Henry King: Later films: …the Khyber Rifles (1953) and Untamed (1955), the latter a romantic drama set in South Africa, with Power portraying a Boer commander and Hayward as the woman he loves.

Marisa Tomei: …Christian Slater in the romance Untamed Heart (1993), and played the wife of a newspaper editor in Ron Howard’s The Paper (1994). Her other movies included Unhook the Stars (1996; with Gena Rowlands) and the comedy Slums of Beverly Hills (1998). She appeared on Broadway in 1998 in Wait Until…

Roxane Gay: Bad Feminist and other writings: …when she published the novel An Untamed State, about a woman who is kidnapped while visiting family in Haiti, and the best-selling essay collection Bad Feminist. Both books received accolades from critics, and Bad Feminist in particular highlights Gay’s ability to intertwine cultural commentary and deeply personal experiences in a…

ancient Iran: The Middle Elamite period: …was succeeded by his son, Untash-Gal (Untash [d] Gal, or Untash-Huban), a contemporary of Shalmaneser I of Assyria (c. 1274–c. 1245 bc) and the founder of the city of Dūr Untash (modern Choghā Zanbīl). In the years immediately following Untash-Gal’s reign, Elam increasingly found itself in real or potential conflict…

ancient Iran: The Middle Elamite period: …was succeeded by his son, Untash-Gal (Untash [d] Gal, or Untash-Huban), a contemporary of Shalmaneser I of Assyria (c. 1274–c. 1245 bc) and the founder of the city of Dūr Untash (modern Choghā Zanbīl). In the years immediately following Untash-Gal’s reign, Elam increasingly found itself in real or potential conflict…

Helmut Käutner: …well-regarded Unter den Brücken (1945; Under the Bridges)—a movie made under the arduous conditions of the final days of the war, when filming was frequently interrupted by the noise of Allied bombers en route to Berlin. Perhaps Käutner’s most characteristic film of the period—as well as his most apolitical—it is…

Unter den Linden, avenue in Berlin, Germany, running eastward from the Brandenburg Gate for nearly a mile. The street is named for the linden (lime) trees that formerly grew along the central promenade and now line the sidewalks. The focus of Berlin’s social and cultural life before World War II,

Walther von der Vogelweide: …poems as the popular “Unter der Linden,” achieved a free, uninhibited style in which the poses of court society gave way before the natural affections of village folk.

Hamburg: Site: …old city, to form the Unterelbe, which flows into the North Sea some 65 miles downstream from Hamburg. Two other rivers flow into the Elbe at Hamburg—the Alster from the north and the Bille from the east.

20th-century international relations: The search for a new stability: Oswald Spengler’s 1918–22 best-seller The Decline of the West mourned the engulfing of Kultur by the cosmopolitan anthill of Zivilisation and argued that only a dictatorship could arrest the decline. Sociologist Max Weber hoped for charismatic leadership to overcome bureaucracy. Much painting, music, and film of the 1920s illustrated…

Berlin: Transportation: …the subway, or Untergrundbahn (U-Bahn), was initiated in 1897. By World War II the city had one of the finest rapid transit systems in Europe. After the erection of the wall, the bus became the mainstay of transportation, although streetcar service continued in some eastern districts. After unification, through…

Harz: The Unterharz has a milder climate, which supports grain agriculture and cattle herding; its forests are made up predominantly of beech, oak, and walnut. Among the wild-game animals, bear, lynx, and wolf have been hunted to extinction; deer, fox, wildcat, and badger remain, however. The Harz…

Reuss: The other block, Unterland, around Gera, was bounded east and west by Saxe-Altenburg and north by Prussian Saxony.

Colmar: The Musée d’Unterlinden, formerly a convent, houses the 16th-century Isenheim Altarpiece, the masterwork of the German religious painter Matthias Grünewald. The home of the sculptor of New York City’s Statue of Liberty, Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi, who was born in Colmar in 1834, is a museum.

Hermann Hesse: …the novel Unterm Rad (1906; Beneath the Wheel), in which an overly diligent student is driven to self-destruction.

