Hector Boece: …a prima gentis origine (1526; The History and Chronicles of Scotland). Boece’s history is a glorification of the Scottish nation, based on legendary sources, and is more interesting as romance than as history. It had wide currency abroad in a French translation, and the plot of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth is…

Scot, any member of an ancient Gaelic-speaking people of Ireland or Scotland in the early Middle Ages. Originally (until the 10th century) “Scotia” denoted Ireland, and the inhabitants of Scotia were Scotti. The area of Argyll and Bute, where the migrant Celts from northern Ireland settled, became

Faculty of Advocates: …faculty grew out of the Scots Act of 1532, which established the Court of Session in Scotland. The advocates had, and still have, the sole right of audience in the Court of Session and High Court of Justiciary. They constitute a self-governing faculty under annually elected officers. When properly instructed…

Scots Confession, first confession of faith of the Scottish Reformed Church, written primarily by John Knox and adopted by the Scottish Parliament in 1560. It was a moderate Calvinist statement of faith in 25 articles, although it stressed the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist more than

pine: Major Eurasian pines: The Scotch pine (P. sylvestris) of northern Europe, when grown under optimum conditions, attains a height of 20 to 40 metres (70 to 130 feet). It is conical in youth, acquires a mushroom-shaped crown in maturity, and has a straight trunk as much as one metre…

Scots Gaelic language, a member of the Goidelic group of Celtic languages, spoken along the northwest coast of Scotland and in the Hebrides islands. Australia, the United States, and Canada (particularly Nova Scotia) are also home to Scots Gaelic communities. Scots Gaelic is a recent offshoot of

Scots Gaelic language, a member of the Goidelic group of Celtic languages, spoken along the northwest coast of Scotland and in the Hebrides islands. Australia, the United States, and Canada (particularly Nova Scotia) are also home to Scots Gaelic communities. Scots Gaelic is a recent offshoot of

Scots language, historic language of the people of Lowland Scotland and one closely related to English. The word Lallans, which was originated by the Scottish poet Robert Burns, is usually used for a literary variety of the language, especially that used by the writers of the mid-20th-century

Scottish law, the legal practices and institutions of Scotland. At the union of the parliaments of England and Scotland in 1707, the legal systems of the two countries were very dissimilar. Scotland, mainly in the preceding century, had adopted as a guide much of the Roman law that had been

Robert Burns: After Edinburgh: …became virtual editor of Johnson’s The Scots Musical Museum. Later he became involved with a similar project for George Thomson, but Thomson was a more consciously genteel person than Johnson, and Burns had to fight with him to prevent him from “refining” words and music and so ruining their character.…

William Ernest Henley: …in 1891 and became the National Observer. Though conservative in its political outlook, it was liberal in its literary taste and published the work of Thomas Hardy, George Bernard Shaw, H.G. Wells, James Barrie, William Butler Yeats, and Rudyard Kipling. As an editor and critic, Henley was remembered by young…

pine: Major Eurasian pines: The Scotch pine (P. sylvestris) of northern Europe, when grown under optimum conditions, attains a height of 20 to 40 metres (70 to 130 feet). It is conical in youth, acquires a mushroom-shaped crown in maturity, and has a straight trunk as much as one metre…

Lewis Grassic Gibbon: …published under the collective title A Scots Quair (1946) made him a significant figure in the 20th-century Scottish Renaissance.

The Scotsman, morning daily newspaper published in Edinburgh, widely influential in Scotland and long considered a leading exemplar of responsible journalism. It was founded in 1817 as a weekly and began daily publication in 1855, when the newspaper stamp duty was abolished. The Scotsman was highly

Ross Island: About one mile south is Scott Base, a New Zealand station. A steep pyramid of rock called Observation Hill rises between the two stations. In 1907 Ernest Shackleton, a British explorer, established a camp at Camp Royds, and Robert Falcon Scott, in 1910, set up a camp at Cape Evans…

Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown: Scott Brown attended the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa and London’s Architectural Association School of Architecture before going to the United States with her husband, the architect Robert Scott Brown (who was killed in an auto accident in 1959), to study with Kahn…

acoustics: Amplifying, recording, and reproducing: …device called the phonautograph by Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville. The first device that could actually record and play back sounds was developed by the American inventor Thomas Alva Edison in 1877. Edison’s phonograph employed grooves of varying depth in a cylindrical sheet of foil, but a spiral groove on a…

