connective tissue disease: Necrotizing vasculitides: Takayasu arteritis, with variants called pulseless disease, branchial arteritis, and giant-cell arteritis of the aorta, involves principally the thoracic aorta (chest portion) and the adjacent segments of its large branches. Symptoms, including diminished or absent pulses in the arms, are related to narrowing and obstruction of these vessels. Takayasu arteritis…

Tekezē River, river, major tributary of the Atbara River, itself a tributary of the Nile. It rises near Lalībela, Ethiopia, and flows in a deep ravine, north and then west, where it forms part of the border between Ethiopia and Eritrea, to enter Sudan below Om Hajer. It joins the Atbara River 35

Last year you took the time and effort to make a budget. Good for you! Hopefully instead of just setting and forgetting it, you tried to live within that budget. But was it reasonable? Has anything changed in your expenses or income that requires adjustment? Do you need to make some tweaks to the

Mitchell Leisen: Films of the 1940s of Mitchell Leisen: Take a Letter, Darling (1942) featured MacMurray as the male secretary (a painter who needs a day job) to a high-powered advertising executive (Rosalind Russell) who falls for him despite her better judgment. In the visually arresting No Time for Love (1943), MacMurray played a…

If you crash your car, get sick, see a tree crush your garage, or worst of all, if you lose someone in your immediate family suddenly, insurance helps cover the financial cost. Different types of insurance address just about every contingency—including events that aren’t catastrophic. So the

novelty song: …(Dave Brubeck’s jazz number “Take Five,”a hit in 1961; Laurie Anderson’s performance art work “O Superman,” in 1981).

Carole King: …number one songs were “Take Good Care of My Baby” (1961; Bobby Vee), “The Loco-Motion” (1962; Little Eva), and “Go Away, Little Girl” (1962; Steve Lawrence). Other King and Goffin hits included “Up on the Roof” (1962; the Drifters

Jackson Browne: …the Eagles (most notably “Take It Easy”).

Jackie Gleason: …performance in the Broadway musical Take Me Along (1959), Gleason continued hosting television variety shows through the 1960s and landed some choice movie roles. His portrayal of pool shark Minnesota Fats in The Hustler (1961) garnered an Oscar nomination for best supporting actor, and in the next few years he…

Faith Hill: …Hill released her first album, Take Me As I Am, which included two country chart-topping singles, “Wild One” and “Piece of My Heart”. Her second album, It Matters to Me, appeared in 1995 and produced a number one single of the same title. The following year, Hill embarked on the…

the Ronettes: Her biggest solo hit, “Take Me Home Tonight,” a duet with Eddie Money, reached number four on the Billboard chart in 1986. Her autobiography is descriptively titled Be My Baby: How I Survived Mascara, Miniskirts, and Madness; or, My Life as a Fabulous Ronette (1990). The Ronettes were inducted…

John Denver: …recorded the million-selling single "Take Me Home, Country Roads," and that was followed by the evocative "Rocky Mountain High" (1972) and the smash hit "Sunshine on My Shoulders" (1974).

American literature: The Off-Broadway ascendancy: …The American Plan (1990), and Take Me Out (2002), the last about a gay baseball player who reveals his homosexuality to his teammates. Donald Margulies dealt more directly with Jewish family life in The Loman Family Picnic (1989). He also explored the ambitions and relationships of artists in such plays…

Stanley Donen: Early life and work: …for renowned choreographer Busby Berkeley’s Take Me Out to the Ball Game (1949), which he also choreographed.

Chicago Cubs: … led the singing of “Take Me Out to the Ballgame” from 1982 until 1997 (he died in February 1998); guest “conductors” now lead the crowd.

Hi Records: …cover version of Green’s “Take Me to the River” in 1978, and glimpses of Hi’s slinky rhythms could be heard in the more overtly eroticized house music of Chicago in the 1980s.

Douglas Sirk: Films of the early to mid-1950s: …scientist, to the musical comedy Take Me to Town (1953) and everything in between, those films are little remembered.