Freiberg: Nicholas) church; the Untermarkt (Lower Market), a merchant district with the modern cathedral at its centre; and the Oberstadt (Upper City), with the town hall and St. Peter’s Church as its notable landmarks. Medieval buildings include the town hall (1410–16), Freudenstein Castle (rebuilt 1566–79), the cathedral (1484–1501) with…

Louis Untermeyer was an American poet, essayist, and editor who is best known for his numerous poetry anthologies. Untermeyer early developed an interest in literature but dropped out of high school to join his father’s jewelry business in 1902. He continued to write, however, publishing

Philipp Melanchthon: Luther and the Reformation: …resulted in the publication of Unterricht der Visitatoren (“Instructions for Visitors”), a set of instructions for the commissioners. In addition to a statement of Evangelical doctrine, it contained an outline of education for the elementary grades, which was enacted into law in Saxony to establish the first public school system.…

U-boat, (“undersea boat”), a German submarine. The destruction of enemy shipping by German U-boats was a spectacular feature of both World Wars I and II. Germany was the first country to employ submarines in war as substitutes for surface commerce raiders. At the outset of World War I, German

submarine: Toward diesel-electric power: …completed its first submarine, the U-1 (for Unterseeboot 1), in 1905. This craft was 139 feet long, powered on the surface by a heavy oil engine and by an electric motor when submerged, and was armed with one torpedo tube. Thus, the stage was set for the 20th-century submarine, a…

Immanuel Kant: Critic of Leibnizian rationalism: …work of this period was Untersuchung über die Deutlichkeit der Grundsätze der natürlichen Theologie und der Moral (1764; “An Inquiry into the Distinctness of the Fundamental Principles of Natural Theology and Morals”). In this work he attacked the claim of Leibnizian philosophy that philosophy should model itself on mathematics and…

Heinrich Anton de Bary: In his book Untersuchungen über die Brandpilze (1853; “Researches Concerning Fungal Blights”), he correctly asserted that fungi associated with rust and smut diseases of plants are the cause, rather than the effect, of these diseases. In 1865 he proved that the life cycle of wheat rust involves two…

Emil Heinrich Du Bois-Reymond: …summation of his studies in Untersuchungen über thierische Elektricität, 2 vol. (1848–1884; “Researches on Animal Electricity”), created the field of scientific electrophysiology.

Heinrich Mann: …The Poor); Der Untertan (1918; The Patrioteer); and Der Kopf (1925; The Chief)—carries even further his indictment of the social types produced by the authoritarian state. These novels were accompanied by essays attacking the arrogance of authority and the subservience of the subjects. A lighter work of this period is…

Unterwalden, former canton, central Switzerland; it occupied the basins of the Sarner Aa (river) and the Engelberger Aa. The former canton is divided (east and west) into two sovereign half cantons—Nidwalden and Obwalden—based on the medieval distinction between the upper and lower river valleys.

Günter Grass: Later works: …nach Deutschland: Tagebuch 1990 (2009; From Germany to Germany: Diary 1990) was a diary of his experiences in East and West Germany during the period between the fall of the Berlin Wall and reunification. Grass wrote two more volumes of autobiography, Die Box (2008; The Box) and Grimms Wörter: eine…

Bruce McCandless: …first person to conduct an untethered free flight in space.

Bruce McCandless: …first person to conduct an untethered free flight in space.

Bruce McCandless: …first person to conduct an untethered free flight in space.

John Irving: …his oeuvre become more pronounced—include Until I Find You (2005), which draws on elements of Irving’s molestation at the hands of an older woman as a child, and Last Night in Twisted River (2009), which plots the bizarre course of a writer’s path to success. In One Person (2012) explores…

Buffy Sainte-Marie: Early life and breakthrough: …a Mile (1965), contained “Until It’s Time for You to Go,” a love song covered by a number of singers including, among others, Bobby Darin, Barbra Streisand, Neil Diamond, and Elvis Presley. Other important songs and albums of the 1960s included “My Country ’Tis of Thy People You’re Dying,”…

George Moore: He also produced The Untilled Field (1903), a volume of fine short stories reminiscent of Ivan Turgenev’s writing that focuses on the drudgery of Irish rural life, and a short poetic novel, The Lake (1905). The real fruits of his life in Ireland, however, came with the trilogy…