The year before the 1984 Olympics was my most intensive year of training in figure skating. I thought about the Olympics daily, and I visualized them daily. I was not going to wait until the last minute to train. Instead, I treated every practice like a competition. I repeated every move in my

Scott of the Antarctic, British adventure film, released in 1948, that chronicles the legendary ill-fated South Pole expedition (1910–12) of British explorer Robert Falcon Scott. Scott (played by John Mills) organizes an expedition to Antarctica for the purpose of being the first to reach the South

Bitterroot Range: …9,000 ft (2,700 m), with Scott Peak, in Idaho, the highest (11,394 ft). Owing to the inaccessibility of the mountains from the east, the explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in 1805 were forced to travel northward more than 100 mi before finding a westward route through Lolo Pass (5,236…

Michael Cera: Scott Pilgrim vs. the World and This Is the End: …assumed the title role in Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010), a fantastical comedy adapted from a graphic novel series by Bryan Lee O’Malley. Cera portrayed a slacker guitarist who is also a video game character. Although well received, the film struggled at the box office; Cera later lent his…

An avid fan and student of Top 40 radio since childhood, Michael Moore fashioned his on-air name, Scott Shannon, as a tribute to two of his favourite announcers, Scott Muni and Tom Shannon. Beginning at a station in Mobile, Alabama, in 1969, he became the rapid-firing “Super Shan.” Later, in

Abigail Jane Scott Duniway was an American pioneer, suffragist, and writer, remembered chiefly for her ultimately successful pursuit in Oregon of the vote for women. Abigail Scott was of a large and hardworking farm family and received only scanty schooling. During the family’s arduous journey by

Hollywood Ten: Albert Maltz, Samuel Ornitz, Adrian Scott, and Dalton Trumbo.

Alexander Scott was a Scottish lyricist who is regarded as one of the last of the makaris (or poets) of the 16th century, because of his skill in handling the old Scottish metrical forms. Nothing is known of Scott’s life, though he seems to have been familiar with Edinburgh and Dalkeith,

Andrew Scott is an Irish actor known for his carefully constructed performances on stage and screen. Critics and fans enjoyed his portrayals of the psychopath Jim Moriarty in Sherlock (2010–17), the irreverent priest in the second season of Fleabag (2019), and the mercurial Tom Ripley in Ripley

Denzel Washington: Superstardom: Malcolm X and Training Day: …movies he made with director Tony Scott.

Barbara Ann Scott was a Canadian figure skater who was the first citizen of a country outside Europe to win a world championship in skating (1947). (Read Scott Hamilton’s Britannica entry on figure skating.) Scott won the Canadian women’s championship from 1944 to 1946 and in 1948 and the North

Barbara Ann Scott was a Canadian figure skater who was the first citizen of a country outside Europe to win a world championship in skating (1947). (Read Scott Hamilton’s Britannica entry on figure skating.) Scott won the Canadian women’s championship from 1944 to 1946 and in 1948 and the North

AC/DC: November 18, 2017, Sydney, Australia), Bon Scott (original name Ronald Belford Scott; b. July 9, 1946, Kirriemuir, Angus, Scotland—d. February 21, 1980, London, England), Brian Johnson (b. October 5, 1947, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England), Phil Rudd (original name Phillip Rudzevecuis; b. May 19, 1954, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia),…

Caroline Harrison was an American first lady (1889–92), the wife of Benjamin Harrison, 23rd president of the United States. A history enthusiast, she was the first president general of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). Caroline Scott was the second daughter of five children born to

Charles Prestwich Scott was an eminent British journalist who edited the Manchester Guardian (known as The Guardian since 1959) for 57 years. Scott attended Corpus Christi College, Oxford, graduating in 1869. He worked briefly as an apprentice journalist for The Scotsman of Edinburgh, then joined

Coretta Scott King was an American civil rights activist who was the wife of Martin Luther King, Jr. Coretta Scott graduated from Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio, and in 1951 enrolled at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston. While working toward a degree in voice, she met Martin

Cyril Meir Scott was an English composer and poet known especially for his piano and orchestral music. In the early 20th century, Scott established a musical reputation in continental Europe with his Piano Quartet in E Minor (1901) and Second Symphony (1903). In addition to his musical output,