Carol Ann Duffy: …also authored such plays as Take My Husband (1982) and Little Women, Big Boys (1986). At the beginning of the 21st century, much of her work was written for children, including the picture books Underwater Farmyard (2002), The Tear Thief (2007), The Princess’s Blankets (2009), and Dorothy Wordsworth’s Christmas Birthday…

Guy Butler: …include The Dove Returns (1954), Take Root or Die (1966), and Cape Charade (1967). Stranger to Europe (1952) contains some of Butler’s first poetry. Other poetry volumes include Selected Poems (1975; rev. ed., 1989), Songs and Ballads (1978), and Pilgrimage to Dias Cross (1987). In 1989 he edited (with Jeff…

Michael Shannon: Breakthrough with Revolutionary Road and sundry bad guys: …for the powerful psychological thriller Take Shelter, in which he stars as a small-town husband and father who becomes troubled by increasingly ominous apocalyptic visions. In his review in The Hollywood Reporter, movie critic David Rooney wrote, “With his sad-eyed intensity and a towering physicality almost like that of Frankenstein’s…

Duke Ellington: Masterworks and popular songs of the 1930s and ’40s: …the band’s theme song, “Take the ‘A’ Train,” had become Ellington’s composing-arranging partner.

Take the Money and Run, American screwball comedy film, released in 1969, that was cowritten and directed by Woody Allen and marked his first leading role onscreen. The film, presented in a “mockumentary” format, recounts the misadventures of would-be master criminal Virgil Starkwell (played by

Sarah Polley: Her 2011 feature film, Take This Waltz, which she wrote and directed, was named one of Canada’s Top Ten features of the year by the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), as was her next film, the highly personal documentary Stories We Tell (2012), which explored the nuances of her…

Takebe Katahiro was a Japanese mathematician of the wasan (“Japanese calculation”) tradition (see mathematics, East Asian: Japan in the 17th century) who extended and disseminated the mathematical research of his teacher Seki Takakazu (c. 1640–1708). Takebe’s career was one of the most prestigious

Takeda Shingen was a daimyo (feudal lord) and one of the most-famous military leaders of Japan, who struggled for mastery of the strategic Kantō Plain in east-central Honshu during the chaotic Sengoku (“Warring States”) period of civil unrest in the 16th century. Takeda is especially well known for

Japanese performing arts: Tokugawa period: A theatre manager and writer, Takeda Izumo II (1691–1756), collaborated with several other authors on all-day history plays, the so-called “Three Great Masterpieces” of puppet drama: Sugawara denju tenarai kagami (1746; The Secret of Sugawara’s Calligraphy), Yoshitsune sembonzakura (1747; Yoshitsune and the Thousand Cherry Trees), and Kanadehon chūshingura (1748; Chūshingura:…

Takeda Shingen was a daimyo (feudal lord) and one of the most-famous military leaders of Japan, who struggled for mastery of the strategic Kantō Plain in east-central Honshu during the chaotic Sengoku (“Warring States”) period of civil unrest in the 16th century. Takeda is especially well known for

Kōfu: The city houses the Shintō Takeda Shrine, dedicated to Takeda Shingen. Pop. (2010) 198,992; (2015) 193,125.

Niger: Early cultures: …earlier and later) the Tuareg-controlled kingdom of Takedda, west of the Aïr Massif, played a prominent role in long-distance trade, notably owing to the importance of its copper mines. Copper was then used as a currency throughout western Africa. Archaeological evidence attests to the existence of communities of agriculturalists, probably…

Takefu, city, Fukui ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It is situated on the alluvial fan of the Hino River. During the Tokugawa period (1603–1867), it was a castle town and a provincial capital. The city’s traditional industry is the manufacture of cutlery. During the Meiji period (1868–1912), silk

George Takei is an American actor, writer, and activist best known for playing the part of Lieutenant Sulu in the television and film series Star Trek. Takei is also a dedicated activist in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) and Asian American communities. Takei’s father,

George Takei is an American actor, writer, and activist best known for playing the part of Lieutenant Sulu in the television and film series Star Trek. Takei is also a dedicated activist in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) and Asian American communities. Takei’s father,

Higuchi Ichiyō: …and her masterpiece, Takekurabe (1895; Growing Up), a delicate story of children being reared on the fringes of the pleasure district.

Penutian languages: (extinct), Molale (extinct), Coos, Takelma (extinct), Kalapuya, Chinook (not to be confused with Chinook Jargon, a trade language or lingua franca), Tsimshian, and Zuni, each a family consisting of a single language. All but four of the surviving familes are spoken by fewer than 150 persons.

jōruri: …between Chikamatsu and the chanter Takemoto Gidayū (1651–1714) raised the puppet theatre to a high art. Gidayū himself became so famous that his style, gidayū-bushi (“Gidayū music”), became nearly synonymous with jōruri.

