Devonian Period: Major subdivisions of the Devonian System: and Givetian stages), and the Upper Devonian Series (382.7 million–358.9 million years ago; comprising the Frasnian and Famennian stages).

Ganges-Yamuna Doab: The Upper Doab extends from Haridwar on the north to Aligarh on the south. It has a gentle slope and is crisscrossed by a number of streams. Secondary transverse slopes on older floodplains have developed in the Middle Doab. The topography flattens out in the Lower…

Africa: The Paleozoic Era: …and fossilized plants), and the Upper Ecca (about 650 feet [200 metres] of shales again).

Upper Egypt, geographic and cultural division of Egypt, generally consisting of the Nile River valley south of the delta and the 30th parallel N. It thus consists of the entire Nile River valley from Cairo south to Lake Nasser (formed by the Aswan High Dam). This division also includes what some

Egypt: Settlement patterns: …up to Aswān governorate, the Ṣaʿīdīs, are more conservative than the delta people. In some areas women still do not appear in public without a veil; family honour is of great importance, and the vendetta remains an accepted (albeit illegal) means of resolving disputes between groups. Until the building of…

Engadin: …(at the Zernez Gorge) into Upper and Lower Engadin.

swallowing: …is a muscular constrictor, the upper esophageal sphincter, which relaxes and opens when food approaches. Food passes from the pharynx into the esophagus; the upper esophageal sphincter then immediately closes, preventing flow of food back into the mouth.

Ganges River: Irrigation: The Upper Ganga Canal, which begins at Haridwar, and its branches have a combined length of 5,950 miles (9,575 km). The Lower Ganga Canal, extending 5,120 miles (8,240 km) with its branches, begins at Naraura. The Sarda Canal irrigates land near Ayodhya, in Uttar Pradesh.

West Germanic languages: History: …been the increasing standardization of High German and its increasing acceptance as the supradialectal form of the language. In writing, it is almost the only form used (except for limited printings of dialect literature); in speech, it is the first or second language of virtually the entire population.

Battle of the Teutoburg Forest: Context: …Romans called Germania Inferior and Germania Superior, respectively. In 12 bce Drusus took the army of Germania Superior on an expedition to crush the Sicambri, Frisii, and Chauci tribes to the north. He was able to force the tribes to surrender before year’s end, and some sources suggest that he…

Guinea: Relief: Upper Guinea is composed of the Niger Plains, which slope northeastward toward the Sahara. The flat relief is broken by rounded granite hills and outliers of the Fouta Djallon. Composed of granite, gneiss, schist (crystalline rock), and quartzite, the region has an average elevation of…

Harz: …highland is known as the Oberharz; the southeastern and more extensive part is the Unterharz. The Brocken group, dividing the two, is generally considered a part of the Oberharz.

Animikie Series, division of Precambrian rocks and time in North America (the Precambrian occurred from 3.96 billion to 540 million years ago). The Animikie Series, the uppermost division of the Huronian System, overlies rocks of the Cobalt Series. The Animikie Series was named for exposures along

Upper Hutt, city, southern North Island, New Zealand. It lies in the Hutt River valley near Wellington. Founded in 1848, it is part of the larger Hutt area named for Sir William Hutt, an original shareholder in the New Zealand Company, which pioneered the region in 1840. Upper Hutt is for the most

Iraq: Iraq from 1055 to 1534: …subdivided into three political spheres: Upper Iraq, centred on the town of Mosul; Middle Iraq, or the area around Baghdad; and Lower Iraq, whose major centres were the towns of Al-Ḥillah, Wāṣit, and Basra. Upper Iraq had strong political ties to the provinces of Diyār Bakr and Diyār Rabīʿah in…

jaw: The upper jaw is firmly attached to the nasal bones at the bridge of the nose; to the frontal, lacrimal, ethmoid, and zygomatic bones within the eye socket; to the palatine and sphenoid bones in the roof of the mouth; and at the side, by an…

Azerbaijan: Relief, drainage, and soils: The Upper Karabakh Canal, 107 miles (172 km) long, provides a vital link between the Aras River and the Mingäçevir Reservoir on the Kura River. The reservoir has a surface area of 234 square miles (606 square km) and a maximum depth of 246 feet (75…