Friedrich Nietzsche: Nietzsche’s mature philosophy: …the four Unzeitgemässe Betrachtungen (1873; Untimely Meditations), are dominated by a Romantic perspective influenced by Schopenhauer and Wagner. The middle period, from Human, All-Too-Human up to The Gay Science, reflects the tradition of French aphorists. It extols reason and science, experiments with literary genres, and expresses Nietzsche’s emancipation from his…

Jean Auel is an American novelist who was best known for her Earth’s Children series, which centres on Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons in prehistoric Europe. Untinen grew up in Chicago, and right after high-school graduation, she married Ray Auel. She and her husband moved to Oregon, where she had

Robert Gober: Untitled (1990), in the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, is a realistic sculpture of the lower part of a man’s leg, isolated as if it was emerging from or disappearing into a wall. Replete with shoe, sock, a bit of pants leg, and an area…

Robert Gober: At first glance Gober’s Untitled (1997), in the Milwaukee Art Museum, seems to be simply an open suitcase on the floor. Upon further examination, however, the bottom of the suitcase opens to a small installation beneath the museum floor featuring seaweed, coins, running water, and a sculpture of the…

Felix Gonzalez-Torres: Untitled (Billboard): …example of this is his Untitled (Billboard) (1991), a black-and-white photograph of a recently occupied tousled double bed that was displayed on two dozen billboards throughout Manhattan.

Felix Gonzalez-Torres: Candy spills and death of his partner: For Untitled (Perfect Lovers) (1991), he synchronized two industrial clocks placed side by side. Inevitably, because batteries fail and things tend toward entropy, the clocks would slowly begin to advance at differing rates, out of sync, having moved, however briefly, perfectly together.

Barbara Kruger: In her 1989 work Untitled (Your Body Is a Battleground), for example, she employed an oversized black-and-white image of a female model’s face and divided it vertically into positive and negative halves. Placed across the image is the statement “Your body is a battleground,” by which she called into…

Cindy Sherman: …in 1977 began work on Untitled Film Stills (1977–80), one of her best-known series. The series of 8 × 10-inch black-and-white photographs featuring Sherman in a variety of roles is reminiscent of film noir and presents viewers with an ambiguous portrayal of women as sex objects. Sherman stated that the…

Richard Howard: …whose own volume of verse, Untitled Subjects (1969), won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1970.

Aharon Appelfeld: …barzel (1991; “The Railway”), and Unto the Soul (1994). Beyond Despair: Three Lectures and a Conversation with Philip Roth was published in 1994.

John Ruskin: Cultural criticism of John Ruskin: Unto This Last and Munera Pulveris (1862 and 1872 as books, though published in magazines in 1860 and 1862–63) are attacks on the classical economics of Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill. Neither book makes any significant technical contribution to the study of economics (though…

Billy Crystal: …Monsters University (2013), the drama Untogether (2018), and Standing Up, Falling Down (2019), about a failed stand-up comedian who befriends an alcoholic dermatologist. He also directed, cowrote, and starred in Here Today (2021), about the friendship between a comedy writer, who is in the early stages of dementia, and a…

Alan Bennett: In the memoir Untold Stories (2005), he looked back affectionately at his parents, poignantly reflected on his mother’s descent into senility and her death in a nursing home, and revealed for the first time that he had received treatment for what had been believed to be terminal cancer.…

Dalit: …support of these efforts, the Untouchability (Offenses) Act (1955) provides penalties for preventing anyone from enjoying a wide variety of religious, occupational, and social rights on the grounds that he or she is from a Scheduled Caste. Despite such measures, the traditional divisions between caste groups persist in some levels…

Mulk Raj Anand: Education and early career: …particularly in his seminal novel Untouchable (1935), in which he sought to depict the harsh realities of social injustice in India through a modern lens. He recalled his encounters with illustrious writers, artists, and critics—including D.H. Lawrence, Clive Bell, Nancy Cunard, E.M. Forster, Eric Gill, and Aldous Huxley—in Conversations in…

Dalit, term used to refer to any member of a wide range of social groups that were historically marginalized in Hindu caste society. The official designation Scheduled Caste is the most common term now used in India for people in these groups, although members of the Scheduled Castes often prefer

Prohibition: Bootlegging and gangsterism: …unbribable, they were nicknamed the Untouchables. The public learned of them when big raids on breweries, speakeasies, and other places of outlawry attracted newspaper headlines. The Untouchables’ infiltration of the underworld secured evidence that helped send Capone to prison for income-tax evasion in 1932.