Dana Scott is an American mathematician, logician, and computer scientist who was co-winner of the 1976 A.M. Turing Award, the highest honour in computer science. Scott and the Israeli American mathematician and computer scientist Michael O. Rabin were cited in the award for their early joint paper

Dana Scott is an American mathematician, logician, and computer scientist who was co-winner of the 1976 A.M. Turing Award, the highest honour in computer science. Scott and the Israeli American mathematician and computer scientist Michael O. Rabin were cited in the award for their early joint paper

David Scott is a U.S. astronaut who was the commander of the Apollo 15 mission to the Moon. After graduation from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1954, Scott transferred to the U.S. Air Force and took flight training. He earned an M.S. in aeronautics and astronautics from the

David Scott is a U.S. astronaut who was the commander of the Apollo 15 mission to the Moon. After graduation from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1954, Scott transferred to the U.S. Air Force and took flight training. He earned an M.S. in aeronautics and astronautics from the

Dred Scott was an African American slave at the centre of the U.S. Supreme Court’s pivotal Dred Scott decision of 1857 (Dred Scott v. John F.A. Sandford). The ruling rejected Scott’s plea for emancipation—which he based on his temporary residence in a free state and territory, in which slavery was

Duncan Campbell Scott was a Canadian administrator, poet, and short-story writer, best known at the end of the 20th century for advocating the assimilation of Canada’s First Nations peoples. In 1879 Scott joined the Canadian Department of Indian Affairs; he reached the highest levels of this agency

Dunkinfield Henry Scott was an English paleobotanist and leading authority of his time on the structure of fossil plants. Scott graduated from Christ Church College, Oxford, in 1876. In 1880 he studied under the German botanist Julius Von Sachs at the University of Würzburg. Scott then held

Francis Reginald Scott was a member of the Montreal group of poets in the 1920s and an influential promoter of the cause of Canadian poetry. Scott helped found various literary magazines and also edited poetry anthologies. As a poet, he was at his best as a satirist and social critic. His Overture

Francis Reginald Scott was a member of the Montreal group of poets in the 1920s and an influential promoter of the cause of Canadian poetry. Scott helped found various literary magazines and also edited poetry anthologies. As a poet, he was at his best as a satirist and social critic. His Overture

Francis Reginald Scott was a member of the Montreal group of poets in the 1920s and an influential promoter of the cause of Canadian poetry. Scott helped found various literary magazines and also edited poetry anthologies. As a poet, he was at his best as a satirist and social critic. His Overture

George C. Scott was an American actor whose dynamic presence and raspy voice suited him to a variety of intense roles during his 40-year film career. Scott was born in Virginia but reared and educated near Detroit. He served a four-year stint in the marines during the late 1940s before studying

George C. Scott was an American actor whose dynamic presence and raspy voice suited him to a variety of intense roles during his 40-year film career. Scott was born in Virginia but reared and educated near Detroit. He served a four-year stint in the marines during the late 1940s before studying

Zambia: Zambia in the 21st century: Vice President Guy Scott was named interim president, and elections for a new president to complete the rest of Sata’s term were set to be held within 90 days. Scott’s parents were not born in Zambia, and a 1996 constitutional amendment stipulating that a candidate had to…

technocracy: Gannt, Thorstein Veblen, and Howard Scott suggested that businessmen were incapable of reforming their industries in the public interest and that control of industry should thus be given to engineers.

Ralph Van Deman: The chief of staff, General Hugh Scott, found the idea of spying so distasteful that he ordered Van Deman to cease all efforts to organize a service. By adroit political maneuvering, however, Van Deman was able to gain sympathetic attention in higher government circles and soon found himself in charge…

James Brown Scott was an American jurist and legal educator, one of the principal early advocates of international arbitration. He played an important part in establishing the Academy of International Law (1914) and the Permanent Court of International Justice (1921), both at The Hague. Scott was

James McBride: Music and screenwriting career: …tenor sax for jazz artist Jimmy Scott. It was while on tour with Scott that McBride wrote The Color of Water, and he has described the book as having been written “in hotel rooms, vans, airports, libraries and on buses.” McBride also wrote music for soul and rhythm-and-blues singer Anita…