Japanese performing arts: Tokugawa period: …chanter Takemoto Gidayū at the Takemoto Puppet Theatre in Ōsaka, the city which became the home of puppet theatre in Japan. The chanter is responsible not only for narrating the play but for providing the voices of all the puppet characters as well; Gidayū’s expressive delivery style remains influential to…

Jorie Graham: The Taken-Down God: Selected Poems 1997–2008 (2013) and From the New World: Poems 1976–2014 (2015) are additional surveys of her work. The poems in Fast (2017) center on loss and mourning. In Runaway (2020), Graham continued to explore topical issues, notably climate change and mass…

airplane: …on the ground and during takeoff and landing. Most planes feature an enclosed body (fuselage) to house the crew, passengers, and cargo; the cockpit is the area from which the pilot operates the controls and instruments to fly the plane.

Kitano Takeshi: …began hosting the game show Takeshi’s Castle (1986–89), in which contestants were required to compete in a series of comical physical challenges. The show was broadcast internationally in a variety of condensed versions, usually with commentary mocking the contestants. Kitano made his directorial debut in 1989 with Sono otoko, kyōbō…

Kitano Takeshi: In Takeshis’ (2005), which he also directed, Kitano parodied his public image as a star with a bloated ego, playing a version of himself as well as his own doppelgänger. He followed with two further films featuring incarnations of himself: Kantoku Banzai! (2007; Glory to the…

Takeshita Noboru was the prime minister of Japan from November 1987 to June 1989, at which time he resigned because of his involvement in an influence-peddling scandal. A behind-the-scenes power broker, he continued to shape and control the country’s government after leaving office. Takeshita, the

Japanese literature: Prose: …in Taketori monogatari (10th century; Tale of the Bamboo Cutter), a fairy tale about a princess who comes from the Moon to dwell on Earth in the house of a humble bamboo cutter; the various tests she imposes on her suitors, fantastic though they are, are described with humour and…

Takeuchi Seihō was a representative painter of the modern Japanese style. He started studying painting at the age of 14, and when he was 17 he became a pupil of Kōno Bairei. In 1889 he became a teacher at the Kyōto School of Arts and Crafts. After a year in Europe at the turn of the century he

Takeuchi Seihō was a representative painter of the modern Japanese style. He started studying painting at the age of 14, and when he was 17 he became a pupil of Kōno Bairei. In 1889 he became a teacher at the Kyōto School of Arts and Crafts. After a year in Europe at the turn of the century he

Tachos, second king (reigned 365–360 bc) of the 30th dynasty of Egypt; he led an unsuccessful attack on the Persians in Phoenicia. Tachos was aided in the undertaking by the aged Spartan king Agesilaus II, who led a body of Greek mercenaries, and by the Athenian fleet commander Chabrias. Tachos,

religious dress: Later religious dress: …the kittel being interpreted as takhrikhim, or graveclothes, which are worn to aid the worshipper’s mood of repentance, a practice also adopted by the ḥazzan (cantor) on two other occasions and by the host at the seder (meal) on Passover (a feast celebrating the Exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt…

Persepolis, an ancient capital of the kings of the Achaemenian dynasty of Iran (Persia), located about 30 miles (50 km) northeast of Shīrāz in the Fars region of southwestern Iran. The site lies near the confluence of the Pulvār (Sīvand) and Kor rivers. In 1979 the ruins were designated a UNESCO

Takht-e Soleymān, ancient city and Zoroastrian temple complex of Iran’s Sāsānian dynasty, subsequently occupied by other groups, including the Mongol Il-Khanid dynasty. It is located in northwestern Iran in the southeastern highlands of Western Āz̄arbāyjān province, about 25 miles (40 km) northeast

Elburz Mountains: …in the glaciated massif of Takht-e Soleymān, which rises to more than 15,750 feet (4,800 metres).

