bat: Locomotion: …as the bamboo bats (Tylonycteris), have specialized wrist and sole pads for moving along and roosting on the smooth surface of leaves or bamboo stalks. Bats are not known to swim in nature except, perhaps, by accident. When they do fall into water, however, they generally swim competently.

vesper bat: The lesser bamboo bat, one of the smallest of bats, is about 4 cm (1.5 inches) in head and body length; it weighs about 2 grams (0.07 ounce) and has a wingspan of 15 cm (6 inches). Other species range up to 10 cm (4 inches)…

tylopod, any of the pad-footed, even-toed, hoofed mammals of the suborder Tylopoda (order Artiodactyla). This group contains three extinct families and one living family, Camelidae, which contains the camels and the lamoids—the llama, alpaca, guanaco, and vicuña. The chief distinguishing features

tylopod, any of the pad-footed, even-toed, hoofed mammals of the suborder Tylopoda (order Artiodactyla). This group contains three extinct families and one living family, Camelidae, which contains the camels and the lamoids—the llama, alpaca, guanaco, and vicuña. The chief distinguishing features

Sir Edward Burnett Tylor was an English anthropologist regarded as the founder of cultural anthropology. His most important work, Primitive Culture (1871), influenced in part by Darwin’s theory of biological evolution, developed the theory of an evolutionary, progressive relationship from primitive

angiosperm: Secondary vascular system: Tyloses are balloonlike outgrowths of parenchyma cells that bulge through the circular bordered pits of vessel members and block water movement. The presence of tyloses in white oaks makes their wood watertight, which is why it is preferred in casks and shipbuilding to red oak,…

angiosperm: Secondary vascular system: Tyloses are balloonlike outgrowths of parenchyma cells that bulge through the circular bordered pits of vessel members and block water movement. The presence of tyloses in white oaks makes their wood watertight, which is why it is preferred in casks and shipbuilding to red oak,…

Ob River: Physiography: …the Vasyugan (left), and the Tym and Vakh rivers (both right). Down to the Vasyugan confluence the river passes through the southern belt of the taiga, thereafter entering the middle belt. Below the Vakh confluence the middle Ob changes its course from northwesterly to westerly and receives more tributaries: the…

cicada: Physical description and song: …noises by vibrating membranes (tymbals) near the base of the abdomen. Males of each species typically have three distinct sound responses: a congregational song that is regulated by daily weather fluctuations and by songs produced by other males; a courtship song, usually produced prior to copulation; and a disturbance…

Poland: Transitioning from communism: …by supporting the dark-horse candidate Stanisław Tyminski, a Polish émigré businessman from Canada who finished second in the balloting. The succession of cabinets in the early 1990s included one government headed by Jan Olszewski, which fell as a result of a clumsy attempt to produce a list of former high-ranking…

Yulia Tymoshenko is a Ukrainian businesswoman and politician who served as prime minister of Ukraine (2005, 2007–10). Tymoshenko’s family lineage has been reported variously as Ukrainian, Russian, Latvian, and Jewish. She married Oleksandr Tymoshenko in 1979 and gave birth to a daughter the

Yulia Tymoshenko is a Ukrainian businesswoman and politician who served as prime minister of Ukraine (2005, 2007–10). Tymoshenko’s family lineage has been reported variously as Ukrainian, Russian, Latvian, and Jewish. She married Oleksandr Tymoshenko in 1979 and gave birth to a daughter the

printmaking: Lithography: Last comes the tympan, a sheet of smooth, tough material that can withstand great pressure without stretching. After the bed is raised to printing position, grease is spread evenly in front of the scraping bar on the tympan to allow it to slide easily. Then the print is…

grasshopper: …hears by means of a tympanal organ situated in the first segment of the abdomen, which is attached to the thorax. Its sense of vision is in the compound eyes, while change in light intensity is perceived in the simple eyes (or ocelli). Although most grasshoppers are herbivorous, only a…

grasshopper: …hears by means of a tympanal organ situated in the first segment of the abdomen, which is attached to the thorax. Its sense of vision is in the compound eyes, while change in light intensity is perceived in the simple eyes (or ocelli). Although most grasshoppers are herbivorous, only a…

