian statesman who restored the Habsburg empire as a great European power after its almost complete collapse during the revolutions of 1848–49. Entering the Austrian army in 1818, Schwarzenberg transferred to the diplomatic service in 1824 and became a

Karl Philipp, prince zu Schwarzenberg was an Austrian field marshal and diplomat who was one of the most successful Allied commanders in the Napoleonic Wars and who contributed significantly to the French emperor’s defeat in 1813–14. Scion of one of the oldest aristocratic houses of the Habsburg

Arnold Schwarzenegger is an Austrian-born American bodybuilder, film actor, and politician who rose to fame through roles in blockbuster action movies and later served as governor of California (2003–11). Schwarzenegger was known as the Styrian Oak, or Austrian Oak, in the bodybuilding world, where

Arnold Schwarzenegger is an Austrian-born American bodybuilder, film actor, and politician who rose to fame through roles in blockbuster action movies and later served as governor of California (2003–11). Schwarzenegger was known as the Styrian Oak, or Austrian Oak, in the bodybuilding world, where

old maid, simple card game popular with young children. It takes its name from a 19th-century specially illustrated deck of cards showing colourful characters in matching pairs, plus a single old maid card. In Germany the equivalent game is called schwarzer Peter (“black Peter”) and in France vieux

Dame Elisabeth Schwarzkopf was a German soprano who performed in the major opera houses of the Western world and is remembered especially for her mastery of German songs known as lieder. Schwarzkopf studied at the Berlin High School for Music from 1934, winning various prizes. She also studied at

Dame Elisabeth Schwarzkopf was a German soprano who performed in the major opera houses of the Western world and is remembered especially for her mastery of German songs known as lieder. Schwarzkopf studied at the Berlin High School for Music from 1934, winning various prizes. She also studied at

Norman Schwarzkopf was a U.S. Army officer who commanded Operation Desert Storm, the American-led military action that liberated Kuwait from Iraqi occupation during the Persian Gulf War (1991). Schwarzkopf’s father, Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, Sr., rose to the rank of colonel in the army before

Norman Schwarzkopf was a U.S. Army officer who commanded Operation Desert Storm, the American-led military action that liberated Kuwait from Iraqi occupation during the Persian Gulf War (1991). Schwarzkopf’s father, Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, Sr., rose to the rank of colonel in the army before

Norman Schwarzkopf was a U.S. Army officer who commanded Operation Desert Storm, the American-led military action that liberated Kuwait from Iraqi occupation during the Persian Gulf War (1991). Schwarzkopf’s father, Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, Sr., rose to the rank of colonel in the army before

Schwarzlose machine gun, early Austrian water-cooled machine gun (q.v.) operating on the blowback principle. A heavy breechlock and spring hold the bolt closed until the pressure has been reduced to a safe level. Then the fired cartridge case and bolt are blown to the rear against the main

pottery: Tin-glazed ware: …first they mostly used the Schwarzlot technique—decoration in a black, linear style that was nearly always based on line engravings. Faience thus decorated dates from about 1660 and is the work of Johann Schaper (died 1670), who had been a Nürnberg glass painter, J.L. Faber, and others. Polychrome enamel decoration…

Schwarzschild radius, the radius below which the gravitational attraction between the particles of a body must cause it to undergo irreversible gravitational collapse. This phenomenon is thought to be the final fate of the more massive stars (see black hole). The Schwarzschild radius (Rg) of an

black hole: …and infinite density called the singularity.