Joan Wallach Scott is an American historian, best known for her pioneering contributions to the study of French history, women’s and gender history, and intellectual history as well as to feminist theory. Her work, which was influential well beyond the confines of her own discipline, was

John Scott, 1st earl of Eldon was the lord chancellor of England for much of the period between 1801 and 1827. As chief equity judge, he granted the injunction as a remedy more often than earlier lords chancellor had generally done and settled the rules for its use. An inflexible conservative, he

Australian literature: Literature from 1970 to 2000: And Kim Scott, with his novel Benang (1999), became the first Aboriginal writer to win the prestigious Miles Franklin Award (which he shared with Astley). By the example of these and other Aboriginal writers, Aboriginal people have asserted their claim to the imaginative territory of Australia—a…

William Dieterle: Later films: …he directed two films starring Lizabeth Scott: Paid in Full, a highly contrived soap opera, and Dark City, a good if unsurprising noir that cast Charlton Heston in his first major Hollywood role. That year also saw the release of the popular September Affair, which featured an unabashedly soapy romance…

Houston Astros: Future Cy Young Award winner Mike Scott was acquired in 1983, and he teamed with Ryan to give the Astros one of the most formidable pair of starting pitchers in the NL. In 1986 Houston earned another berth in the NLCS, where it was defeated by the New York Mets…

Patricia Schroeder was a U.S. politician who was the first woman elected to Congress from Colorado, serving in the U.S. House of Representatives (1973–97). She was known for her outspoken liberal positions on social welfare, women’s rights, and military spending. Schroeder received a bachelor’s

Paul Scott was a British novelist known for his chronicling of the decline of the British occupation of India, most fully realized in his series of novels known as The Raj Quartet (filmed for television as The Jewel in the Crown in 1984). Scott left school at 16 to train as an accountant. He joined

Paul Scott was a British novelist known for his chronicling of the decline of the British occupation of India, most fully realized in his series of novels known as The Raj Quartet (filmed for television as The Jewel in the Crown in 1984). Scott left school at 16 to train as an accountant. He joined

Budd Boetticher: Westerns: …writer Burt Kennedy and actor Randolph Scott for a series of taut, psychologically complex westerns. The first was Seven Men from Now (1956), with Scott as an ex-sheriff who methodically tracks down the seven criminals who killed his wife; Lee Marvin was impressive as an opportunistic villain. The Tall T…

Cozy Cole: …CBS radio to play with Raymond Scott’s orchestra. In the next year he appeared in the Broadway musical Carmen Jones, performing “Beat Out Dat Rhythm on a Drum,” and he later played with the Benny Goodman Quintet in Seven Lively Arts (1945), another musical. From 1949 to 1953 he toured…

Rick Scott is an American Republican politician who was elected to represent the state of Florida in the U.S. Senate in 2018. He had previously served as governor of the state (2011–19). Scott was born Richard Lynn Myers, the second child of Gordon Myers and Esther (née Fry) Myers. His parents

Rick Scott is an American Republican politician who was elected to represent the state of Florida in the U.S. Senate in 2018. He had previously served as governor of the state (2011–19). Scott was born Richard Lynn Myers, the second child of Gordon Myers and Esther (née Fry) Myers. His parents

Ridley Scott is a British film director and producer whose movies are acclaimed for their visual style and rich details. Scott’s father was in the military, and the family lived in several different places during World War II. After the war they settled in the Teeside metropolitan area of

Henry George Liddell: …a fellow student at Oxford, Robert Scott, began preparing the Lexicon, basing their work on the Greek–German lexicon of Francis Passow, professor at the University of Breslau.

Robert Falcon Scott was a British naval officer and explorer who led the famed ill-fated second expedition to reach the South Pole (1910–12). Scott joined the Royal Navy in 1880 and by 1897 had become a first lieutenant. While commanding an Antarctic expedition on the HMS Discovery (1901–04), he

Ronnie Scott was a British jazz entrepreneur and musician whose London nightclub, Ronnie Scott’s, became one of the world’s most famed jazz venues. A gifted bebop tenor saxophonist, he founded his club in 1959 and presented many of the outstanding American and European jazz musicians there while

