vibrio: V. anguillarum is found in diseased eels and other fishes.

bacteria: Bacteria in medicine: …and the cholera bacterium (Vibrio cholerae), which reproduces in the intestinal tract, where the toxin that it produces causes the voluminous diarrhea characteristic of this cholera. Other bacteria that can infect humans include staphylococcal bacteria (primarily Staphylococcus aureus), which can infect the skin to cause boils (furuncles), the bloodstream…

vibrio: …the cause of cholera, and V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus both act as agents of acute enteritis, or bacterial diarrhea. V. anguillarum is found in diseased eels and other fishes.

livestock farming: Diseases of beef and dairy cattle: Vibriosis, a venereal disease that causes abortion; pneumonia, an inflammation of the lungs; and shipping fever all cause serious losses and are difficult to control except through good management. Broad-spectrum antibiotics (antibiotics that are effective against various microorganisms), as well as powerful and specific pharmaceuticals,…

vibrissae, stiff hairs on the face or nostrils of an animal, such as the whiskers of a cat. Vibrissae often act as tactile organs. The hairlike feathers around the bill and eyes of insect-feeding birds are called vibrissae, as are the paired bristles near the mouth of certain flies and the

viburnum, (genus Viburnum), any of about 175 shrubs and small trees belonging to the family Adoxaceae, native to temperate and subtropical Eurasia and North America, with about 16 species native to Malaysia. Many species are cultivated for their ornamental foliage, fragrant clusters of usually

viburnum, (genus Viburnum), any of about 175 shrubs and small trees belonging to the family Adoxaceae, native to temperate and subtropical Eurasia and North America, with about 16 species native to Malaysia. Many species are cultivated for their ornamental foliage, fragrant clusters of usually

viburnum: The American wayfaring tree, or hobblebush (V. alnifolium), native to eastern North America, grows to 3 metres (10 feet) tall; it has roundish leaves, with white flower clusters and red berries that turn purple-black at maturity. The wayfaring tree of Europe, V. lantana, grows to 5…

viburnum: …toothed, oval leaves; and the arrowwood (V. dentatum), with roundish to oval, coarsely toothed leaves. Laurustinus (V. tinus), a 3-metre-tall evergreen with oblong leaves, is native to the Mediterranean area. Sweet viburnum (V. odoratissimum), from India and Japan, bears dark-green, shiny, evergreen leaves and large clusters of fragrant flowers.

Dipsacales: Adoxaceae: Red-fruited squashberry (V. edule) inhabits moist woods from Labrador to Alaska, southward into Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Minnesota, and as far west as Colorado and Oregon. Arrowwood (V. dentatum) thrives not only in moist woods but also in swamps. Possumhaw (V. nudum) is largely limited to…

viburnum: The wayfaring tree of Europe, V. lantana, grows to 5 metres (16 feet). The European cranberry, highbush cranberry, or water elder (V. opulus), a small tree reaching 4 metres (13 feet), is native to northern Europe and North Africa. It has three- to five-lobed, maplelike leaves…

viburnum: rufidulum), similar but taller; the sheepberry, or nannyberry (V. lentago), with finely toothed, oval leaves; and the arrowwood (V. dentatum), with roundish to oval, coarsely toothed leaves. Laurustinus (V. tinus), a 3-metre-tall evergreen with oblong leaves, is native to the Mediterranean area. Sweet viburnum (V. odoratissimum), from India and Japan,…

Dipsacales: Adoxaceae: dentatum), and Chinese snowball (V. macrocephalum).

Dipsacales: Adoxaceae: dentatum), and Chinese snowball (V. macrocephalum).

Dipsacales: Adoxaceae: Possumhaw (V. nudum) is largely limited to swamps of the eastern and southern coastal plains of the United States. In contrast, rusty blackhaw (V. rufidulum) and softleaf arrowwood (V. molle) prefer dry rocky woods or hills. Viburnum is also an important horticultural genus; some of…

viburnum: Sweet viburnum (V. odoratissimum), from India and Japan, bears dark-green, shiny, evergreen leaves and large clusters of fragrant flowers.

viburnum: The European cranberry, highbush cranberry, or water elder (V. opulus), a small tree reaching 4 metres (13 feet), is native to northern Europe and North Africa. It has three- to five-lobed, maplelike leaves and round heads of white flowers that are followed by hanging clusters of…