timpani, orchestral kettledrums. The name has been applied to large kettledrums since at least the 17th century. The permanent orchestral use of timpani dates from the mid-17th century, early examples being in Matthew Locke’s Psyche (1673) and Jean-Baptiste Lully’s opera Thésée (1675). At first

human ear: Tympanic membrane: …incomplete ring of bone, the tympanic annulus, which almost encircles it and holds it in place. The uppermost small area of the membrane where the ring is open, the pars flaccida, is slack, but the far greater portion, the pars tensa, is tightly stretched. The appearance and mobility of the…

sound reception: The auditory mechanism in frogs: …the air-filled cavity of the middle ear. When the alternating pressures of sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate, the vibrations are transmitted along the columella and through the oval window to the inner ear, where they are relayed to the round window in a path across the otic capsule…

tympanic membrane, thin layer of tissue in the human ear that receives sound vibrations from the outer air and transmits them to the auditory ossicles, which are tiny bones in the tympanic (middle-ear) cavity. It also serves as the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity, separating it from the

grasshopper: …hears by means of a tympanal organ situated in the first segment of the abdomen, which is attached to the thorax. Its sense of vision is in the compound eyes, while change in light intensity is perceived in the simple eyes (or ocelli). Although most grasshoppers are herbivorous, only a…

human ear: Audiometry: …the ear as revealed by tympanometry. This test procedure consists in raising and lowering the air pressure in the middle ear to alter the stiffness in the tympanic membrane while measuring the changes in its compliance in terms of the amount of sound reflected from it.

ear disease: Chronic middle-ear infection: …operation is known as a tympanoplasty, or plastic reconstruction of the middle-ear cavity.

grouse: The greater prairie chicken (T. cupido) is a 45-cm (17.5-inch) bird with brown plumage strongly barred below and a short rounded dark tail; a male may weigh almost 1 kg. It occurs locally from Michigan to Saskatchewan, south to Missouri, New Mexico, and coastal Texas and…

grouse: …grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and the sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus). The former is the largest New World grouse, exceeded in the family only by the capercaillie. A male may be 75 cm (30 inches) long and weigh 3.5 kg (about 7.5 pounds). This species inhabits sagebrush flats. The sharptail, a 45-cm…

tympanum, in Classical architecture, the area enclosed by a pediment, whether triangular or segmental. In a triangular pediment, the area is defined by the horizontal cornice along the bottom and by the raking (sloping) cornice along the sides; in a segmental pediment, the sides have segmental

reptile: Hearing: …typically made up of a tympanum, a thin membrane located at the rear of the head; the stapes, a small bone running between the tympanum and the skull in the tympanic cavity (the middle ear); the inner ear; and a eustachian tube connecting the middle ear with the mouth cavity.…

timpani, orchestral kettledrums. The name has been applied to large kettledrums since at least the 17th century. The permanent orchestral use of timpani dates from the mid-17th century, early examples being in Matthew Locke’s Psyche (1673) and Jean-Baptiste Lully’s opera Thésée (1675). At first

Greece: Central Greece: the Píndos Mountains: …two passes of Métsovon and Mount Timfristós divide the range into three units: a fairly open segment in the north where impervious shales and sandstones have weathered and formed into extensive upland valleys and gently inclining hills; the Píndos proper in the centre, some 20 miles (32 km) wide and…

Katharine Tynan was an Irish poet and novelist whose works are dominated by the combined influences of Roman Catholicism and Irish patriotism. Like the poet William Butler Yeats, she developed a deep and abiding interest in Celtic mythology. Her Collected Poems were published in 1930. A prodigious

Marlene Dietrich: …the words of the critic Kenneth Tynan: “She has sex, but no particular gender. She has the bearing of a man; the characters she plays love power and wear trousers. Her masculinity appeals to women and her sexuality to men.” But her personal magnetism went far beyond her masterful androgynous…

William Tyndale was an English biblical translator, humanist, and Protestant martyr. Tyndale was educated at the University of Oxford and became an instructor at the University of Cambridge, where, in 1521, he fell in with a group of humanist scholars meeting at the White Horse Inn. Tyndale became

Tyndall effect, scattering of a beam of light by a medium containing small suspended particles—e.g., smoke or dust in a room, which makes visible a light beam entering a window. As in Rayleigh scattering, short-wavelength blue light is scattered more strongly than long-wavelength red light.