Azerbaijan: Relief, drainage, and soils: The Upper Karabakh Canal, 107 miles (172 km) long, provides a vital link between the Aras River and the Mingäçevir Reservoir on the Kura River. The reservoir has a surface area of 234 square miles (606 square km) and a maximum depth of 246 feet (75…

Africa: Continental formations: In the upper Karoo System of subequatorial Africa, formed during the early Triassic Period, the Beaufort Series contains fossils of fish, amphibians, and reptiles. The final stages of the Triassic and the early Jurassic periods were characterized by the terminal folding of the Cape mountain chain, by…

Africa: Continental formations: In the upper Karoo System of subequatorial Africa, formed during the early Triassic Period, the Beaufort Series contains fossils of fish, amphibians, and reptiles. The final stages of the Triassic and the early Jurassic periods were characterized by the terminal folding of the Cape mountain chain, by…

arm, in zoology, either of the forelimbs or upper limbs of ordinarily bipedal vertebrates, particularly humans and other primates. The term is sometimes restricted to the proximal part, from shoulder to elbow (the distal part is then called the forearm). In brachiating (tree-swinging) primates the

Lorraine: History: …into two parts, the southern Upper Lorraine and the northern Lower Lorraine, with their boundary running from a point on the Rhine north of Andernach westward and southwestward to a point on the Meuse north of Mézières. Lower Lorraine thus included most of the historic Netherlands belonging to the German…

Lough Erne: …lake consists of the shallow Upper Lough Erne, 12 miles (19 km) long, and Lower Lough Erne, 18 miles (29 km) long, linked by a 10-mile (16-kilometre) strait that is part of the River Erne. The lakes lie in an almost level carboniferous limestone plateau. Although formed by the solution…

Lusatia: …being transferred to Prussia and Upper (northern) Lusatia remaining under the rule of Saxony. Lower Lusatia was subjected to an intensive Germanization campaign by Prussia, and its western section was completely Germanized and the number of Sorbian speakers greatly reduced. The eastern section experienced a similar process after 1871. The…

Earth: The interior of Earth: …marks the top of the upper mantle, as mentioned above. This transition area is called the Mohorovic̆ić discontinuity, or Moho. Most basaltic magmas are generated in the upper mantle at depths of hundreds of kilometres. The upper mantle, which is rich in the olivine, pyroxene, and silicate perovskite minerals, shows…

United States: The Midwest: …subregions are readily discerned, the Upper and Lower Midwest. They are separated by a line, roughly approximating the 41st parallel, that persists as far west as Colorado in terms of speech patterns and indicates differences in regional provenance in ethnic and religious terms as well. Much of the Upper Midwest…

muscle disease: Upper motor neuron disease: Muscle weakness typical of upper motor neuron disease is seen in stroke, producing weakness of one side of the body. The arm is typically flexed, the leg is extended, and the limbs have increased tone. Some movement may be preserved, although…

Kush, the southern portion of the ancient region known as

Mount Olympus, mountain peak, the highest (9,570 feet [2,917 metres]) in Greece. It is part of the Olympus massif near the Gulf of Thérmai (Modern Greek: Thermaïkós) of the Aegean Sea and lies astride the border between Macedonia (Makedonía) and Thessaly (Thessalía). It is also designated as Upper

Palatinate: …or Lower, Palatinate and the Upper Palatinate. The Rhenish Palatinate included lands on both sides of the middle Rhine River between its Main and Neckar tributaries. Its capital until the 18th century was Heidelberg. The Upper Palatinate was located in northern Bavaria, on both sides of the Naab River as…

Çatalhüyük: …interest for their link with Upper Paleolithic art.

Itaipú Dam: …hollow gravity dam on the Alto (Upper) Paraná River at the Brazil-Paraguay border. It is located north of the town of Ciudad del Este, Paraguay.