Dipsacales: Adoxaceae: …of its cultivated species include guelder rose (V. opulus), arrowwood (V. dentatum), and Chinese snowball (V. macrocephalum).

viburnum: … variety roseum, is known as snowball, or guelder rose, for its round, roselike heads of sterile florets. Chinese snowball (V. macrocephalum variety sterile) and Japanese snowball (V. plicatum) are common snowball bushes with large balls of white to greenish white flowers. The 4.5-metre- (15-foot-) high black haw (V. prunifolium), of…

viburnum: macrocephalum variety sterile) and Japanese snowball (V. plicatum) are common snowball bushes with large balls of white to greenish white flowers. The 4.5-metre- (15-foot-) high black haw (V. prunifolium), of eastern North America, has plumlike leaves, small white flower clusters, and blue-black berries.

viburnum: 5-metre- (15-foot-) high black haw (V. prunifolium), of eastern North America, has plumlike leaves, small white flower clusters, and blue-black berries.

viburnum: …North American species are the southern black haw (V. rufidulum), similar but taller; the sheepberry, or nannyberry (V. lentago), with finely toothed, oval leaves; and the arrowwood (V. dentatum), with roundish to oval, coarsely toothed leaves. Laurustinus (V. tinus), a 3-metre-tall evergreen with oblong leaves, is native to the Mediterranean…

viburnum: Laurustinus (V. tinus), a 3-metre-tall evergreen with oblong leaves, is native to the Mediterranean area. Sweet viburnum (V. odoratissimum), from India and Japan, bears dark-green, shiny, evergreen leaves and large clusters of fragrant flowers.

viburnum: V. trilobum, from northern North America, is similar but has short-stalked flowers and three-lobed leaves.

Vic, city, Barcelona provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Catalonia, northeastern Spain. The city is situated on the Vic Plain and lies along the Meder River, which is an affluent of the Ter River. Because it was first inhabited by the Ausetanos, an ancient

formation flying: …the leader is called a vic, or a vee. An aircraft flying directly under and behind the leader is “in trail,” or in the slot position. The diamond formation, with one airplane in the slot and one on each side of the leader, is a particularly popular display formation. Finger…

radio: Situation comedy: For example, Vic and Sade, which debuted on June 29, 1932, depicted the strange yet recognizable events in the lives of Victor Gook and his wife, Sade, who lived in “the small house halfway up the next block,” in small-town Illinois. Although the show had a sparse…

Vic: Vic Cathedral, founded in 1040 and reconstructed in the period 1780–1803, offers a virtual survey in architectural styles, from its original Romanesque bell tower to its Gothic altarpiece to its Neoclassical facade. It is also notable for the wall paintings of Josep Maria Sert, whose…

Victoria: The contemporary city: …is the historic neighbourhood of Victoria West (known as Vic West). This working-class residential neighbourhood became part of the municipality of Victoria in 1890 and was connected to downtown by the Johnson Street Bridge in 1924. Other bridges run north of Vic West to neighbouring Burnside, a large region that…

Royal Ballet, English ballet company and school. It was formed in 1956 under a royal charter of incorporation granted by Queen Elizabeth II to the Sadler’s Wells Ballet and its sister organizations, the Sadler’s Wells Theatre Ballet and the Sadler’s Wells School. The founders of the Sadler’s Wells

police: Criminal profiling: …in such investigations; the FBI’s Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (ViCAP), for example, is a database that contains information on violent crimes committed across the United States. The system compares all new cases with all previously entered cases; when two cases are similar enough to have been committed by the same…

pre-Columbian civilizations: The beginnings of external expansion: His brothers Vicaquirao (Wika-k’iraw) and Apo Mayta (’Apu Mayta) were able military leaders and incorporated lands south and east of Cuzco into the Inca domain. Yahuar Huacac’s principal wife was apparently an Ayarmaca, indicating that at that time sister marriage was not the rule (see below Civil…

vicar, (from Latin vicarius, “substitute”), an official acting in some special way for a superior, primarily an ecclesiastical title in the Christian Church. In the Roman Empire as reorganized by Emperor Diocletian (reigned 284–305), the vicarius was an important official, and the title remained in