Desi Arnaz: I Love Lucy and Desilu Productions: …included the popular television series The Untouchables (1959–63), Mission: Impossible (1966–73), and Star Trek (1966–69), among others.

Eliot Ness: …published later that year, and The Untouchables subsequently inspired popular TV series and movies, making Ness a household name.

Brian De Palma: The 1980s and ’90s: The Untouchables (1987), however, marked a return to form for De Palma. With a script by David Mamet, the drama chronicled federal agent Eliot Ness’s war against Al Capone in 1930s Chicago. Kevin Costner’s portrayal of straight-arrow Ness was deliberately bland, but more flamboyant characterizations…

Tuskegee syphilis study, American medical research project that earned notoriety for its unethical experimentation on African American patients in the rural South. The project, which was conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) from 1932 to 1972, examined the natural course of untreated

Edwidge Danticat: Untwine (2015), a novel for young adults, concerns the ramifications of a tragic accident that befalls a pair of twins. In The Art of Death: Writing the Final Story (2017), Danticat recounted her own mother’s passing and explored how other writers have depicted death in…

copernicium (Cn), artificially produced transuranium element of atomic number 112. In 1996 scientists at the Institute for Heavy Ion Research (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung [GSI]) in Darmstadt, Ger., announced the production of atoms of copernicium from fusing zinc-70 with lead-208. The

livermorium (Lv), artificially produced transuranium element of atomic number 116. In 2000 scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California, announced the production of atoms of livermorium when

darmstadtium (Ds), artificially produced transuranium element of atomic number 110. In 1995 scientists at the Institute for Heavy Ion Research (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung [GSI]) in Darmstadt, Germany, announced the formation of atoms of element 110 when lead-208 was fused with nickel-62.

oganesson (Og), a transuranium element that occupies position 118 in the periodic table and is one of the noble gases. Oganesson is a synthetic element, and in 1999 scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California, announced the production of atoms of oganesson as a

moscovium (Mc), artificially produced transuranium element of atomic number 115. In 2010 scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, and at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California, U.S., announced the production of four atoms of moscovium when

flerovium (Fl), artificially produced transuranium element of atomic number 114. In 1999 scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California, produced atoms of flerovium from colliding atoms of calcium-48

tennessine (Ts), artificially produced transuranium element of atomic number 117. In 2010 Russian and American scientists announced the production of six atoms of tennessine, which were formed when 22 milligrams of berkelium-249 were bombarded with atoms of calcium-48, at the cyclotron at the Joint

nihonium (Nh), artificially produced transuranium element of atomic number 113. In 2004 scientists at the RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science in Saitama, Japan announced the production of one atom of element 113, which was formed when bismuth-209 was fused with zinc-70. Extremely

roentgenium (Rg), artificially produced transuranium element of atomic number 111. In 1994 scientists at the Institute for Heavy Ion Research (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung [GSI]) in Darmstadt, Ger., formed atoms of element 111 when atoms of bismuth-209 were bombarded with atoms of

Peter Carey: …included The Tax Inspector (1991), The Unusual Life of Tristan Smith (1994), Jack Maggs (1997), and True History of the Kelly Gang (2000; film 2019), a fictional account of the Australian outlaw Ned Kelly. My Life as a Fake (2003) and Theft (2006) explore issues of authenticity in

William Faulkner: Later life and works of William Faulkner: The Unvanquished (1938) was relatively conventional, but The Hamlet (1940), the first volume of the long-uncompleted “Snopes” trilogy, emerged as a work of extraordinary stylistic richness. Its episodic structure is underpinned by recurrent thematic patterns and by the wryly humorous presence of V.K. Ratliff—an itinerant…

I AM movement: …his experiences in a book, Unveiled Mysteries, published in 1934, and he afterward claimed to receive regular messages, termed “discourses,” from St. Germain and other Masters. Because one of the Masters from whom Ballard received dictations was Jesus, members of the I AM movement consider themselves Christian. The Ballards claimed…