Michigan: …“Big Mac,” the 5-mile (8-km) Mackinac Bridge across the Straits of Mackinac, which separate Lake Michigan on the west from Lake Huron on the east. Between Lake Huron and Lake Erie, in the southeast, the Lower Peninsula is separated from the Canadian province of Ontario by Lake St. Clair and…

history of the Low Countries: Upper Paleolithic (35,000–10,000 bp): Aurignacian, Gravettien (upper Perigordian), and Magdalenian assemblages found in the Ardennes caves represent the northernmost fringes of the inhabited zone of Europe until about 13,000 bp. The open site of Maisières Canal in Hainaut province, Belgium, is exceptional for its preservation of glacial fauna (from about…

Bolivia: Early period: …Andean area, known then as Charcas or Upper Peru, was one of the wealthiest and most densely populated centers of the Spanish empire. Its mines were supplied with mitas (conscripted groups) of Indian laborers from throughout the Andes, and by the mid-17th century Potosí’s population had reached some 160,000—a size…

Tarantian Stage, last of four stages of the Pleistocene Series, encompassing all rocks deposited during the Tarantian Age (126,000 to 11,700 years ago) of the Pleistocene Epoch in the Quaternary Period. The name of this interval is derived from the European regional stage of the same name. No

Rhine River: Physiography: The Vorderrhein emerges from Lake Toma at 7,690 feet (2,344 metres), near the Oberalp Pass in the Central Alps, and then flows eastward past Disentis to be joined by the Hinterrhein from the south at Reichenau above Chur. (The Hinterrhein rises about five miles west of…

United States: The problem of the West: The term Upper Rio Grande region was coined to denote the oldest and strongest of the three sectors of Hispanic-American activity in the Southwest, the others being southern California and portions of Texas. Although covering the valley of the upper Rio Grande, the region also embraces segments…

Azerbaijan: Relief, drainage, and soils: The Upper Shirvan Canal, the second most important canal, is 76 miles (122 km) in length and also irrigates about 250,000 acres (100,000 hectares).

Opolskie: History: …the duchy of Opole-Racibórz (Upper Silesia). During the rule of the “Silesian Henries” (1202–41), a number of Germans settled in the duchy of Opole-Racibórz. It was a time of economic prosperity, and Opole, Nysa, and Brzeg developed as trade centres. In the 14th century the duchy of Opole-Racibórz split…

Weimar Republic: Years of crisis (1920–23): Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, an overall majority voted to remain with Germany. Therefore, Germany claimed that the whole area should remain German. However, in making that claim, it was disregarding the treaty provisions for partitioning the area according to the wishes of the…

Śląskie: Geography: The Upper Silesian Industrial District, centred on Katowice, is the largest conurbation in Poland, with a population of more than 3,000,000 at the beginning of the 21st century.

New Mexico: Plant and animal life: The Upper Sonoran Zone, comprising about three-fourths of the state and including most of the plains, foothills, and valleys above 4,500 feet, is a region of prairie grasses, low piñon pines, and juniper shrubs. At higher elevations, better stands are a result of more abundant rainfall.…

Slavic languages: Sorbian: There are two literary languages: Upper Sorbian, used around Bautzen (Budyšin), and Lower Sorbian, used around Cottbus.

United States: The South of the United States: The Upland South, which comprises the southern Appalachians, the upper Appalachian Piedmont, the Cumberland and other low interior plateaus, and the Ozarks and Ouachitas, was colonized culturally and demographically from the Chesapeake Bay hearth area and the Midland; it is most emphatically white Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP)…

primate: Forest and savanna: …a middle story, and an upper story. The understory, consisting of shrubs and saplings, is often “closed,” the crowns of the constituent trees overlapping one another to form a dense continuous horizontal layer. The middle story is characterized by trees that are in lateral contact but do not overlap; the…

Kyiv: City layout: …the area of the ancient Upper Town, crowning the high bluffs of the Dnieper. Although largely of postwar construction, this central area retains its old street pattern, and most of the surviving historical and architectural monuments are located there. First among these is the cathedral of St. Sophia, now a…

Burkina Faso, landlocked country in western Africa. The country occupies an extensive plateau, and its geography is characterized by a savanna that is grassy in the north and gradually gives way to sparse forests in the south. A former French colony, it gained independence as Upper Volta in 1960.

Burkina Faso, landlocked country in western Africa. The country occupies an extensive plateau, and its geography is characterized by a savanna that is grassy in the north and gradually gives way to sparse forests in the south. A former French colony, it gained independence as Upper Volta in 1960.