Wood Family: The “Vicar and Moses,” afterward repeated by his son and many other potters, appeared at this time and enjoyed great popularity. Of the animals, the stags are particularly well-known. Wood was among the first of English potters to impress his name on his wares, and he…

vicar: Beginning in the 4th century, vicar of the apostolic see or vicar apostolic came to mean a residential bishop with certain rights of surveillance over neighbouring bishops. By the 13th century a vicar was an emissary sent from Rome to govern a diocese that was without a bishop or in…

vicar: A vicar forane (or rural dean) is a priest in charge of a subdivision of a diocese called a forane vicariate, or deanery. In canon law a priest working with or in place of the pastor of a parish is called a vicar, or curate.

vicar: A vicar general is appointed by the bishop as the highest administrative officer of the diocese, with most of the powers of the bishop. The pope governs his own diocese of Rome through a cardinal vicar and a special vicar general for the Vatican City. Vicar…

Bray: The well-known English ballad “The Vicar of Bray,” of unknown authorship, tells how the vicar of the community retained his ecclesiastical living by changing creed according to necessity from the time of Charles II until the accession of George I. The modern village is residential in character. Pop. (2001)…

Dawn French: …1994 with the TV series The Vicar of Dibley, in which she starred in the title role; the show ended production in 2007. From 1995 to 2003 she also served as a writer for, and made occasional appearances on, Saunders’s series Absolutely Fabulous. Among other TV roles were leads in…

A.N. Wilson: …Art (1980), Wise Virgin (1982), The Vicar of Sorrows (1993), and My Name Is Legion (2004). His other novels included works set in the past, such as Gentleman in England (1985); Love Unknown (1986); The Lampitt Papers, a novel sequence about a well-known biographer that included Incline Our Hearts (1988),…

vicar: Beginning in the 4th century, vicar of the apostolic see or vicar apostolic came to mean a residential bishop with certain rights of surveillance over neighbouring bishops. By the 13th century a vicar was an emissary sent from Rome to govern a diocese that was without a bishop or in…

The Vicar of Wakefield, novel by Oliver Goldsmith, published in two volumes in 1766. The story, a portrait of village life, is narrated by Dr. Primrose, the title character, whose family endures many trials—including the loss of most of their money, the seduction of one daughter, the destruction of

biogeographic region: Dispersalist and vicariance biogeography: Within historical biogeography, two views—the dispersalist and vicariance hypotheses of biotic distribution patterns—have been at odds. According to the dispersalist view, speciation occurs as animals spread out from a centre of origin, crossing preexisting barriers that they would not readily recross and that…

tort: Vicarious liability: Vicarious liability is liability imposed on the employer of an employee for the tort of the latter when committed in the course of his employment. This is a form of strict liability, since the “innocent” master is made liable for the fault of…

suspension bridge: History and uses: …invented by the French engineer Louis Vicat, a contemporary of Roebling. Vicat’s method employed a traveling wheel to carry the continuous cable strand from the anchorage on one side up over the tower, down on a predetermined sag (catenary) to the midpoint of the bridge, up and over the tower…

vise, device consisting of two parallel jaws for holding a workpiece; one of the jaws is fixed and the other movable by a screw, a lever, or a cam. When used for holding a workpiece during hand operations, such as filing, hammering, or sawing, the vise may be permanently bolted to a bench. In vises

Adam McKay: McKay next wrote and directed Vice (2018), about Dick Cheney’s achievement of power and influence as Pres. George W. Bush’s vice president. Though less well received, Vice was nominated for the best-picture Oscar, and McKay received nods for his direction and writing.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Major works of political philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Human vices, he argued, date from the time when societies were formed.

Czechoslovak history: The Jagiellonian kings: …officers, including that of the vice chamberlain, who, in the king’s name, supervised municipal administration. Although the boroughs gained some reasonable satisfaction, the landowning nobility was permitted to engage in the production of articles that were previously the monopoly of the royal boroughs.

Walter Reckless: … (1925), which was published as Vice in Chicago (1933), a landmark sociological study of fraud, prostitution, and organized crime in the city’s “vice” districts.