Karl Schwarzschild was a German astronomer whose contributions, both practical and theoretical, were of primary importance in the development of 20th-century astronomy. Schwarzschild’s exceptional ability in science became evident at the age of 16, when his paper on the theory of celestial orbits

Black Forest, mountain region, Baden-Württemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany, source of the Danube and Neckar rivers. It occupies an area of 2,320 square miles (6,009 square km) and extends toward the northeast for about 100 miles (160 km) from Säckingen on the Upper Rhine River (at the

Comet Schwassmann-Wachmann 1: …photographically by the German astronomers Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann and Arno Arthur Wachmann on November 15, 1927. It has one of the most circular orbits of any comet known (eccentricity = 0.044) and remains always between the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn, with an orbital period of 14.7 years. It…

Schwechat, town, northeastern Austria. It lies on the west bank of the Danube River near the mouth of the Schwechat River, just southeast of Vienna. Schwechat was the site of a Roman camp; it was first mentioned in the 11th century and was granted market rights in 1624. It was a district of Vienna

Schwedt, city, Brandenburg Land (state), eastern Germany. It lies along the Westoder River, southwest of Szczecin (German: Stettin), Poland, about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Berlin. Mentioned as a town in 1265, it was the seat of a lordship that passed from Pomerania to Brandenburg in 1479. From

Schwedt, city, Brandenburg Land (state), eastern Germany. It lies along the Westoder River, southwest of Szczecin (German: Stettin), Poland, about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Berlin. Mentioned as a town in 1265, it was the seat of a lordship that passed from Pomerania to Brandenburg in 1479. From

Miller-Tydings Act of 1937: …1951 Supreme Court ruling (Schwegmann Bros. v. Calvert Distillers) invalidated nonsigner clauses to fair-trade laws. Nonsigner clauses had allowed distributors to take action against parties with whom they had no contractual arrangements that limited fair-trade laws. That Supreme Court ruling along with subsequent legislative lobbying efforts by various chain…

David Scott: …McDivitt and lunar module pilot Russell Schweickart; their mission was launched on March 3, 1969. In Earth orbit these men rendezvoused and docked the command module with the lunar module, which was on its first crewed flight, and they successfully tested all systems necessary for a lunar landing.

Świdnica, city, Dolnośląskie województwo (province), southwestern Poland, on the Bystrzyca River, a tributary of the Oder River. Located in the Sudeten (Sudety) foothills, the city is an economic centre for the Lower Silesia agricultural area. It has metal, chemical, wood, sugar, and textile

A.M. Schweigaard was a Norwegian jurist and economic reformer who helped bring about Norway’s change to a capitalist economy. A professor of jurisprudence and economics in the 1830s and ’40s and an extremely influential publicist for economic liberalism, Schweigaard was elected to the Storting

Georg August Schweinfurth was a German botanist and traveler who explored the region of the upper Nile River basin known as the Baḥr al Ghazāl and discovered the Uele River, a tributary of the Congo. Schweinfurth’s interest in African plants took him across the Red Sea to the Sudanese port of

Albert Schweitzer was an Alsatian-German theologian, philosopher, organist, and mission doctor in equatorial Africa, who received the 1952 Nobel Prize for Peace for his efforts in behalf of “the Brotherhood of Nations.” The eldest son of a Lutheran pastor, Schweitzer studied philosophy and theology

windsurfing: …Jim Drake (a sailor) and Hoyle Schweitzer (a surfer) received the first patent for a sailboard in 1968. They called their design a Windsurfer, and Schweitzer began mass-producing sailboards in the early 1970s. The sport quickly spread throughout North America, and by the late 1970s it had become widely popular…

Louis Schweitzer is a French government official and automotive executive who rose to the post of chairman and chief executive officer of Renault in the 1990s. Schweitzer was educated mainly in France and graduated in 1970 from the École Nationale d’Administration, one of the country’s prestigious

Switzerland, federated country of central Europe. Switzerland’s administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. Switzerland’s small size—its total area is about half that of Scotland—and its modest population give little indication of its international significance. A

Swiss German language, collective name for the great variety of Alemannic (Upper German) dialects spoken in Switzerland north of the boundary between the Romance and Germanic languages, in Liechtenstein, in the Austrian province of Vorarlberg, and in parts of Baden-Württemberg in Germany and Alsace