China: Sino-Tibetan of China: The second is the western variant, also known as the Chengdu or Upper Yangtze variant; this is spoken in the Sichuan Basin and in adjoining parts of southwestern China. The third is the southern variant, also known as the Nanjing or Lower Yangtze variant, which is spoken in northern…

Upper Yosemite Fall, cataract on the west slope of the Sierra Nevada in Yosemite National Park, east-central California, U.S. It lies 150 miles (240 km) east of San Francisco. With a drop of 1,430 feet (436 m), it is one of the highest waterfalls in the world and is one of the park’s most scenic

International Monetary Fund: Financing balance-of-payments deficits: …IMF loan, known as an upper-credit tranche arrangement, features an annual access limit of 100 percent of a member’s quota, quarterly disbursements, a one- to three-year maturity structure, and a three- to five-year repayment schedule. The IMF charges the same interest rate to every country that borrows from a particular…

climate: Upper-level winds: The flow of air around the globe is greatest in the higher altitudes, or upper levels. Upper-level airflow occurs in wavelike currents that may exist for several days before dissipating. Upper-level wind speeds generally occur on the order of tens of metres…

majuscule, in calligraphy, capital, uppercase, or large letter in most alphabets, in contrast to the minuscule, lowercase, or small letter. All the letters in a majuscule script are contained between a single pair of (real or theoretical) horizontal lines. The Latin, or Roman, alphabet uses both

boxing: Techniques: The uppercut is an upward blow delivered from the direction of the toes with either hand. The straight right or left is thrown at shoulder level with the back hand, usually as a follow-up to a jab from the other hand.

Uppingham, town (parish) in the unitary authority and historic county of Rutland, east-central England. The town is noted for its 16th-century houses and its public (independent secondary) school. It came into being as a market town and is located in what is still a predominantly agricultural area.

Uppingham: Uppingham School (1584) still has its original building; under Edward Thring as headmaster, it became a school of great educational influence. Pop. (2001) 3,947; (2011) 4,745.

Uppland, landskap (province), east-central Sweden. It is bounded by the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Sea on the east and by the traditional landskap (provinces) of Södermanland, Västmanland, and Gästrikland on the south, west, and north, respectively. It is composed of the administrative län

Scandinavian law: Historical development of Scandinavian law: …Danish); and the laws of Uppland (1296) and Götaland (early 13th century), both Swedish. Other Scandinavian communities and states followed suit.

Uppsala, län (county) in east-central Sweden. It lies between Mälaren (lake) on the south and the Gulf of Bothnia on the north. It constitutes most of the western part of the landskap (province) of Uppland. The län’s low, level surface is drained by the Fyris River. Grain and potatoes are grown,

Uppsala, city and capital of the län (county) of Uppsala, east-central Sweden. It lies 40 miles (64 km) north-northwest of Stockholm. Originally known as Östra Aros, it was founded as a trading post at the head of navigation on the Fyris River at a point a few miles from Gamla (Old) Uppsala, which

Carolus Linnaeus: Early life and travels: In 1732 the Uppsala Academy of Sciences sent Linnaeus on a research expedition to Lapland. After his return in the autumn of that year, he gave private lectures in botany and mineral assaying. That Christmas he used some of his earnings to pay a visit to Claes Sohlberg,…

Uppsala: …its political primacy to Stockholm, Uppsala has remained a religious center as the seat of the archbishop of Sweden. The Gothic cathedral, the largest such structure in Sweden, dominates the city. Work began on this edifice in the late 13th century but progressed slowly, and not until 1435 was the…

Axel Hägerström: …Swedish philosopher who founded the Uppsala school of philosophy, which espoused phenomenological and conceptual analysis and rejected metaphysical suppositions and subjectivism.

Uppsala University, state-sponsored coeducational university at Uppsala, the oldest institution of higher learning in Sweden. It was founded in 1477 but closed in 1510 because of the religious disputes of the time. It was reopened in 1595 with faculties of theology and philosophy, and in 1624 King

Uppsala University, state-sponsored coeducational university at Uppsala, the oldest institution of higher learning in Sweden. It was founded in 1477 but closed in 1510 because of the religious disputes of the time. It was reopened in 1595 with faculties of theology and philosophy, and in 1624 King

Charles IX: …in 1592, Charles called the Convention of Uppsala (1593), which demanded that Lutheranism be retained as the national religion. By playing on the nobles’ fear of absolutist rule by an absentee monarch, Charles won their support in forcing Sigismund to accept the decisions of the Convention of Uppsala and to…

Uppsala University, state-sponsored coeducational university at Uppsala, the oldest institution of higher learning in Sweden. It was founded in 1477 but closed in 1510 because of the religious disputes of the time. It was reopened in 1595 with faculties of theology and philosophy, and in 1624 King

endoplasmic reticulum: …signaling mechanism known as the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated. The response is adaptive, such that UPR activation triggers reductions in protein synthesis and enhancements in ER protein-folding capacity and ER-associated protein degradation. If the adaptive response fails, cells are directed to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death).