Equatorial Guinea: Independence of Equatorial Guinea: …creating the position of a vice president, who would be appointed by the president and who would be next in line to assume the presidency should the incumbent president die or retire. The last two changes, as well as others, had been denounced as means of expanding Obiang’s grip on…

vice president of India, deputy to the head of state (president) of the Republic of India. This officer serves as the ex officio chair of the Council of States, or Rajya Sabha, India’s upper house of parliament. The vice president, who serves a five-year term, takes over all duties of the president

vice president of the United States of America, officer next in rank to the president of the United States, who ascends to the presidency on the event of the president’s death, disability, resignation, or removal. The vice president also serves as the presiding officer of the U.S. Senate, a role

When J.D. Vance and Tim Walz square off in their only vice presidential debate of the 2024 campaign, what issues are likely to come up? You can click on each square in the game board below to learn about the topics. Then, as you watch the televised debate, mark off topics as they are raised and

viscount: … period of European history, the vicecomites, or missi comitis, were deputies, vicars, or lieutenants of the counts, whose official powers they exercised by delegation. As the countships eventually became hereditary, the lieutenancies did as well: for instance, in France the viscounts in Narbonne, in Nîmes, and in Albi appear to…

Armand, marquis de Caulaincourt was a French general, diplomat, and ultimately foreign minister under Napoleon. As the Emperor’s loyal master of horse from 1804, Caulaincourt was at Napoleon’s side in his great battles, and his Mémoires provide an important source for the period 1812 to 1814. In

Manuel del Popolo García was a Spanish tenor and composer, one of the finest singers of his time. At age 17 García made his stage debut at Cádiz, Spain, in an operetta that included songs he had composed. In 1800 the first of his more than 90 operas, El preso, was produced in Madrid. García was

Vicente López, partido (county) of Gran (Greater) Buenos Aires, eastern Argentina. It is located directly north of the city of Buenos Aires, in Buenos Aires provincia (province), on the Río de la Plata estuary. Olivos is its cabecera (county seat). Colonization of the area began with the second and

metalwork: 16th century: …the Belém monstrance, created by Gil Vicente in 1506 for Belém Monastery near Lisbon, is still Gothic in style; later, Portugal developed its own style, related to Spanish work but not copied from it.

Gil Vicente was the chief dramatist of Portugal, sometimes called the Portuguese Plautus. He was also a noted lyric poet, in both Portuguese and Spanish. The record of much of Vicente’s life is vague, to the extent that his identity is still uncertain. Some have identified him with a goldsmith of

Angola: Angola in the 21st century: …previous heir apparent, Vice President Manuel Vicente, had become embroiled in a lengthy corruption investigation in Portugal that culminated in legal charges being filed against him there in 2017. Many analysts thought dos Santos had been grooming one of his children to succeed him: in particular, either Isabel, whom he…

choral music: The Italian madrigal: …chromaticism were carried out by Nicola Vicentino, whose dramatic setting of O messaggi del cor, by the Renaissance poet Ludovico Ariosto, makes highly effective use of a mounting modulatory scheme (changes of key) to enhance the insistent repetition of the opening exclamations. His early madrigals exploit a more classical vein,…

Vicenza, city, episcopal see, Veneto region, northern Italy, traversed by the Bacchiglione and Retrone rivers, at the eastern end of the valley between the Monti Lessini and the Monti Berici (which connects Lombardy with Veneto), northwest of Padua. Originally a settlement of the Ligurians or

Italian literature: The veristi and other narrative writers: …his novel I vicerè (1894; The Viceroys), has given a cynical and wryly funny account of an aristocratic Sicilian family that adapted all too well to change. Capuana, the founder of verismo and most rigorous adherent to its impersonal method of narration, is known principally for his dramatic psychological study,…

brush-footed butterfly: The viceroy (Basilarchia archippus or Limenitis archippus) is known for its mimetic relationship with the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). The two species resemble one another in their coloration, and both are distasteful to predators. Viceroy larvae feed on willow, aspen, and poplar foliage and retain in…

viceroy, one who rules a country or province as the representative of his sovereign or king and who is empowered to act in the sovereign’s name. Viceroy (virrey) was the title given to the principal governors of Spain’s American colonies, as well as to the governors of the “kingdoms” (reinos) of

Bruce Chatwin: The Viceroy of Ouidah (1980; filmed as Cobra Verde, 1987) is a fictionalized biography of a Brazilian slave trader in 19th-century Dahomey. In On the Black Hill (1982; filmed 1988), which won the Whitbread literary award, Chatwin explored the lives of twin brothers on an…