Persepolis, an ancient capital of the kings of the Achaemenian dynasty of Iran (Persia), located about 30 miles (50 km) northeast of Shīrāz in the Fars region of southwestern Iran. The site lies near the confluence of the Pulvār (Sīvand) and Kor rivers. In 1979 the ruins were designated a UNESCO

Canellales: Distribution and abundance: Takhtajania, a genus with a single species (T. perrieri), occurs in Madagascar and is the most distinctive member of the family. Pseudowintera (3 species) is restricted to New Zealand. Drimys (about 8 species) occurs in Central and South America, from Mexico to Tierra del Fuego;…

Sranan, creole language spoken in Suriname (formerly Dutch Guiana) in northeastern South America. Sranan is spoken by almost the entire population of Suriname as either a first or a second language, as well as by a large emigrant population in the Netherlands. It functions as a lingua franca and as

Uto-Aztecan languages: The languages of the Southern Uto-Aztecan division are as follows:

takin, (Budorcas taxicolor), heavily built, hoofed mammal of Southeast Asia, belonging to the family Bovidae (order Artiodactyla). The takin lives singly or in small herds in the mountains, usually below the timberline. Robust and short-legged, it can move about quickly and easily over difficult

Paul Monette: …later by his debut novel, Taking Care of Mrs. Carroll, a comedy involving a homosexual couple’s attempt to claim a dead woman’s estate. His other prose works include The Gold Diggers (1979), the murder mystery The Long Shot (1981), and Lightfall (1982). Though Monette later described the novels as “glib…

Kevin Bacon: Breakthrough in Footloose and later film career: …his home in Wyoming in Taking Chance (2009) earned Bacon a Screen Actors Guild Award for outstanding performance by a male actor in a television movie or miniseries and a Golden Glove Award for best actor in a miniseries or motion picture made for television. In the meantime, Bacon received…

Ed Bullins: …he received critical acclaim for The Taking of Miss Janie, a play about the failed alliance of an interracial group of political idealists in the 1960s.

Denzel Washington: Superstardom: Malcolm X and Training Day: …subway train hijacking in Scott’s The Taking of Pelham 1 2 3 (2009).

Robert Shaw: …a gang of hijackers in The Taking of Pelham One Two Three (1974) and a crusty old sailor in the blockbuster Jaws (1975). After his role as an aging Sheriff of Nottingham in Robin and Marian (1976), he appeared in thrillers that included Black Sunday and The Deep (both 1977).…

Miloš Forman: Forman’s first American film was Taking Off (1971), a story about runaway teenagers and their parents. Although not a box-office success, it won the jury grand prize at the Cannes film festival. The movie was also notable for being the last of Forman’s works to incorporate his early themes. Most…

ethics: Rights theories: …for a different view in Taking Rights Seriously (1977) and subsequent works. Dworkin agreed with Nozick that rights should not be overridden for the sake of improved welfare: rights are, he said, “trumps” over ordinary consequentialist considerations. In Dworkin’s theory, however, the rights to equal concern and respect are fundamental,…

Alice Walker: Later work and controversies: …Require Furious Dancing (2010), and Taking the Arrow Out of the Heart (2018). Her Blue Body Everything We Know: Earthling Poems (1991) collects poetry from 1965 to 1990.

Investors juggle dozens of monthly data releases, but gross domestic product (GDP) is “king of the hill” as the ultimate measure of economic health. At a high level, GDP reports tell you if the U.S. economy is expanding or contracting and why. Companies and the Federal Reserve often base decisions

the Chicks: …tour and the release of Taking the Long Way. Several tracks, notably “Not Ready to Make Nice,” responded defiantly to the group’s detractors, and the album’s sound, decidedly more rock than country, clearly signaled the Dixie Chicks’ desire to move on to new musical possibilities and new audiences. The documentary…

Ang Lee: …in World War II, and Taking Woodstock (2009), a comedy about a young man’s pivotal role in staging the famed Woodstock Music and Art Fair. He returned in 2012 with Life of Pi, an adaptation of Yann Martel’s fablelike novel (2001) in which an Indian boy, having survived a shipwreck…

Fifth Amendment: Takings: The Fifth Amendment mentions property twice— once in the due process clause and again as the amendment’s entire final clause, commonly known as the “takings clause.” The common denominator of property rights is the concept of fairness that applies to the authority of the federal…

Fifth Amendment: Takings: The Fifth Amendment mentions property twice— once in the due process clause and again as the amendment’s entire final clause, commonly known as the “takings clause.” The common denominator of property rights is the concept of fairness that applies to the authority of the federal…

sculpture: Modern forms of sculpture: …by magnetism, the speciality of Nicholus Takis; by a variety of electromechanical devices; or by the participation of the spectator himself. The neo-Dada satire quality of the kinetic sculpture created during the 1960s is exemplified by the works of Jean Tinguely. His self-destructing “Homage to New York” perfected the concept…