Mount Kenya: …glaciers, of which Lewis and Tyndall are the largest, feed the streams and marshes on the mountain’s slopes. A markedly radial drainage is characteristic, but all streams eventually flow into the Tana River or the Ewaso Ng’iro River.

Tyndall effect, scattering of a beam of light by a medium containing small suspended particles—e.g., smoke or dust in a room, which makes visible a light beam entering a window. As in Rayleigh scattering, short-wavelength blue light is scattered more strongly than long-wavelength red light.

Tyndall effect, scattering of a beam of light by a medium containing small suspended particles—e.g., smoke or dust in a room, which makes visible a light beam entering a window. As in Rayleigh scattering, short-wavelength blue light is scattered more strongly than long-wavelength red light.

John Tyndall was an Irish experimental physicist who, during his long residence in England, was an avid promoter of science in the Victorian era. Tyndall was born into a poor Protestant Irish family. After a thorough basic education he worked as a surveyor in Ireland and England (1839–47). When his

Tyne and Wear, metropolitan county in northeastern England. Named for its two main rivers, the Tyne and the Wear, it is bounded by the administrative counties of Northumberland (north and west) and Durham (south) and by the North Sea (east). It is an urban industrial region that comprises five

River Tyne, river in northern England, flowing for 62 miles (100 km) into the North Sea below Newcastle upon Tyne. It is formed near Hexham by the confluence of the North Tyne, with its tributary the Rede, and the South Tyne. From Wylam the Tyne is the boundary between the historic counties of

Tynedale, former district, administrative and historic county of Northumberland, northern England, in the western part of the county, bordered on the northwest by Scotland. Tynedale is an area of hills, both rounded and craggy, and bleak moorlands separated by the narrow, fertile valleys of the

Archibald Douglas, 4th earl of Douglas was a Scottish commander in the Scottish and French wars with the English in the early 15th century. Son of the 3rd earl, Archibald the Grim, he married Margaret, daughter of the future Robert III of Scotland. As master of Douglas (1400) he defeated Sir Henry

McCoy Tyner was an American jazz pianist, bandleader, and composer, noted for his technical virtuosity and dazzling improvisations. Tyner began performing with local jazz ensembles while in his mid-teens. He met saxophonist John Coltrane in 1955 and, after a brief stint (1959) with a group led by

McCoy Tyner was an American jazz pianist, bandleader, and composer, noted for his technical virtuosity and dazzling improvisations. Tyner began performing with local jazz ensembles while in his mid-teens. He met saxophonist John Coltrane in 1955 and, after a brief stint (1959) with a group led by

the MC5: >Rob Tyner (original name Robert Derminer; born December 12, 1944, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.—died September 17, 1991, Royal Oak, Michigan) Wayne Kramer (original name Wayne Kambes; born April 30, 1948, Detroit—died February 2, 2024, Los Angeles,

Manchester, city, Hillsborough county, southern New Hampshire, U.S. It lies along the Amoskeag Falls (named for the Indigneous Amoskeag people who once inhabited the area) of the Merrimack River, the 55-foot (17-metre) drop of which provides hydroelectric power. Manchester is the state’s largest

Douglas: The Tynwald Court is composed of the two legislative branches—the House of Keys and the Legislative Council—sitting in joint session, but voting separately. The town’s primary occupations are tourism, light precision engineering, brewing, and mineral water works. At the mouth of the rivers is the harbour,…

Russian literature: Experiments in the 1920s: …of them, Viktor Shklovsky and Yury Tynyanov, wrote significant fiction illustrating their theories: Shklovsky’s Zoo; ili, pisma ne o lyubvi (1923; Zoo; or, Letters Not About Love) and Tynyanov’s “Podporuchik kizhe” (1927; “Second Lieutenant Likewise”). Their respectful opponent, Mikhail Bakhtin, whom some consider the most original, far-ranging, and subtle theorist…

African art: Lower Congo (Kongo) cultural area: The Teke live on the banks of the Congo River. They are best known for their fetishes, called butti, which serve in the cult of a wide range of supernatural forces sent by the ancestors, who are not worshiped directly. Each figure has its own specific…