Kate McKinnon: Career: …as a member of the Upright Citizens Brigade troupe in New York City and starring in the solo show Kate McKinnon on Ice (2011). In 2024 she published her first book, The Millicent Quibb School of Etiquette for Young Ladies of Mad Science, a mystery novel for adolescent readers.

upright piano, musical instrument in which the soundboard and plane of the strings run vertically, perpendicular to the keyboard, thus taking up less floor space than the normal grand piano. Upright pianos are made in various heights; the shortest are called spinets or consoles, and these are

primate: Bipedalism: All primates sit upright. Many stand upright without supporting their body weight by their arms, and some, especially the apes, actually walk upright for short periods. The view that the possession of uprightness is a solely human attribute is untenable; humans are merely the one species of the…

Bob Marley: Formation of the Wailers, role of Rastafari, and international fame: (1977), Kaya (1978), Uprising (1980), and the posthumous Confrontation (1983). Exploding in Marley’s reedy tenor, his songs were public expressions of personal truths—eloquent in their uncommon mesh of rhythm and blues, rock, and venturesome reggae forms and electrifying in their narrative might. Making music that transcended all its…

Bulgaria: National revolution: The April Uprising broke out prematurely on April 20 (May 2, New Style) and was violently put down. The atrocities committed against the civilian population by irregular Turkish forces, including the massacre of 15,000 Bulgarians near Plovdiv, increased the Bulgarian desire for independence. They also outraged…

Romanian literature: Between the wars: …redistribution of land; Răscoala (1932; The Uprising) described the Romanian peasant uprising of 1907. His best work, Pădurea spînzuraƫilor (1922; The Forest of the Hanged), was inspired by his brother’s fate during World War I. In it, he describes the tragedy of a Romanian soldier forced to turn against his…

Burundi: Burundi under colonial rule: …in 1955, three years later Unity for National Progress (Unité pour le Progrès National; UPRONA) was established in Burundi. In 1959 the mwami was made a constitutional monarch in Burundi.

Oscar Handlin: Handlin’s most important historical study, The Uprooted (1951), told the story of the great waves of immigration that formed the American people, and it examined the psychological and cultural adjustments that people had to make after settling in the United States. The book’s combination of literary style, acute scholarship, and…

United Parcel Service, Inc. (UPS) is an American package and document delivery company operating worldwide. Its dark brown trucks have become a familiar sight on the streets of many cities. The UPS corporate headquarters is in Sandy Springs, Georgia, a suburb of Atlanta. UPS traces its history to

spectroscopy: Photoelectron spectroscopy: Photoelectron spectroscopy is an extension of the photoelectric effect (see radiation: The photoelectric effect), first explained by Einstein in 1905, to atoms and molecules in all energy states. The technique involves the bombardment of a sample

Man o’ War: Breeding and early racing career: …was by the aptly named Upset in the Sanford Memorial at Saratoga. (The loss gave rise to the popular, but misguided, belief that Man o’ War’s defeat was so monumental that it marked the beginning of the use of the word upset in reference to surprising sporting wins.)

metallurgy: Forging: …operations given special names are upsetting and coining. Coining takes its name from the final stage of forming metal coins, where the desired imprint is formed on a smooth metal disk that is pressed in a closed die. Coining involves small strains and is done cold to enhance surface definition…

Dawn Upshaw is an American operatic soprano known for her exquisite voice and for her meticulous attention to texts in many languages. Upshaw received a bachelor’s degree (1982) from Illinois Wesleyan University and a master’s degree (1984) from the Manhattan School of Music in New York City. In

Gene Upshaw was an American professional gridiron football player and labour union director. Upshaw was a Hall of Fame offensive lineman for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL) before serving as the executive director of the NFL Players Association (NFLPA; 1983–2008). Upshaw