Rashtrapati Bhavan, official residence of the president of India. It is located on Raisina Hill in New Delhi. It was originally known as Viceroy’s House and served as the official residence of the British viceroy to India during the British Raj. It was designed by the architect Sir Edwin Lutyens

Gillian Anderson: Films: The House of Mirth and The Last King of Scotland: …starred in the historical drama Viceroy’s House and in Crooked House, an adaptation of an Agatha Christie mystery. She then played an MI6 agent in the comedy The Spy Who Dumped Me (2018). Her film credits from 2019 included The Sunlit Night. Anderson subsequently appeared in White Bird (2023) and…

Latin American architecture: The first Spanish viceroyalties and their capitals: …the New World according to viceroyalties—geographical regions administered by a viceroy, a direct representative of the Spanish crown vested with executive, legislative, judicial, military, and ecclesiastical power.

Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, the final of the four viceroyalties that Spain created during its colonization of Central and South America. Including the territory now comprising Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia, the new viceroyalty (established in 1776) controlled an area previously

Italian literature: The veristi and other narrative writers: …his novel I vicerè (1894; The Viceroys), has given a cynical and wryly funny account of an aristocratic Sicilian family that adapted all too well to change. Capuana, the founder of verismo and most rigorous adherent to its impersonal method of narration, is known principally for his dramatic psychological study,…

English literature: Prose: …another has the workmanlike compilation Vices and Virtues, composed about 1200. But the English language faced stiff competition from both Anglo-Norman (the insular dialect of French being used increasingly in the monasteries) and Latin, a language intelligible to speakers of both English and French. It was inevitable, then, that the…

Vicenza, city, episcopal see, Veneto region, northern Italy, traversed by the Bacchiglione and Retrone rivers, at the eastern end of the valley between the Monti Lessini and the Monti Berici (which connects Lombardy with Veneto), northwest of Padua. Originally a settlement of the Ligurians or

Vic, city, Barcelona provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Catalonia, northeastern Spain. The city is situated on the Vic Plain and lies along the Meder River, which is an affluent of the Ter River. Because it was first inhabited by the Ausetanos, an ancient

Vichada, departamento, eastern Colombia. It lies in the Llanos (plains) of the Orinoco River basin and is bounded north and east by Venezuela and south by the Guaviare River. It is drained by several navigable tributaries of the Orinoco River, including the Meta (along the northern border),

Orinoco River: Physiography of the Orinoco: …the main tributaries are the Vichada and Tomo rivers from the Colombian Llanos, and the Guayapo, Sipapo, Autana, and Cuao rivers from the Guiana Highlands.

Ramana Maharshi: …philosophy is the technique of vichara (self-“pondering” inquiry).

Vichuga, centre of a raion (sector), Ivanovo oblast (region), western Russia. It lies about 18 miles (30 km) south of the Volga River and 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Ivanovo city. Vichuga developed from a number of industrial villages and was incorporated in 1920. It is now an important centre of

Vichy, town, Allier département, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes région, central France. It lies on the east bank of the Allier River. Vichy is renowned as one of the largest spas in France. The town, largely modern and with a profusion of hotels, is separated from the river by parks surrounding the two

Vichy France, (July 1940–September 1944), France under the regime of Marshal Philippe Pétain from the Nazi German defeat of France to the Allied liberation in World War II. The Franco-German Armistice of June 22, 1940, divided France into two zones: one to be under German military occupation and

Marie de Vichy-Chamrond, marquise du Deffand was a woman of letters and a leading figure in French society. She was born of a noble family, educated at a convent in Paris, and married at 21 to her kinsman Jean-Baptiste de La Lande, Marquis du Deffand, from whom she separated in 1722. She was by

vetch, (genus Vicia), genus of about 140 species of herbaceous plants in the pea family (Fabaceae). The fava bean (Vicia faba) is an important food crop, and several other species of vetch are cultivated as fodder and cover crops and as green manure. Like other legumes, they add nitrogen to the

broad bean, (Vicia faba), species of legume (family Fabaceae) widely cultivated for its edible seeds. The broad bean is the principal bean of Europe, though it is generally less well known in the United States. As with other vetches, broad beans are frequently planted as cover crops and green

organohalogen compound: Synthesis: Vicinal dihalides, compounds that have halogens on adjacent carbons, are prepared by the reaction between a halogen and an alkene. The simplest example is the reaction between ethylene and chlorine to give 1,2-dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride). 1,2-Dichloroethane leads all other organohalogen compounds in terms of its…