Kingdom of Anziku, historic African state on and north of the Congo River in the vicinity of Malebo Pool. The Teke people lived on the plateaus of the region from early times. It is not known when they organized as a kingdom, but by 1600 their state was a rival of the Kongo kingdom south of the

aesthetics: The ontology of art: Peirce therefore calls a a type (i.e., a formula for producing tokens).

submarine: Attack submarines: The first keel of the Type 091 vessel (known as the Han class to NATO), based partly on Soviet designs, was laid down in 1967, and the completed boat was commissioned in 1974. Four more Type 091 boats were commissioned over the next two decades. They were followed by the…

submarine: Attack submarines: They were followed by the Type 093 class (NATO designation Shang), the first of which was commissioned in 2006. The Type 093 boats displace some 6,000 tons submerged and are about 110 metres (360 feet) long. Reflecting China’s strategic goal of asserting its presence against other navies in waters adjacent…

immune system disorder: Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: Type I diabetes mellitus is the autoimmune form of diabetes and often arises in childhood. It is caused by the destruction of cells of the pancreatic tissue called the islets of Langerhans. Those cells normally produce insulin, the hormone that…

immune system disorder: Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: Type I diabetes mellitus is the autoimmune form of diabetes and often arises in childhood. It is caused by the destruction of cells of the pancreatic tissue called the islets of Langerhans. Those cells normally produce insulin, the hormone that…

female genital cutting: The procedure: …defined four categories of FGC:

hemochromatosis: Type 1 is characterized by the appearance of symptoms in men between the ages of 40 and 60 and in women after menopause (when iron is no longer lost through menstruation and pregnancy). Type 2, also called juvenile hemochromatosis, is divided into types 2A and…

polyglandular autoimmune syndrome: Type 1 polyglandular autoimmune syndrome occurs in children or adolescents and is characterized primarily by hypoparathyroidism (deficiency of parathormone), infection with the fungal organism Candida albicans, which causes candidiasis of the skin or the mucous membrane of the mouth, and adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease). Affected…

Seyfert galaxy: The nuclear spectra of Type 1 Seyfert galaxies show broad emission lines, which are indicative of a central concentration of hot gas that is expanding at speeds of up to thousands of kilometres per second. Type 2 Seyferts have strong emission lines, but they indicate more-modest velocities, less than…

diabetes mellitus: Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1 diabetes, accounting for about 90 percent of all cases. The frequency of type 2 diabetes varies greatly within and between countries and is increasing throughout the world. Most patients with type…

diabetes mellitus: Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1 diabetes, accounting for about 90 percent of all cases. The frequency of type 2 diabetes varies greatly within and between countries and is increasing throughout the world. Most patients with type…

female genital cutting: The procedure: Excision. Type 2 FGC involves the partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora. It can also include the removal of the labia majora. Infibulation (also called Pharoanic circumcision). The vaginal opening is reduced by removing all or parts of the external…

hemochromatosis: Type 2, also called juvenile hemochromatosis, is divided into types 2A and 2B based on different genetic mutations and is characterized by the onset of symptoms in childhood that often lead to delayed puberty or sex hormone deficiencies. Type 3 is characterized by the onset…

polyglandular autoimmune syndrome: Type 2 polyglandular autoimmune syndrome occurs in adults and is characterized by adrenal insufficiency, type I diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism or Graves disease, hypogonadism, and pernicious anemia. Type 2 polyglandular autoimmune syndrome may affect multiple members of a family, but the pattern of inheritance is not…

Seyfert galaxy: Type 2 Seyferts have strong emission lines, but they indicate more-modest velocities, less than 1,000 km/sec. Seyfert galaxies appear normal in ordinary images but are extremely strong sources of infrared radiation. Moreover, many are powerful sources of radio energy and X-rays as well. Seyfert nuclei…

female genital cutting: The procedure: Infibulation (also called Pharoanic circumcision). The vaginal opening is reduced by removing all or parts of the external genitalia (the clitoris, labia minora, and labia majora) and sewing, pinning, or otherwise causing the remaining tissue to fuse together during the healing process. Those procedures that…

female genital cutting: The procedure: The operation is often performed without anesthesia and under conditions that are not hygienic. Its physiological repercussions generally increase with the amount of cutting;…

