Irvin Kershner: From B-24s to Laura Mars: Up the Sandbox (1972), from Anne Roiphe’s novel, was a protofeminist comedy featuring Barbra Streisand. Although the movie received mixed reviews, it features one of Streisand’s most appealing performances. S*P*Y*S (1974) was much less successful, with Elliott Gould and Donald Sutherland as inept CIA agents

Anne Roiphe: Roiphe’s second novel, Up the Sandbox! (1970), is probably her best known. The sharply satiric work chronicles the story of a college-educated young mother, Margaret, trapped in a humiliating marriage and a thankless domestic routine. To delineate Margaret’s vague longings for change, Roiphe’s narrative alternates between Margaret’s real…

Roy Cazaly: In 1979 the song “Up There Cazaly” topped the national record charts, and it has become a famous Australian anthem.

Jules Dassin: Blacklist and exile: Up Tight! (1968) was Dassin’s first film shot in the United States in some 20 years. A remake of The Informer boasted many of the day’s top African American actors, including Ruby Dee, Raymond St. Jacques, and Roscoe Lee Browne.

the Tragically Hip: Formation and early hits: The Tragically Hip then recorded Up to Here in Memphis, Tennessee, with producer Don Smith (who also produced records by Keith Richards and Tom Petty). The album went platinum in six months. Singles “Blow at High Dough” and “New Orleans Is Sinking,” huge hits in Canada, were also top 10…

Buffy Sainte-Marie: Later career: The song “Up Where We Belong” was among her most successful works of that period. Cowritten with Jack Nitzsche, her husband at the time, and Will Jennings and recorded by Joe Cocker and Jennifer Warnes for the film An Officer and a Gentleman (1982), the song reached…

Glenn Close: …with a musical group called Up with People.

Shania Twain: Come On Over and Up!: …she released the highly anticipated Up!. The double album contained both country and pop versions of the songs. Her Greatest Hits collection, featuring a duet with country artist Billy Currington, appeared in 2004.

Lerwick: …is dramatically represented in Lerwick’s Up-Helly-Aa (Fire Festival) at the end of January, when a full-sized model of a Norse longship is dragged through the town in a torchlight procession and then burned. The town is home to the Shetland Museum and Archives (2007), which contains artifacts relating to the…

mayfly, (order Ephemeroptera), any member of a group of insects known for their extremely short adult life spans and emergence in large numbers in the summer months. Worldwide, more than 2,500 species of mayflies have been described, about 700 of them in the United States and Canada. Other common

United Progressive Alliance (UPA), alliance of political parties in India whose largest and predominant constituent is the Indian National Congress (Congress Party). From 2004 to 2014 it was the core of the ruling coalition under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. The centre-left alliance was formed

Ukraine: The Nazi occupation of Soviet Ukraine: …that became known as the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (Ukrainska Povstanska Armiia; UPA). As well as conducting guerrilla warfare with the Germans, the Soviet partisans and the UPA fought each other.

upasampada, Buddhist rite of higher ordination, by which a novice becomes a monk, or bhikhu (Pali: bhikkhu; Sanskrit: bhikshu). Ordination is not necessarily permanent and, in some countries, may be repeated in a monk’s lifetime. A candidate for ordination must be at least 20 years old, have the

upādāna, (Sanskrit and Pāli), in the Buddhist chain of dependent origination, the grasping that leads to becoming. See

aṅgā: Upadeśa (“instruction”), discussions of doctrine—sometimes esoteric doctrine—often in question-and-answer form. The term has also been used for Abhidhamma (scholastic section of the canon), for philosophical treatises, for Tantric works, and for commentaries.