Gene Upshaw was an American professional gridiron football player and labour union director. Upshaw was a Hall of Fame offensive lineman for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL) before serving as the executive director of the NFL Players Association (NFLPA; 1983–2008). Upshaw

Juan Felipe Herrera: Poetry and career: His children’s book The Upside Down Boy (2000) was adapted into a musical (The Upside Down Boy: A Latino Musical) and premiered in New York City in 2004. In 2005 Herrera was appointed professor of creative writing at the University of California, Riverside, and continued to publish his…

Kevin Costner: Open Range, Hidden Figures, and Molly’s Game: …missile crisis; the comic dramas The Upside of Anger (2005) and Swing Vote (2008); and the action movie The Guardian (2006). Costner then was cast as the head of the Hatfield family in the television miniseries Hatfields & McCoys (2012), for which he won an Emmy Award and a Golden…

Bryan Cranston: …in the Iraq War, and The Upside, wherein he played a wealthy man with quadriplegia who hires an ex-convict as his caretaker. He later lent his voice to a canine named Chief in Wes Anderson’s stop-motion animated feature Isle of Dogs (2018). In 2022 Cranston costarred with Annette Bening in…

catfish: …that makes grunting sounds; the upside-down catfishes (Synodontis batensoda and others) of the family Mochokidae habitually swim upside down; the walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) is an air breather of the family Clariidae that can travel overland.

meson: …of another heavy meson, called upsilon, revealed the existence of the bottom quark and its accompanying antiquark and gave rise to speculation about the existence of a companion particle, the top quark. This sixth quark type, or “flavour,” was discovered in 1995. Conclusive proof of its existence culminated the search…

anabatic wind, local air current that blows up a hill or mountain slope facing the Sun. During the day, the Sun heats such a slope (and the air over it) faster than it does the adjacent atmosphere over a valley or a plain at the same altitude. This warming decreases the density of the air, causing

Fay Weldon: …of the hugely popular series Upstairs, Downstairs (1971–75), about an aristocratic family and its staff. Some of Weldon’s other works included the radio plays Spider (1973) and Polaris (1978) and the stage plays Words of Advice (1974) and Action Replay (1979).

roller coaster: Expansion in the United States: His underfriction wheels, or upstop wheels (1919), kept coaster cars locked on their tracks, which enabled them to safely reach high speeds, bank suddenly, and turn upside down.

therapeutics: Principles of drug uptake and distribution: Study of the factors that influence the movement of drugs throughout the body is called pharmacokinetics, which includes the absorption, distribution, localization in tissues, biotransformation, and excretion of drugs. The study of the actions of the drugs and their effects is called…

Francis Robbins Upton was an American mathematician and physicist who, as an assistant to Thomas Edison, contributed to the development of the American electric industry. Upton studied at Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine; Princeton University; and—with Hermann von Helmholtz—Berlin University. In

heraldry: Early writers: Nicholas Upton, a canon of Salisbury Cathedral, about 1440 wrote De studio militari (“On Military Studies”). John of Guildford’s treatise was printed in 1654 with Upton’s work and the Aspilogia of Sir Henry Spelman by Sir Edward Bysshe, Garter King of Arms, who edited and…

the Crystals: The group followed with “Uptown,” a modest hit that allowed Spector to experiment with nontraditional pop instruments such as castinets and Spanish guitars.

Bruno Mars: Doo-Wops & Hooligans, Unorthodox Jukebox, and Uptown Funk: …on the 2014 single “Uptown Funk,” a collaboration with British producer Mark Ronson that recalled 1980s funk and R&B. The song, which appears on Ronson’s album Uptown Special (2015), became a major worldwide hit and won the Grammy for record of the year.

Christie Brinkley: …video for his song “Uptown Girl” (1983). Brinkley’s books include Christie Brinkley’s Outdoor Beauty and Fitness Book (1983) and Timeless Beauty (2015).

Sidney Poitier: Poitier as a director: …box office, but the comedy Uptown Saturday Night (1974) was an enormous hit, thanks to the chemistry between Poitier and costars Bill Cosby and Belafonte. Poitier then reteamed with Cosby on Let’s Do It Again (1975) and A Piece of the Action (1977).

Universal Postal Union (UPU), specialized agency of the United Nations that aims to organize and improve postal service throughout the world and to ensure international collaboration in this area. Among the principles governing its operation as set forth in the Universal Postal Convention and the