Ettore Arco Isidoro Bugatti: Type 41 (“Golden Bugatti,” or “La Royale”), produced in the 1920s, was probably the most meticulously built of all cars and one of the most costly; only a few (six to eight) were constructed. The Bugatti firm did not survive very long after Ettore Bugatti’s…

warship: Destroyers and escort ships: These torpedoes were the Type 93 Long Lances, which proved extremely effective in the U.S.-Japanese naval battles around the Solomon Islands in 1942–43.

air warfare: Ground attack: …and Helldiver and the Japanese Type 99 “Val” applied this maneuver to naval warfare. Dropping straight down from a cruising altitude of about 15,000 feet and releasing their bombs from below 2,000 feet, these planes destroyed or damaged many battleships and aircraft carriers. During the assault phase of amphibious landings,…

ABO blood group system: Persons may thus have type A, type B, type O, or type AB blood. The A, B, and O blood groups were first identified by Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner in 1901. See blood group.

Köppen climate classification: Type A climates: Köppen’s A climates are found in a nearly unbroken belt around the Earth at low latitudes, mostly within 15° N and S. Their location within a region in which available net solar radiation is large and relatively constant from month to month…

antigenic drift: …drift is best characterized in influenza type A viruses. The viral coats, or outer surfaces, of these viruses contain two major antigenic glycoproteins—hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N)—which differ between influenza A subtypes (e.g., H1N1, H3N2, H5N1). The subtle mutations accumulated through antigenic drift of these subtypes give rise to different…

ABO blood group system: …type B, type O, or type AB blood. The A, B, and O blood groups were first identified by Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner in 1901. See blood group.

Cretaceous Period: Major subdivisions of the Cretaceous System: …Le Mans, France, as the type area. The Cenomanian Age is the interval of time that corresponds to the rocks, sediments, and fossils described in the type area for the Cenomanian Stage. For the Lower Cretaceous Series the stages are the Berriasian, Valanginian, Hauterivian, Barremian, Aptian, and Albian.

ABO blood group system: …may thus have type A, type B, type O, or type AB blood. The A, B, and O blood groups were first identified by Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner in 1901. See blood group.

Köppen climate classification: Type B climates: Arid and semiarid climates cover about a quarter of Earth’s land surface, mostly between 50° N and 50° S, but they are mainly found in the 15–30° latitude belt in both hemispheres. They exhibit low precipitation, great variability in precipitation from year…

Köppen climate classification: Type C and D climates: Through a major portion of the middle and high latitudes (mostly from 25° to 70° N and S) lies a group of climates classified within the Köppen scheme as C and D types. Most of these regions lie beneath the upper-level,…

Köppen climate classification: Type C and D climates: Through a major portion of the middle and high latitudes (mostly from 25° to 70° N and S) lies a group of climates classified within the Köppen scheme as C and D types. Most of these regions lie beneath the upper-level, mid-latitude westerlies…

Köppen climate classification: Type E and H climates: Köppen’s type E climates are controlled by the polar and arctic air masses of high latitudes (60° N and S and higher). These climates are characterized by low temperatures and precipitation and by a surprisingly great diversity of subtypes. In contrast,…

highland climate, major climate type often added to the Köppen classification, although it was not part of German botanist-climatologist Wladimir Köppen’s original or revised systems. It contains all highland areas not easily categorized by other climate types. It is abbreviated H in the

metabolic disease: Congenital disorders of glycosylation: …common form of CDG (type I). Other enzymatic defects have been identified, but the biochemical bases of some CDG subtypes have not yet been determined. The classic form of CDG (type Ia) is characterized by low muscle tone in infancy, severe developmental delay, and brain abnormalities. Children with type…

human ear: Vestibule: …cells are of two types: type I cells have a rounded body enclosed by a nerve calyx, and type II cells have a cylindrical body with nerve endings at the base. They form a mosaic on the surface of the maculae, with the type I cells dominating in a curvilinear…

metabolic disease: Congenital disorders of glycosylation: …common form of CDG (type I). Other enzymatic defects have been identified, but the biochemical bases of some CDG subtypes have not yet been determined. The classic form of CDG (type Ia) is characterized by low muscle tone in infancy, severe developmental delay, and brain abnormalities. Children with type…

immune system disorder: Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: Type I diabetes mellitus is the autoimmune form of diabetes and often arises in childhood. It is caused by the destruction of cells of the pancreatic tissue called the islets of Langerhans. Those cells normally produce insulin, the hormone that…