William Cowper: …Huntingdon, lodging with the Reverend Morley Unwin, his wife Mary, and their small family. Pious Calvinists, the Unwins supported the evangelical revival, then a powerful force in English society. In 1767 Morley Unwin was killed in a riding accident, and his family, with Cowper, took up residence at Olney, in…

Richard Henderson: …1975, together with MRC colleague Nigel Unwin, Henderson described a preparation method using a glucose solution for sample preservation in the vacuum environment, which enabled thin sheets of cell membrane, containing thousands of proteins, to be spread across the microscope grid. The array, because of its relatively large size, increased…

Svetlana Alexievich: …voyny ne zhenskoe litso (War’s Unwomanly Face; also translated as The Unwomanly Face of War: An Oral History of Women in World War II), an investigative study that chronicled the lives of Soviet women during World War II, followed that same year by Poslednie svideteli (Last Witnesses: An Oral…

George Strait: Beginnings in country music: Strait’s response, “Unwound” (1981), reached number six on Billboard magazine’s Hot Country Songs chart, landed him an extended contract with MCA, and ultimately launched his career as a professional musician.

Friedrich Nietzsche: Nietzsche’s mature philosophy: …the four Unzeitgemässe Betrachtungen (1873; Untimely Meditations), are dominated by a Romantic perspective influenced by Schopenhauer and Wagner. The middle period, from Human, All-Too-Human up to The Gay Science, reflects the tradition of French aphorists. It extols reason and science, experiments with literary genres, and expresses Nietzsche’s emancipation from his…

Mount Unzen, volcano on central Shimabara Peninsula, western Kyushu, Japan. Mount Unzen is actually a group of composite volcanoes, the highest of which is Mount Fugen, at 4,462 feet (1,360 metres). Mount Unzen underwent a major eruption in 1792; the disaster killed as many as 15,000 people in what

Mount Unzen, volcano on central Shimabara Peninsula, western Kyushu, Japan. Mount Unzen is actually a group of composite volcanoes, the highest of which is Mount Fugen, at 4,462 feet (1,360 metres). Mount Unzen underwent a major eruption in 1792; the disaster killed as many as 15,000 people in what

Unzha River, river in central Russia that rises in two headstreams in the Northern Urals and flows generally south for 340 miles (550 km) through timberland country to join the Volga River opposite

Elio Vittorini: …Vittorini’s other important works are Uomini e no (1945; “Men and Non-Men”), an account of his Resistance experiences; the allegorical Marxist novel Il sempione strizza l’occhio al frejus (1947; The Twilight of the Elephant); and another allegory, Le donne di Messina (1949; Women on the Road). Vittorini’s critical writings are…

Dino Buzzati: …to be a spirit, and L’uomo che andrà in America (performed and published 1962; “The Man Who Will Go to America”), the story of an old painter who realizes, on being told that he has won a coveted American prize, that the news also means the end of his life…

Alberto Moravia: …essays, L’uomo come fine (1963; Man as an End), and his autobiography, Alberto Moravia’s Life, was published in 1990. He was married for a time to the novelist Elsa Morante.

Taviani brothers: Un uomo da bruciare (1962; A Man for the Burning), made with Orsini’s collaboration, was their first feature film. It is a portrait of a murdered trade union leader, and its long tracking shots demonstrate what was to become a Taviani trademark. They made one more film with Orsini before…

Giovanni Papini: …novel Un uomo finito (1912; A Man—Finished; U.S. title, The Failure), a candid account of his early years in Florence and his desires for ideological certainty and personal achievement.

Italian literature: Other writings: … (1961; An Arid Heart), and Un uomo solo (1978; “A Man by Himself”).

Renaissance man, an ideal that developed in Renaissance Italy from the notion expressed by one of its most-accomplished representatives, Leon Battista Alberti (1404–72), that “a man can do all things if he will.” The ideal embodied the basic tenets of Renaissance humanism, which considered man the

Disney Company: Continuing expansion: ABC, Pixar, Marvel Entertainment, and Lucasfilm: (2007), WALL∙E (2008), Up (2009), Toy Story 3 (2010), Inside Out (2015), Coco (2017), Toy Story 4 (2019), and Soul (2020), won Academy Awards for best animated film. Disney’s own computer-animated films also proved popular. Among them were Tangled (2010),

R.E.M.: again reinvented its sound with Up (1998), an adventurous album of sonic experimentation. The band continued to perform and record together into the 2000s—releasing Reveal (2001) and Around the Sun (2004)—but also branched out individually to work with other performers. In 2007 R.E.M. was inducted into the Rock and Roll…

United Press International: …upon the merger of the United Press (UP; 1907) with the International News Service (INS). UPI and its precursor agencies pioneered in some key areas of news coverage, including the wired transmission of news photographs in 1925.