Shankara: Later life and thought: The Upadeshasahasri (A Thousand Teachings), which is a good introduction to Shankara’s philosophy, is the only noncommentative work that is certainly authentic.

upadhi, in Indian philosophy, the concept of adventitious limiting conditions. In logic, upadhi operates as follows: a syllogism requires a ground (hetu) to prove the proposition—e.g., that there is fire on the mountain is proved by the presence of smoke. But this ground needs a qualification:

upamana, in Indian philosophy, the fourth of the five means (pramanas) by which one can have valid cognitions of the world. Upamana describes knowledge imparted by means of analogy. For example, when the meaning of the word gavaya (Sanskrit: “wild ox”) is unknown, the similarity of the name to the

upanayana, Hindu ritual of initiation, restricted to the three upper varnas, or social classes, that marks the male child’s entrance upon the life of a student (brahmacharin) and his acceptance as a full member of his religious community. The ceremony is performed between the ages of 5 and 24, the

Upanishad, one of four genres of texts that together constitute each of the Vedas, the sacred scriptures of most Hindu traditions. Each of the four Vedas—the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda—consists of a Samhita (a “collection” of hymns or sacred formulas); a liturgical prose

Upanishad, one of four genres of texts that together constitute each of the Vedas, the sacred scriptures of most Hindu traditions. Each of the four Vedas—the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda—consists of a Samhita (a “collection” of hymns or sacred formulas); a liturgical prose

Upanishad, one of four genres of texts that together constitute each of the Vedas, the sacred scriptures of most Hindu traditions. Each of the four Vedas—the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda—consists of a Samhita (a “collection” of hymns or sacred formulas); a liturgical prose

vice president of India, deputy to the head of state (president) of the Republic of India. This officer serves as the ex officio chair of the Council of States, or Rajya Sabha, India’s upper house of parliament. The vice president, who serves a five-year term, takes over all duties of the president

South Asian arts: Early Indian architecture (2nd century bc–3rd century ad): At Uparkot in Junāgadh, Gujarāt, is a remarkable series of rock-cut structures dating from the 3rd–4th century ad, which appear to be secular in character and in all probability served as royal pleasure houses.

Rosales: Moraceae: …latex of Antiaris toxicaria (upas tree) contains an extremely toxic cardiac glycoside, which has the effect of increasing the force of contraction of the muscles of the heart; in tropical Asia it is a valuable source of poison for arrows and darts. Maclura pomifera (Osage orange), of central North…

upasaka, lay devotee of the Gautama Buddha. The term correctly refers to any Buddhist who is not a member of a monastic order, but its modern usage in Southeast Asia more often connotes the particularly pious person who visits the local monastery on the weekly holy days and who undertakes special

upasampada, Buddhist rite of higher ordination, by which a novice becomes a monk, or bhikhu (Pali: bhikkhu; Sanskrit: bhikshu). Ordination is not necessarily permanent and, in some countries, may be repeated in a monk’s lifetime. A candidate for ordination must be at least 20 years old, have the

upasaka, lay devotee of the Gautama Buddha. The term correctly refers to any Buddhist who is not a member of a monastic order, but its modern usage in Southeast Asia more often connotes the particularly pious person who visits the local monastery on the weekly holy days and who undertakes special

Indian philosophy: Fragments from the Mandukya-karika until Shankara: …the vrittis by Bodhayana and Upavarsha (the two may indeed be the same person). There are, however, pre-Shankara monistic interpreters of the scriptures, three of whom are important: Bhartrihari, Mandana (both mentioned earlier), and Gaudapada. Shankara referred to Gaudapada as the teacher of his own teacher Govinda, complimented him for…

upanayana: …and the sacred thread (upavita, or yajnopavita). The thread, consisting of a loop made of three symbolically knotted and twisted strands of cotton cord, is replaced regularly so that it is worn throughout the lifetime of the owner, normally over the left shoulder and diagonally across the chest to…

yab-yum: …active force, or method (upaya, conceived of as masculine), with wisdom (prajna, conceived of as feminine)—a fusion necessary to overcome the false duality of the world of appearances in the striving toward spiritual Enlightenment. The use of sexual union as a symbol of mystical union evolved from Indian Tantric…

Buddhism: Rnying-ma-pa: …tantras are: Kriya, or ritual; Upayoga, which involves the convergence of the two truths and meditation on the pentad of buddhas; Yoga, which involves the evocation of the god, the identification of the self with the god, and meditation on the mandala; Mahayoga, which involves meditation on the factors of…

flag of Uganda: …25, 1962, the newly dominant Uganda People’s Congress (UPC) rejected the flag proposal. Instead, the UPC horizontal tricolour of black-yellow-red was repeated to produce six equal horizontal stripes, and the crested crane was placed on a white disk in the centre. In this design, recommended by Minister of Justice Grace…