Takizawa Bakin was the dominant Japanese writer of the early 19th century, admired for his lengthy, serious historical novels that are highly moral in tone. Bakin was the third son of a low-ranking samurai family. His father and mother died while he was still young, and, because of the famine and

Takakkaw Falls, cataract on the Yoho River, and a major feature in the northern part of Yoho National Park in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. The Takakkaw (Cree Indian for “wonderful”) Falls is formed by meltwater from the Daly Glacier in the Waputik Mountains and consists of three distinct,

takkanah, in Judaism, a regulation promulgated by rabbinic authority to promote the common good or to foster the spiritual development of those under its jurisdiction. Takkanoth, which are considered extensions of Torah Law (that is, the Law of Moses given in the first five books of the Bible), are

takkanah, in Judaism, a regulation promulgated by rabbinic authority to promote the common good or to foster the spiritual development of those under its jurisdiction. Takkanoth, which are considered extensions of Torah Law (that is, the Law of Moses given in the first five books of the Bible), are

takkanah, in Judaism, a regulation promulgated by rabbinic authority to promote the common good or to foster the spiritual development of those under its jurisdiction. Takkanoth, which are considered extensions of Torah Law (that is, the Law of Moses given in the first five books of the Bible), are

takkanah, in Judaism, a regulation promulgated by rabbinic authority to promote the common good or to foster the spiritual development of those under its jurisdiction. Takkanoth, which are considered extensions of Torah Law (that is, the Law of Moses given in the first five books of the Bible), are

Takla Makan Desert, great desert of Central Asia and one of the largest sandy deserts in the world. The Takla Makan occupies the central part of the Tarim Basin in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, western China. The desert area extends about 600 miles (960 km) from west to east, and it has

Takla Makan Desert, great desert of Central Asia and one of the largest sandy deserts in the world. The Takla Makan occupies the central part of the Tarim Basin in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, western China. The desert area extends about 600 miles (960 km) from west to east, and it has

Takla Makan Desert, great desert of Central Asia and one of the largest sandy deserts in the world. The Takla Makan occupies the central part of the Tarim Basin in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, western China. The desert area extends about 600 miles (960 km) from west to east, and it has

South Sulawesi: Geography: The Tineba Mountains and the Takolekaju Mountains form the northern part of the chain; separated by steep-sided rift valleys, these two ranges run parallel to each other and cover most of the northern half of the province. The highest peak in Celebes, Mount Rantekombola, rises to 11,335 feet (3,455 metres)…

Takoma Park, city, Montgomery county, central Maryland, U.S., on Sligo Creek. It was founded in 1883 by real estate developer Benjamin F. Gilbert along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad track as a northern residential development for Washington, D.C. The Seventh-day Adventists arrived in the 1900s

Sekondi-Takoradi, port city on the Gulf of Guinea (an embayment of the Atlantic Ocean), southern Ghana. Both the Dutch and the British built forts at Sekondi in the 17th century that were destroyed by the Ahanta. Fort Orange, rebuilt by the Dutch and bought by the British in 1872, survives as a

Milan IV (or II) was a prince (1868–82) and then king (1882–89) of Serbia. Succeeding his cousin Prince Michael III of Serbia on July 2, 1868, Milan was dominated during the first years of his reign by a regency that adopted a seemingly liberal constitution in 1869, tried to develop close relations

Thailand: Sports and recreation: The traditional game of takraw, in which participants attempt to keep a woven rattan ball from touching the ground without using their hands, is very popular among young men; it is an internationally competitive sport within the Southeast Asian region. In the 20th century Thailand also adopted several Western…

Tikrīt, city, capital of Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn muḥāfaẓah (governorate), north-central Iraq. It lies on the west bank of the Tigris River about 100 miles (160 km) northwest of Baghdad. In the 10th century Tikrīt had a noted fortress and was home to a large Christian monastery. Its wealth at that time derived

Yiddish literature: The classic writers: …on corruption in his play Di takse (1869; “The Tax”). The title refers to the kosher meat tax imposed on members of the Jewish community, ostensibly to cover the costs of ritual slaughter. Abramovitsh’s scathing account is more successful as social commentary than as a literary work.