Derek Jacobi: In the sitcom Vicious (2013–16), he was one-half of a longtime gay couple. Jacobi had supporting roles in the films My Week with Marilyn (2011), Grace of Monaco (2014), and Effie Gray (2014). He reteamed with Branagh for the movie adaptations of Cinderella (2015) and Murder on the…

history of logic: Principia Mathematica and its aftermath: …broader kind resulted from the vicious circle that arises when an object is defined by means of quantifiers whose values include the defined object itself. Russell’s paradox itself incorporates such a self-referring, or “impredicative,” definition; the injunction to avoid them was called by Russell the “vicious circle principle.” It was…

Algonquin Round Table, informal group of American literary figures who met daily for lunch on weekdays at a large round table in the Algonquin Hotel in New York City during the 1920s and ’30s. The Algonquin Round Table began meeting in June 1919, and within a few years its participants included

Sid Vicious was an English bass player and singer who achieved fame as a member of the punk rock band the Sex Pistols in the late 1970s. Vicious’s short life and career were marked by violence, nihilism, rebellion, and apathy, which made him the ultimate icon of the confrontational style of music

gottuvadyam: The vichitra veena of northern India (a modern fretless variant of the veena) is built on the same principles as the gottuvadyam; it has, however, a lighter body, which gives it a less resonant tone.

Michael Vick is an American professional gridiron football quarterback who was the highest-paid player in National Football League (NFL) history before pleading guilty, in 2007, to charges of running an illegal dogfighting ring. After serving 18 months in a federal prison, he returned to the NFL

Michael Vick is an American professional gridiron football quarterback who was the highest-paid player in National Football League (NFL) history before pleading guilty, in 2007, to charges of running an illegal dogfighting ring. After serving 18 months in a federal prison, he returned to the NFL

hardness tester: The Vickers hardness tester uses a square-based diamond pyramid indenter, and the hardness number is equal to the load divided by the product of the lengths of the diagonals of the square impression. Vickers hardness is the most accurate for very hard materials and can be…

military aircraft: Fighters: …of this machine, the Vickers F.B.5 Gunbus, entered service in early 1915 as the first production aircraft designed from the outset with air-to-air armament. The French armed similarly configured Voisin pushers with machine guns (one had shot down a German aircraft as early as October 5, 1914), but, burdened with…

Vickers hardness, a measure of the hardness of a material, calculated from the size of an impression produced under load by a pyramid-shaped diamond indenter. Devised in the 1920s by engineers at Vickers, Ltd., in the United Kingdom, the diamond pyramid hardness test, as it also became known,

Maxim machine gun, first fully automatic machine gun (q.v.), developed by engineer and inventor Hiram Maxim in about 1884, while he was residing in England. It was manufactured by Vickers and was sometimes known as the Vickers-Maxim and sometimes just Vickers. These guns were used by every major

tank: Interwar developments: …ordered 160 of the new Vickers Medium tanks. They were virtually the only tanks the British Army had until the early 1930s and the only tanks to be produced in quantity anywhere in the world during the mid-1920s. The Vickers Mediums stimulated the Royal Tank Corps to develop mobile tactics,…

history of flight: The airlines reequip: …of these was the Vickers Viscount, which was built in larger numbers (444) than any other British airliner. The Viscount could carry from 40 to 65 passengers at a cruising speed of 355 to 365 miles (570 to 590 km) per hour, depending on configuration. It was employed most extensively…

Sir Barnes Wallis: …the Royal Air Force’s (RAF’s) Wellington bomber in World War II. His researches into detonation effects led to his inventing the rotating bouncing bomb that, when dropped from an aircraft, skipped over the water and exploded while sinking to the base of the retaining wall of a dam. This type…

britannia metal, alloy composed approximately of 93 percent tin, 5 percent antimony, and 2 percent copper, used for making various utensils, including teapots, jugs, drinking vessels, candlesticks, and urns, and for official maces. Similar in colour to pewter, britannia metal is harder, stronger,