United Party (UP), one of the leading political parties of South Africa from its inception in 1934 until dissolution in 1977. It was the governing party from 1934 to 1948 and thereafter the official opposition party in Parliament. The United Party was a product of the political crisis brought about

FARC: …PCC, established a political party, Patriotic Union (Unión Patriótica; UP), in a cease-fire agreement with the government. The UP participated in elections beginning in 1986 and won a large portion of the votes. In subsequent years, however, thousands of UP members, including three of the party’s presidential candidates, were killed…

Peter Gabriel: …followed later that year with Up, his first full-length studio release in 10 years. The former recalled his work on Passion, while the latter was a dark meditation on loss and longing.

Union Pacific Railroad Company, company that extended the American railway system to the Pacific Coast; it was incorporated by an act of the U.S. Congress on July 1, 1862. The original rail line was built westward 1,006 miles (1,619 km) from Omaha, Nebraska, to meet the Central Pacific, which was

Harry Styles: …released its debut studio album, Up All Night, in 2011. Styles cowrote three songs on the album, which climbed quickly to number two on the U.K. Albums Chart and to number one on the Billboard 200. One Direction’s next four albums—Take Me Home (2012), Midnight Memories (2013), Four (2014), and…

Creedence Clearwater Revival: …“Down on the Corner,” “Up Around the Bend,” and “Travelin’ Band” (1970) and offered many other songs equal to them in craftsmanship.

Joan Didion: …others), True Confessions (1981), and Up Close and Personal (1996).

David Williamson: … Brilliant Lies (1993; film 1996), Up for Grabs (2001), Influence (2005), Let the Sunshine (2010), and Nearer the Gods (2018). Williamson also wrote several screenplays, including Phar Lap (1982) and, in collaboration with Peter Weir, Gallipoli (1981) and

African American literature: Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois: A classic American success story, Up from Slavery solidified Washington’s reputation as the most eminent African American of the new century. (To read one of Washington’s speeches, see The Road to African American Progress.) Yet Washington’s primacy was soon challenged. In his landmark collection of essays, The Souls of Black…

Elliott Nugent: …feature film, the frenetic comedy Up in Arms. Nugent then reteamed with Hope on the box-office hit My Favorite Brunette (1947), a film noir spoof. Hope starred as a baby photographer who gets mistaken for a private detective and takes on a case that results in his being framed for…

George Clooney: Syriana and Up in the Air: In Up in the Air (2009), Clooney appeared as a consultant who specializes in firing people, and he portrayed an assassin on assignment in Italy in the thriller The American (2010). He moved behind the camera again for the tense political drama The Ides of March…

Alec Baldwin: Personal life, activism, and other work: …2013 the weekly talk show Up Late with Alec Baldwin debuted on the cable television channel MSNBC. After just five episodes, however, Baldwin was suspended for calling a paparazzo a homophobic slur. Shortly thereafter the show ended. In 2018 he hosted a weekly talk show, The Alec Baldwin Show, which…

United Press International: It also established UP Movietone News to supply news film to television stations.

Carole King: …and Goffin hits included “Up on the Roof” (1962; the Drifters), “One Fine Day” (1963; the Chiffons), “Don’t Bring Me Down” (1966; the Animals), and “(You Make Me Feel like) A Natural Woman” (1967; Aretha Franklin).

quark: Quark flavours: The up quark (charge 23e) and down quark (charge −13e) make up protons and neutrons and are thus the ones observed in ordinary matter. Strange quarks (charge −13e) occur as components of K mesons and various

Robert Mulligan: …director had more success with Up the Down Staircase (1967), an adaptation of Bel Kaufman’s best seller about the trials and tribulations of a young teacher (Sandy Dennis) in the New York City school system. In 1968 Mulligan reunited with Peck on The Stalking Moon, a suspenseful western that starred…