Hans Conrad Escher: …Paul Usteri, Escher founded the Schweizer Republikaner, a journal of moderately reformist opinion. Elected to the parliament of the fledgling Helvetic Republic in 1798, he was named president of the Great Council in the autumn of that year. Although a supporter of cantonal autonomy, he continued to hold high offices…

Steve Bannon: Entertainment finance, moviemaking, and Breitbart: In 2012 Bannon and Peter Schweizer founded the Government Accountability Institute, a nonprofit organization that mounted investigations of prominent politicians with the intention of exposing wrongdoing, and distributed the results of its investigations through mainstream publishers and other media outlets, as it did with Schweizer’s inflammatory book Clinton Cash:…

Union Bank of Switzerland, former Swiss bank, one of the largest banks in Switzerland until its merger with the Swiss Bank Corporation in 1998. Headquarters were in Zürich. The bank was founded in 1912 in the merger of Bank in Winterthur (established 1862) and Toggenburger Bank (1863). It

Swiss Bank Corporation, former Swiss bank, one of the largest banks in Switzerland until its merger with the Union Bank of Switzerland in 1998. The Swiss Bank Corporation was established in 1872 as the Basler Bankverein, specializing in investment banking. In an 1895 merger with Zürcher Bankverein,

Switzerland, federated country of central Europe. Switzerland’s administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. Switzerland’s small size—its total area is about half that of Scotland—and its modest population give little indication of its international significance. A

Swiss International Air Lines (SWISS), Swiss airline formed in 2002 following the bankruptcy of Swiss Air Transport Company Ltd. (Swissair). The airline serves cities in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and North and Latin America. Swissair was founded on March 26, 1931, in the merger of

Swiss National Park, national park in Graubünden canton, southeastern Switzerland, adjoining the Italian border 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Saint Moritz. Established in 1914 and enlarged in 1959, the park occupies 65 square miles (169 square km) and is made up of a magnificent area in the Central

The Swiss Family Robinson, novel for children completed and edited by Johann Rudolf Wyss, published in German as Der schweizerische Robinson (1812–27). The original manuscript of the novel had been written by Wyss’s father, Johann David, a clergyman, for and with the aid of his four sons. After the

Swiss People’s Party, conservative Swiss political party. The Swiss People’s Party (SVP) was founded in 1971 by the merger of the Farmers, Artisans, and Citizens’ Party—generally known as the Agrarian Party—with the Democratic Party. It has pursued conservative social and economic policies,

Swiss Federation of Protestant Churches, confederation founded in 1920 to represent the interests of the churches in social issues, government liaison, and overseas mission and aid work. Membership is open to Christian churches that have adopted the principles of the Reformation. The Federation is

Deutscher Werkbund: …1912) and in Switzerland (Schweizerischer Werkbund, 1913). Sweden’s Slöjdföreningen was converted to the approach by 1915, and England’s Design and Industries Association (1915) also was modeled on the Deutscher Werkbund.

Swiss Civil Code, body of private law codified by the jurist Eugen Huber at the end of the 19th century; it was adopted in 1907 and went into effect in 1912, and it remains in force, with modifications, in present-day Switzerland. Because Huber’s work was completed after the Napoleonic Code (q.v.)

Ludwig Pfyffer was a Swiss military leader, spokesman for Roman Catholic interests in the cantons, and probably the most important Swiss political figure in the latter half of the 16th century. For many years an active and intrepid warrior in the service of France, Pfyffer won fame by safely

Kaspar Schwenckfeld von Ossig was a German theologian, writer, and preacher who led the Protestant Reformation in Silesia. He was a representative of a phenomenon called Reformation by the Middle Way, and he established societies that survive in the United States as the Schwenckfelder Church. Born

Kaspar Schwenckfeld von Ossig was a German theologian, writer, and preacher who led the Protestant Reformation in Silesia. He was a representative of a phenomenon called Reformation by the Middle Way, and he established societies that survive in the United States as the Schwenckfelder Church. Born