Taxila, ancient city of northwestern Pakistan, the ruins of which are about 22 miles (35 km) northwest of Rawalpindi. Its prosperity in ancient times resulted from its position at the junction of three great trade routes: one from eastern India, described by the Greek writer Megasthenes as the

taqsīm , one of the principal instrumental genres of Arabic and Turkish classical music. A taqsīm is ordinarily improvised and consists of several sections; it is usually (though not always) nonmetric. A taqsīm may be a movement of a suite, such as the North African nauba or the Turkish fasil, but

Taksin was a Thai general, conqueror, and later king (1767–82) who reunited Thailand, or Siam, after its defeat at the hands of the Myanmar (Burmese) in 1767. Of Chinese-Thai parentage, Taksin became the protégé of a Thai nobleman who enrolled him in the royal service. In 1764 he gained the rank of

Aelianus: …written in ad 106, Aelianus’ Taktikē theōria (“Tactical Theory”), based on the art of warfare as practiced by the Hellenistic successors of Alexander the Great, was an instruction manual on arming, organizing, deploying, and maneuvering an army in the field. Consulting previous authorities on the subject, Aelianus dealt with a…

Takuan Sōhō was a Japanese Rinzai Zen Buddhist priest responsible for the construction of the Tōkai Temple. Takuan was a poet, calligrapher, painter, and master of the tea ceremony; he also fused the art of swordsmanship with Zen ritual, inspiring many swordsmen of the Tokugawa period (1603–1867).

Carrier, Athabaskan-speaking North American Indian tribe centred in the upper branches of the Fraser River between the Coast Mountains and the Rocky Mountains in what is now central British Columbia. The name by which they are most commonly known derives from the custom in which widows carried the

Takuma School, Japanese school of Buddhist painting that flourished from the 12th to the 14th century during the Kamakura period. It was founded by Takuma Tametō (active 1132–74) and continued by his son Tametatsu. Two branches developed under two other sons: Shōga established the school in Kyōto

Takuma Shōga, original name Takuma Tamemoto was a member of a Japanese family of professional artists who specialized in Buddhist paintings (butsuga), creating a new style of religious painting that incorporated features of Chinese Southern Sung art. A high-ranking priest of the Shingon sect of

Takuma Shōga, original name Takuma Tamemoto was a member of a Japanese family of professional artists who specialized in Buddhist paintings (butsuga), creating a new style of religious painting that incorporated features of Chinese Southern Sung art. A high-ranking priest of the Shingon sect of

industrial design: American hegemony and challenges from abroad: Under this program Takuo Hirano—founder of one of Japan’s largest industrial design firms, Hirano & Associates (1960)—studied at the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, Calif. In 1957 MITI established the Good Design Awards (formerly the Good Design Selection System), or G-Marks. The G-Mark award system consists…

Hiragushi Denchū was a sculptor who worked to preserve traditional Japanese wood-carving methods. Hiragushi set out for Ōsaka at the age of 21 to receive training in wood sculpture from a doll-carving expert, training that greatly influenced his work in later years. He also studied ancient Buddhist

Takutea, raised coral atoll of the southern Cook Islands, a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean. Its first sighting by a European (1777) was by the English navigator Capt. James Cook. The island is very low and occupies about 0.5 square mile (about

Kawaíb: …by statistics of the Tupí-Kawaíb’s Takwatip clan. From a population of 300 individuals in 1915, only 59 persons were alive in 1928, and by 1938 there were only 7 survivors.

playa, flat-bottom depression found in interior desert basins and adjacent to coasts within arid and semiarid regions, periodically covered by water that slowly filtrates into the ground water system or evaporates into the atmosphere, causing the deposition of salt, sand, and mud along the bottom

Mikhail Nekhemyevich Tal was a Latvian chess grandmaster who in 1960, at the age of 23, became the youngest world chess champion when he upset the defending champion, Mikhail Botvinnik, by a score of 12 1 2 to 8 1 2 . (Read Garry Kasparov’s Britannica essay on chess & Deep Blue.) Tal, who learned

tala, in the music of India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, a metric cycle with a specific number of beats—from 3 to 128—that recur in the same pattern throughout a musical performance. Tala might generally be equated with rhythm or meter, although the tala procedure has no precise counterpart in