Cameroon: Moving toward independence: …Union (Union des Populations Camerounaises; UPC), led by Felix-Roland Moumie and Reuben Um Nyobe, demanded a thorough break with France and the establishment of a socialist economy. French officials suppressed the UPC, leading to a bitter civil war, while encouraging alternative political leaders. On January 1, 1960, independence was granted.…

UPC, a standard machine-readable bar code used to identify products purchased in grocery and other retail stores. UPCs encode individual products at the stock keeping unit (SKU) level, allowing a manufacturer or retailer to track the number of units sold during a specified time period. This type of

Daniel Berkeley Updike was an American printer and scholar, founder in 1893 of the distinguished Merrymount Press in Boston. Between 1880 and 1893 Updike worked for the publisher Houghton Mifflin and from 1892 was at that company’s Riverside Press. He then started his own commercial venture and

John Updike was an American writer of novels, short stories, and poetry, known for his careful craftsmanship and realistic but subtle depiction of “American, Protestant, small-town, middle-class” life. Updike grew up in Shillington, Pennsylvania, and many of his early stories draw on his youthful

John Updike was an American writer of novels, short stories, and poetry, known for his careful craftsmanship and realistic but subtle depiction of “American, Protestant, small-town, middle-class” life. Updike grew up in Shillington, Pennsylvania, and many of his early stories draw on his youthful

updraft and downdraft, in meteorology, upward-moving and downward-moving air currents, respectively, that are due to several causes. Local daytime heating of the ground causes surface air to become much warmer than the air above, and, because warmer air is less dense, it rises and is replaced by

industrial glass: Flat glass: …of the 20th century: the updraw machine, designed by Émile Fourcault of Belgium; and the Irving Colburn machine, developed at the Libbey-Owens Glass Company in Charleston, W.Va., U.S. In the Fourcault process, a one- to two-metre-wide steel mesh bait was introduced into molten glass at the working end of the…

upekṣa, in Buddhism, the perfect virtue of equanimity. It is one of the four practices known as brahmavihāra

upekṣa, in Buddhism, the perfect virtue of equanimity. It is one of the four practices known as brahmavihāra

Anatolian religion: Mythology: …stands on the shoulder of Upelluri, an Atlas figure who carries heaven and earth. Teshub is warned of the danger and goes out to battle in his chariot drawn by bulls, but he fails and appeals for help to Ea (Babylonian god of wisdom). The latter orders the “former gods”…

Upemba National Park, park in southeastern Congo (Kinshasa). It was created in 1939 and has an area of 4,529 square miles (11,730 square km). Its northern and western borders touch the Lualaba River and the surrounding lakes and marshlands of the Kamolondo plains. Lake Upemba, an expansion of the

Congo River: Physiography: Thus, Lake Upemba occurs on the upper Lualaba; Lakes Bangweulu and Mweru occur on the Chambeshi–Luapula–Luvua system; and Lake Tanganyika, which is fed by the Ruzizi (flowing from Lake Kivu) and by the Malagarasi, itself flows into the Lukuga. Rapids

Upernavik, town, western Greenland, situated on a small island in Baffin Bay, about 100 miles (160 km) north of Nordost Bay. It was founded by Danes as a whaling and sealing base in 1772. During the 20th century fisheries expanded, and halibut fishing and processing became a major contributor to

ultra-processed food (UPF), any of a variety of industrially produced foods that contain or are made primarily of highly processed ingredients, including artificial additives, and that typically have high levels of fat, sugar, or salt. Examples of ultra-processed foods include frozen foods,

Sri Lanka: End of the war: …coalition of parties called the United People’s Freedom Alliance (UPFA), which had gained a plurality of legislators in parliamentary elections the previous year. The conflict between the Tamil rebels and the government raged on, and in 2006 the LTTE was declared a terrorist organization by the European Union. In January…

Arthur William Upfield was an English-born Australian popular novelist who wrote more than 30 novels featuring Detective Inspector Napoleon (Boney) Bonaparte, a half-Aboriginal Australian detective. Upfield emigrated to Australia in 1911 and was a sheepherder, gold miner, cowhand, soldier, and fur

aerospace industry: Remanufacture and upgrading: The most elaborate type of program under the general heading of maintenance is the remanufacturing process. Performed at aircraft-manufacturing facilities, remanufacture is a measure that combines a general overhaul with an upgrade of some of the aircraft’s systems. The latter process often paces the…