immune system disorder: Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: Type I diabetes mellitus is the autoimmune form of diabetes and often arises in childhood. It is caused by the destruction of cells of the pancreatic tissue called the islets of Langerhans. Those cells normally produce insulin, the hormone that…

statistics: Hypothesis testing: A type I error corresponds to rejecting H0 when H0 is actually true, and a type II error corresponds to accepting H0 when H0 is false. The probability of making a type I error is denoted by α, and the probability of making a type II…

von Gierke’s disease, most common of a group of hereditary glycogen-storage diseases. It is inherited as an autosomal-recessive trait. In von Gierke’s disease, the body’s metabolism of glycogen is blocked by the absence of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase, which regulates the release of the simple

atopy, type of hypersensitivity characterized by an immediate physiological reaction, with movement of fluid from the blood vessels into the tissues, upon exposure to an allergen. Atopy occurs mainly in persons with a familial tendency to allergic diseases; reaginic antibodies are found in the skin

interferon: Forms: …been classified into two types: type I includes the alpha and beta forms, and type II consists of the gamma form. This division is based on the type of cell that produces the interferon and the functional characteristics of the protein. Type I interferons can be produced by almost any…

meat processing: Myoglobin content: These fibres are often called red fibres. Therefore, dark meat colour is a result of a relatively high concentration of slow-twitch fibres in the muscle of the animal.

osteogenesis imperfecta: …most common type of OI, type I, is normal at birth, but fractures occur over the following years; the frequency of fractures tends to diminish after puberty. The sclerae of the eyes may appear bluish because of their abnormal thinness, which permits the pigmentation of the choroid (the middle coat…

osteogenesis imperfecta: …most common type of OI, type I, is normal at birth, but fractures occur over the following years; the frequency of fractures tends to diminish after puberty. The sclerae of the eyes may appear bluish because of their abnormal thinness, which permits the pigmentation of the choroid (the middle coat…

human respiratory system: The gas-exchange region: …thin, squamous cell type, the type I pneumocyte, covers between 92 and 95 percent of the gas-exchange surface; a second, more cuboidal cell type, the type II pneumocyte, covers the remaining surface. The type I cells form, together with the endothelial cells, the thin air–blood barrier for gas exchange; the…

restriction enzyme: Types I and III enzymes are similar in that both restriction and methylase activities are carried out by one large enzyme complex, in contrast to the type II system, in which the restriction enzyme is independent of its methylase. Type II restriction enzymes also differ…

superconductivity: Critical field: …field apply to ordinary (so-called type I) superconductors. In the following section the behaviour of other (type II) superconductors is examined.

supernova: Type I supernovae: Type I supernovae can be divided into three subgroups—Ia, Ib, and Ic—on the basis of their spectra. The exact nature of the explosion mechanism in Type I generally is still uncertain, although Ia supernovae, at least, are thought to originate in binary…

Type I survivorship curve, in ecology, a curve displayed on a semilogarithmic scale that tracks organisms that tend to live long lives. Survivorship curves can be created by plotting the number of those members of a cohort that are still alive at each age. Organisms that follow the Type I

comet: General considerations: The ion tail forms from the volatile gases in the coma when they are ionized by ultraviolet photons from the Sun and blown away by the solar wind. Ion tails point almost exactly away from the Sun and glow bluish in colour because of the presence…

metabolic disease: Congenital disorders of glycosylation: …classic form of CDG (type Ia) is characterized by low muscle tone in infancy, severe developmental delay, and brain abnormalities. Children with type Ia also have inverted nipples and an unusual distribution of fat, especially in the suprapubic region and buttocks. Other features include hypoglycemia, seizures, stroke-like episodes, retinal…

metabolic disease: Congenital disorders of glycosylation: …classic form of CDG (type Ia) is characterized by low muscle tone in infancy, severe developmental delay, and brain abnormalities. Children with type Ia also have inverted nipples and an unusual distribution of fat, especially in the suprapubic region and buttocks. Other features include hypoglycemia, seizures, stroke-like episodes, retinal…

dark energy: …objects of known luminosity like Type Ia supernovas. Dark energy was discovered in 1998 with this method by two international teams that included American astronomers Adam Riess (the author of this article) and Saul Perlmutter and Australian astronomer Brian Schmidt. The two teams used eight