Christianity: Protestant Christianity: …groups of mystics were the Schwenckfeldians, founded by Kaspar Schwenckfeld, and the Family of Love, founded in Holland by Hendrik Niclaes in about 1540. He later made two trips to England, where his group had its largest following and survived into the 17th century. The religion of the Ranters and…

Christianity: Protestant Christianity: …groups of mystics were the Schwenckfeldians, founded by Kaspar Schwenckfeld, and the Family of Love, founded in Holland by Hendrik Niclaes in about 1540. He later made two trips to England, where his group had its largest following and survived into the 17th century. The religion of the Ranters and…

number game: Pioneers and imitators: …found its way into Germany: Daniel Schwenter, a professor of Hebrew, Oriental languages, and mathematics, assiduously compiled a comprehensive collection of recreational problems based on a translation of Leurechon’s book, together with many other problems that he himself had previously collected. This work appeared posthumously in 1636 under the title…

soft drink: History of soft drinks: Swiss jeweler Jacob Schweppe read the papers of Priestley and Lavoisier and determined to make a similar device. By 1794 he was selling his highly carbonated artificial mineral waters to his friends in Geneva; later he started a business in London.

Schwerin, city, capital of Mecklenburg–West Pomerania Land (state), northern Germany. It lies on the southwestern shore of Schweriner Lake, southwest of Rostock. Originally a Wendish settlement first mentioned in 1018, the German town was founded and chartered by the Saxon duke Henry the Lion in

blitzkrieg: Blitzkrieg in principle: …had its origins with the Schwerpunktprinzip (“concentration principle”) proposed by Carl von Clausewitz in his seminal work On War (1832). Having studied generals who predated Napoleon, Clausewitz found that commanders of various armies had dispersed their forces without focused reasoning, which resulted in those forces’ being used inefficiently. So as…

blitzkrieg: Blitzkrieg in principle: …had its origins with the Schwerpunktprinzip (“concentration principle”) proposed by Carl von Clausewitz in his seminal work On War (1832). Having studied generals who predated Napoleon, Clausewitz found that commanders of various armies had dispersed their forces without focused reasoning, which resulted in those forces’ being used inefficiently. So as…

Order of the Brothers of the Sword, organization of crusading knights that began the successful conquest and Christianization of Livonia (most of modern Latvia and Estonia) between 1202 and 1237. After German merchants from Lübeck and Bremen acquired commercial interests in the lands around the

David Schwimmer is an American actor and director who was perhaps best known for his role on the television sitcom Friends (1994–2004). Schwimmer was raised by his parents—both prominent attorneys—in Los Angeles. In 1984 he entered the theatre department of Northwestern University in Evanston,

Rosika Schwimmer was a Hungarian-born feminist and pacifist whose national and international activism brought her both persecution and worldwide accolades. Schwimmer was obliged by family financial reverses to go to work as a bookkeeper in 1896. She organized in Hungary the National Association of

Moritz von Schwind was an Austrian-born German painter who was a leading early Romantic portrayer of an idealized Austria and Germany—of knights, castles, and the provincial charm of his own time. Schwind was something of a bohemian in his youth. He joined the composer Franz Schubert’s circle of

Schwingen, (German: “swinging”), form of wrestling native to Switzerland and the Tirolese valleys. Wrestlers wear Schwinghosen (wrestling breeches) with strong belts on which holds are taken. Lifting and tripping are common, and the first man down loses the bout. Schwingen tournaments were

Julian Seymour Schwinger was an American physicist and joint winner, with Richard P. Feynman and Tomonaga Shin’ichirō, of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1965 for introducing new ideas and methods into quantum electrodynamics. Schwinger was a child prodigy, publishing his first physics paper at age

bicycle: The modern bicycle: …that was typified by the Schwinn Stingray. These high-rise bicycles had small wheels, banana-shaped saddles, and long handlebars. By 1968 they made up about 75 percent of U.S. bicycle sales, and 20 million teenagers owned high-rise bicycles. Upon outgrowing them, however, the young consumers switched to 10-speeds, so named because…