Martha Nussbaum: Her book Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions (2001) is a detailed systematic account of the structure, functioning, and value to human flourishing of a wide range of emotions, focusing in particular on compassion and love. It is at the same time a refutation of traditional…

20th-century international relations: Three tests: The first contingents of Operation Uphold Democracy arrived on the 19th, and President Aristide returned home on October 15. U.S. forces remained until March 1995 and were then replaced by a UN force.

submarine: Nuclear propulsion: …1990s, when it built the Upholder class of diesel-electric submarines. Following the end of the Cold War, the Royal Navy stopped the Upholder program at four boats, eventually decommissioning them and selling them to Canada, and returned to an all-nuclear submarine force. France completed its first nuclear submarine, Le Redoutable,…

farthingale chair, armless chair with a wide seat covered in high-quality fabric and fitted with a cushion; the backrest is an upholstered panel, and the legs are straight and rectangular in section. It was introduced as a chair for ladies in the late 16th century and was named in England, probably

upholstery, materials used in the craft of covering, padding, and stuffing seating and bedding. The earliest upholsterers, from early Egyptian times to the beginning of the Renaissance, nailed animal skins or dressed leather across a rigid framework. They slowly developed the craft to include

Lebanon: Origins and relations with Egypt: …Byblos, the central district (Upi) included the southern Bekaa valley and Anti-Lebanon Mountains, and the third district (Canaan) included all of Palestine from the Egyptian border to Byblos. Also among the letters are many documents addressed by the subject princes of Phoenicia and their Egyptian governors to the pharaoh.…

United Press International (UPI), American-based news agency, one of the largest proprietary wire services in the world. It was created in 1958 upon the merger of the United Press (UP; 1907) with the International News Service (INS). UPI and its precursor agencies pioneered in some key areas of

UPI, an abbreviation for Unified Payments Interface, is a digital system that allows instant money transfer and payments through a smartphone. From grocery shopping to splitting bills among people, UPI has made transactions easy. Users link one or more bank accounts to a single mobile application

disability studies: In the United Kingdom the Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation (UPIAS), formed in 1972, was instrumental in politicizing disability in the U.K. and abroad. In the United States the disability rights movement advocated for legislation relating to the civil rights of individuals with regard to employment, education, and…

Orange River: Physiography: At Upington the river—by then flowing westward—spreads out over a granite surface. In this area the Orange splits up into innumerable channels, between which are islands of varying length; and the river attains its greatest width, which may reach nearly four miles in places. About 40…

Richard Upjohn: …poor parishes he published in Upjohn’s Rural Architecture (1852; reprinted 1975) an unpretentious design in wood, remarkable for its structural honesty and its liturgical character.

Richard Upjohn was a British-American architect who was the most active exponent in his time of the Gothic Revival style in ecclesiastical architecture. Although his parents wished him to enter one of the “learned professions,” Upjohn became apprenticed to a British cabinetmaker. In 1829, having

Western architecture: United States: …competition, however, was won by Richard M. Upjohn, son of the church builder, who provided a Gothic project that was equally grandiose if more equivocal in expression. Within a few years Hartford was to possess an authentic Burges building, Trinity College. Only a small part of Burges’s magnificent design of…

Chester, city, Delaware county, southeastern Pennsylvania, U.S., on the Delaware River (across from Bridgeport, New Jersey), within the Philadelphia metropolitan area. One of the oldest communities in the state, the Chester area was granted by the Swedish crown to a bodyguard of Johan Printz, the

cress: Upland cress (Barbarea verna), a hardy biennial native to Europe, is a coarse, often weedy plant rarely cultivated. The closely related winter cress, or yellow rocket (B. vulgaris), is a common weed, conspicuous in fields for its bright yellow spring flowers. Bitter cress, cuckoo flower,…

bald cypress: The smaller pond, or upland, cypress of the southeastern U.S. is usually listed as a variety of the bald cypress (T. distichum, variety imbricatum); however, it is sometimes considered to be a separate species (T. ascendens). The closely related Montezuma, or Mexican, cypress (T. mucronatum) is native…

sandpiper: The upland sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda), also called Bartram’s sandpiper and, mistakenly, the upland plover, is an American bird of open fields. It is a slender, gray-streaked bird almost 30 cm long that feeds on grasshoppers and other insects.