AC/DC: November 18, 2017, Sydney, Australia), Bon Scott (original name Ronald Belford Scott; b. July 9, 1946, Kirriemuir, Angus, Scotland—d. February 21, 1980, London, England), Brian Johnson (b. October 5, 1947, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England), Phil Rudd (original name Phillip Rudzevecuis; b. May 19, 1954, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia),…

Ronnie Scott was a British jazz entrepreneur and musician whose London nightclub, Ronnie Scott’s, became one of the world’s most famed jazz venues. A gifted bebop tenor saxophonist, he founded his club in 1959 and presented many of the outstanding American and European jazz musicians there while

Sheila Scott was a British aviator who broke more than 100 light-aircraft records between 1965 and 1972 and was the first British pilot to fly solo around the world. (Read Orville Wright’s 1929 biography of his brother, Wilbur.) After attending a Worcester boarding school, Scott became a trainee

Sir George Gilbert Scott was an English architect, one of the most successful and prolific exponents of the Gothic Revival style during the Victorian period. Scott was apprenticed to a London architect and designed the first of his many churches in 1838; but his real artistic education dates from

Sir Giles Gilbert Scott was an English architect who designed numerous public buildings in the eclectic style of simplified historical modes often termed 20th-century traditionalism. Like his famous grandfather, Sir George Gilbert Scott, he was primarily a church builder, his greatest individual

Sir Peter Markham Scott was a British conservationist and artist. He founded the Severn Wildfowl Trust (1946; renamed the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust) and helped establish the World Wildlife Fund (1961; renamed the World Wide Fund for Nature). Scott, who was the son of Antarctic explorer Robert

Sir Walter Scott was a Scottish novelist, poet, historian, and biographer who is often considered both the inventor and the greatest practitioner of the historical novel. (Read Sir Walter Scott’s 1824 Britannica essay on chivalry.) Scott’s father was a lawyer, and his mother was the daughter of a

Sir Walter Scott was a Scottish novelist, poet, historian, and biographer who is often considered both the inventor and the greatest practitioner of the historical novel. (Read Sir Walter Scott’s 1824 Britannica essay on chivalry.) Scott’s father was a lawyer, and his mother was the daughter of a

Texas and Pacific Railway Company: Under Thomas A. Scott, who was simultaneously president of the Pennsylvania Railroad, the line attempted to build to New Mexico and Arizona, where it could obtain a land grant for further expansion, but this plan was eventually abandoned.

Tim Scott is a Republican U.S. senator from South Carolina. He was appointed to the office in 2013 and won a special election the following year. He was reelected in 2016 and 2022. Scott is the first African American to be elected to the U.S. Senate from a Southern state since Reconstruction. He

Tim Scott is a Republican U.S. senator from South Carolina. He was appointed to the office in 2013 and won a special election the following year. He was reelected in 2016 and 2022. Scott is the first African American to be elected to the U.S. Senate from a Southern state since Reconstruction. He

Denzel Washington: Superstardom: Malcolm X and Training Day: …movies he made with director Tony Scott.

Auto-Tune: Impact on the music industry: For example, rapper Travis Scott’s album ASTROWORLD (2018) features intensely Auto-Tuned vocals, contributing to the “dreamy” ambiance of the album. Post Malone jokingly told his fans that he would sound terrible without Auto-Tune, and his album Beerbongs & Bentleys (2018) features Auto-Tuned songs such as “Rockstar” and “Congratulations.”…

Vera Charlotte Scott Cushman was an American social worker, an active and influential figure in the early 20th-century growth and war work of the Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA). Vera Scott was the daughter of a Scots Irish immigrant merchant whose business eventually became part of the

Saskatchewan: History of Saskatchewan: …the first premier appointed was Walter Scott, a believer in partisan politics, as opposed to those who favoured a continuation of the kind of cooperative effort that had led to the creation of Saskatchewan as a separate province. A member of the party in federal power at the time, the…

Disciples of Christ: Origins: His colleague Walter Scott developed a reasonable, scriptural “plan of salvation.” Its “positive,” or objective, steps into the church (faith, repentance, baptism, remission of sins, gift of the Holy Spirit) attracted thousands who longed for religious security but had not experienced the emotional crisis and subjective assurance…

Winfield Scott was an American army officer who held the rank of general in three wars and was the unsuccessful Whig candidate for president in 1852. He was the foremost American military figure between the Revolution and the Civil War. Scott was commissioned a captain of artillery in 1808 and