rice: Domestication and cultivation: …exception of the type called upland rice, the plant is grown on submerged land in the coastal plains, tidal deltas, and river basins of tropical, semitropical, and temperate regions. The seeds are sown in prepared beds, and when the seedlings are 25 to 50 days old, they are transplanted to…

sandpiper: The upland sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda), also called Bartram’s sandpiper and, mistakenly, the upland plover, is an American bird of open fields. It is a slender, gray-streaked bird almost 30 cm long that feeds on grasshoppers and other insects.

United States: The South of the United States: The Upland South, which comprises the southern Appalachians, the upper Appalachian Piedmont, the Cumberland and other low interior plateaus, and the Ozarks and Ouachitas, was colonized culturally and demographically from the Chesapeake Bay hearth area and the Midland; it is most emphatically white Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP)…

uplift, in geology, an increase in the vertical elevation of Earth’s surface in response to natural causes. Broad, relatively slow and gentle uplift is termed warping, or epeirogeny, in contrast to the more concentrated and severe orogeny, the uplift associated with mountain building. Uplift during

telecommunications media: Satellite links: …terrestrial radio receivers through an uplink (a link from terrestrial transmitter to satellite receiver) and a downlink (a link from satellite transmitter to terrestrial receiver). Most telecommunications satellites have been placed in geostationary orbit (GEO), a circular orbit 35,785 km (22,235 miles) above the Earth in which the period of…

Television in the United States: The 1990s: the loss of shared experience: , and UPN (the United Paramount Network), premiered by Paramount.

Obafemi Awolowo: …as the leader of the Unity Party of Nigeria. He ran for president in the elections of 1979 and 1983 but was defeated both times by Shehu Shagari. Following a military coup at the end of 1983, parties were once again banned, and Awolowo retired from politics.

Zambia: Zambia in the 21st century: …competitor, Hakainde Hichilema of the United Party for National Development (UPND). Lungu was sworn in as president on January 25.

Upolu, most populous island of Samoa, in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies across the Apolima Strait from the island of Savaiʿi to the west. Upolu is about 46 miles (74 km) long and 16 miles (26 km) across at its widest point. Its volcanic central mountain range reaches a maximum elevation of 3,608

uposatha, fortnightly meetings of the Buddhist monastic assembly, at the times of the full moon and the new moon, to reaffirm the rules of discipline. The uposatha observance, now confined almost entirely to the Theravāda (“Way of the Elders”) tradition of Southeast Asia, can be traced back to

Kristofer Oliver Uppdal was a working-class Norwegian novelist whose major work is the 10-volume Dansen gjenom skuggeheimen (1911–24; “The Dance Through the World of Shadows”), which deals with the development of the Norwegian industrial working class from its peasant origin. Uppdal was the heir to

space exploration: Preparing for spaceflight: An Upper Atmosphere Research Panel, chaired by the physicist James Van Allen, was formed to coordinate the scientific use of these rocket launchings. The panel had a central role in the early years of American space science, which focused on experiments on solar and stellar ultraviolet…

Oberösterreich, Bundesland (federal state), northern Austria. It borders Germany and the Czech Republic on the west and north and is bounded by Bundesländer Niederösterreich (Lower Austria) on the east and Steiermark (Styria) and Salzburg on the south. Oberösterreich lies between the Inn and the

River Avon, river, eastern tributary of the River Severn that rises near Naseby in central England and flows generally southwestward for 96 miles (154 km) through the counties of Northamptonshire, Leicestershire, Warwickshire, and Worcestershire. The river shares the name Avon (derived from a

Louis IV: The Tirolean question: …at his disposal, and the Upper Bavarian law code of 1346 (first formulated about 1335) remains a monument to these efforts. For, while Charles IV did what he could to erase Louis’s memory within the empire, Charles’s famous edict, the Golden Bull of 1356, represents only the final codification of…

Bolivia: Relief: …of the northern departments of Beni and Pando, where the low plains are covered by savanna and, in the far north, by expanses of tropical rainforest.

West Virginia: Postwar period: …killed 12 miners, and at Upper Big Branch Mine in April 2010, which killed 29, were a reminder that mines and mining disasters continued to play a role in West Virginia’s history.

stringed instrument: Morphology: …of the body, called the upper and lower bouts, are separated by the indented waist, or middle bout, which provides clearance for the bow on the outer strings. The middle bout meets the upper and lower to form outturned corners, where the ribs are brought together and glued firmly to…

Upper Burma, geographic and historical division of Burma (Myanmar), referring to the central and northern portion of the country. The division between Upper and Lower Burma was accentuated during 1852–85, when Lower Burma (comprising the extreme southern fringes of the country) became British

Cambrian Period: …to 509 million years ago), Series 3 (509 million to 497 million years ago), and the Furongian Series (497 million to 485.4 million years ago).

Canada West, in Canadian history, the region in Canada now known as Ontario. From 1791 to 1841 the region was known as Upper Canada and from 1841 to 1867 as Canada West, though the two names continued to be employed interchangeably. Canada West was settled primarily by English-speaking immigrants.

Egerton Ryerson: The school was renamed Victoria College in 1841, and he was its principal.

museum: History museums: …Village Museum in Bucharest, Romania; Upper Canada Village in Morrisburg, Ontario; Colonial Williamsburg in Virginia, U.S.; and the Novgorod State Museum Preserve in Russia.

Caucasian peoples: …in southwestern Russia, and the Kabardians, settled along the Kuban and upper Terek river basins, are the most populous. Among other northern Caucasian peoples are the Abkhaz, the Ingush, and the Lezgi. There are a vast number of less populous groups.

Kabardian language, language spoken in Kabardino-Balkaria republic, in southwestern Russia, in the northern Caucasus. It is related to the Abkhaz, Abaza, Adyghian, and Ubykh languages, which constitute the Abkhazo-Adyghian, or Northwest Caucasian, language group. These languages are noted for the

luxury: Economic aspect: …toward the luxurious expenditure of the rich is a mixture of envy—sometimes accompanied by, but often devoid of, a feeling of resentment—and of approval based on popular economic reasoning. It is a very widespread belief that such expenditure is good for trade because it makes money circulate and therefore increases…

statistics: Statistical process control: …chart, referred to as the upper control limit, and the lower horizontal line, referred to as the lower control limit, are chosen so that when the process is in control there will be a high probability that the value of a sample mean will fall between the two control limits.…

fungus: Form and function of lichens: The fungal layers are called upper cortex, medulla, and lower cortex. The upper cortex consists of either a few layers of tightly packed cells or hyphae that may contain pigments. A cuticle may cover the cortex. The lower cortex, which is similar in structure to the upper cortex, participates in…

Liechtenstein: Geography: The traditional regions of Vaduz and Schellenberg are still recognized as unique regions—the Upper Country (Oberland) and the Lower Country (Unterland), respectively—and they form separate electoral districts. All citizens age 18 or older who live in the principality are eligible to vote in national elections.

Muscogee: These settlers also divided the Muscogee and their allies into two divisions: the Upper Creeks, settlers of the northern Creek territory, and the Lower Creeks, who lived to the south and included smaller groups that spoke slightly different variants of Muskogean languages such as the Hitchiti and Alabama.

Muscogee: These settlers also divided the Muscogee and their allies into two divisions: the Upper Creeks, settlers of the northern Creek territory, and the Lower Creeks, who lived to the south and included smaller groups that spoke slightly different variants of Muskogean languages such as the Hitchiti and Alabama.

Precisionism: …and sharply clear—as in Sheeler’s Upper Deck (1929). The forms chosen in these works are frequently geometric, either inherently, as in the cylinders of the cowls and motors of Upper Deck and the grain elevators of Demuth’s My Egypt (1927), or because the artist exaggerates these qualities through Cubist techniques.

delta: …landward section is called the upper delta plain, the middle one the lower delta plain, and the third the subaqueous delta, which lies seaward of the shoreline and forms below sea level.