Scott-Moncrieff Commission, delegation appointed in 1901 by George Nathaniel Curzon, the British viceroy of India, to draw up a comprehensive irrigation plan for India. This was a result of Lord Curzon’s observation of famine conditions soon after his arrival in 1899. The commission was named for

Scottish terrier, short-legged terrier breed often held by its admirers to be the oldest of the Highland terriers, although this contention has not been proved. A small, squat, bewhiskered dog with wide-set, alert-looking eyes, short legs, and a distinctive rolling gait, the Scottie has a hard,

Scotland: Ethnic groups: …basis for a rich unified Scottish culture; the people of Shetland and Orkney have tended to remain apart from both of these elements and to look to Scandinavia as the mirror of their Norse heritage. Important immigrant groups have arrived, most notably Irish labourers; there have also been significant groups…

harebell, (Campanula rotundifolia), widespread, slender-stemmed perennial of the family Campanulaceae. The harebell bears nodding blue bell-like flowers. It is native to woods, meadows, and cliffsides of northern Eurasia and North America and of mountains farther south. There are more than 30 named

Scottish Borders, council area, southeastern Scotland, its location along the English border roughly coinciding with the drainage basin of the River Tweed. Its rounded hills and undulating plateaus—including the Lammermuir Hills, the Moorfoot Hills, the Tweedsmuir Hills, and the Cheviot Hills—form

Hugh MacDiarmid: …1922 he founded the monthly Scottish Chapbook, in which he advocated a Scottish literary revival and published the lyrics of “Hugh MacDiarmid,” later collected as Sangschaw (1925) and Penny Wheep (1926). Rejecting English as a medium for Scottish poetry, MacDiarmid scrutinized the pretensions and hypocrisies of modern society in verse…

makar, any of the Scottish courtly poets who flourished from about 1425 to 1550. The best known are Robert Henryson, William Dunbar, Gavin Douglas, and Sir David Lyndsay; the group is sometimes expanded to include James I of Scotland and Harry the Minstrel, or Blind Harry. Because Geoffrey Chaucer

India: Cultural effects: …college, along with Alexander Duff’s Scottish Church College, also in Calcutta, became a center of Western influence and saw the rise of the Young Bengal movement, the Westernizing zeal of which denied the Hindu religion itself.

Scotland: Political process: …known in Scotland as the Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party) and Labour parties, but thereafter into the early 21st century the Labour Party dominated Scottish politics. Indeed, at the 1997 national election the Conservative Party returned no members to the House of Commons. From Keir Hardie, who cofounded the Independent…

Scottish deerhound, dog breed called the “royal dog of Scotland,” known since the 16th century. It was once the exclusive property of the nobility, who prized it as a hunter of the Scottish stag. Like the greyhound in build but larger and more heavily boned, the Scottish deerhound stands 28 to 32

Scottish Enlightenment, the conjunction of minds, ideas, and publications in Scotland during the whole of the second half of the 18th century and extending over several decades on either side of that period. Contemporaries referred to Edinburgh as a “hotbed of genius.” Voltaire in 1762 wrote in

alliterative verse: …usually held to be “Scottish Fielde,” which deals with the Battle of Flodden (1513).

Scottish fold cat, Breed of domestic cat with ears that fold forward and down. A Scottish shepherd discovered the foundation cat—Susie, a white barn cat—in 1961. Scottish folds may be longhaired or shorthaired and of various colours and patterns. Susie’s fold was caused by a genetic mutation that

Scotland: Education of Scotland: The Scottish Further and Higher Education Funding Council (formed in 2005 from the amalgamation of the Scottish Higher Education Funding Council and the Scottish Further Education Funding Council) plays a key role in allocating funds to institutions in these sectors.

Scots Gaelic language, a member of the Goidelic group of Celtic languages, spoken along the northwest coast of Scotland and in the Hebrides islands. Australia, the United States, and Canada (particularly Nova Scotia) are also home to Scots Gaelic communities. Scots Gaelic is a recent offshoot of

Celtic literature: Scottish Gaelic: The earliest extant Scottish Gaelic writing consists of marginalia added in the 12th century to the Latin Gospels contained in the 9th-century Book of Deer. The most important early Gaelic literary manuscript is The Book of the Dean