Victoria Peak, highest point (3,681 ft [1,122 m]) in the Cockscomb Range, a spur of the Maya Mountains in central Belize, 30 mi (48 km) southwest of Stann

Hong Kong: Relief: …Hong Kong Island that include Victoria Peak in the west, which rises to 1,810 feet (552 meters), and Mount Parker in the east, which reaches a height of about 1,742 feet (531 meters).

water lily: Major genera and species: The leaf margins of the Amazon, or royal, water lily (V. amazonica, formerly Victoria regia) and the Santa Cruz water lily (V. cruziana) have upturned edges, giving each thickly veined leaf the appearance of a large shallow pan 60 to 180 cm (about 2 to 6 feet) across and accounting…

Victoria River, the longest river in Northern Territory, Australia. The river rises in low sand hills at 1,200 feet (370 metres) elevation north of Hooker Creek. It flows north and northwest for about 350 miles (560 km) across a region of hills and basins to enter Joseph Bonaparte Gulf of the Timor

Victoria Station, railway station in the borough of Westminster, London. It stands just south of Buckingham Palace. Victoria Station is actually two 19th-century stations combined into one unit. The eastern portion was built for the London, Chatham and Dover Railway, and the western side was

Victoria Strait, southern arm of the Arctic Ocean, lying between Victoria Island on the west and King William Island on the east, in eastern Kitikmeot region, Northwest Territories, Canada. The strait is about 100 miles (160 km) long and from 50 to 80 miles (80 to 130 km) wide. It connects Queen

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, main railway station in Mumbai, India, and the headquarters of the city’s Central Railway System. It was built between 1878 and 1887. The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus presents many visitors with their first impression of the huge metropolis, yet it is by no means

Samoa: Education: …at overseas institutions such as Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, the University of Hawaii, and Brigham Young University–Hawaii.

Antarctica: Glaciation: as the Wright, Taylor, and Victoria valleys near McMurdo Sound. Doubt has been shed on the common belief that Antarctic ice has continuously persisted since its origin by the discovery reported in 1983 of Cenozoic marine diatoms—believed to date from the Pliocene Epoch (about 5.3 million to 2.6 million years…

Victoria: The contemporary city: …is the historic neighbourhood of Victoria West (known as Vic West). This working-class residential neighbourhood became part of the municipality of Victoria in 1890 and was connected to downtown by the Johnson Street Bridge in 1924. Other bridges run north of Vic West to neighbouring Burnside, a large region that…

Tyra Banks: Early life and modeling career: …model Valeria Mazza), and the Victoria’s Secret catalog. In 1997 she became one of the original Victoria’s Secret Angels—the brand’s most visible spokesmodels. She subsequently launched her own film and television production company, Bankable Productions. She also cofounded with her mother the Tyra Banks TZONE Foundation, dedicated to the advancement…

Baldomero Espartero, prince de Vergara was a Spanish general and statesman, victor in the First Carlist War, and regent. The son of working-class parents, Espartero entered the army at age 15 and fought with Spanish forces in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars and in the rebellious

Crown Princess Victoria is the heir apparent to the Swedish throne, the eldest child of King Carl XVI Gustav and Queen Silvia. If crowned, Victoria would become the first reigning queen in the house of Bernadotte, the royal family of Sweden since 1818. Although Victoria was firstborn, her younger

Australian flag consisting of a blue field (background) bearing the Union Jack in the canton and a crown and Southern Cross constellation at the fly end. The flag may be described as a defaced Blue Ensign.Perhaps as early as 1823 the Southern Cross constellation was incorporated in a flag

Guadalupe Victoria was a Mexican soldier and political leader who was the first president of the Mexican Republic. Victoria left law school to join the movement for independence from Spain, fighting under José María Morelos in 1812. He changed his name to show his devotion to the cause of Mexican

La Victoria, distrito (district) of the Lima-Callao metropolitan area of Peru, south of downtown Lima. It is mainly residential, with slums in the north, pueblos jóvenes (“young towns”), or squatter settlements, in the east, and middle-income housing in the south. The district is the site of Peru’s

Lake Victoria, largest lake in Africa and chief reservoir of the Nile, lying mainly in Tanzania and Uganda but bordering on Kenya. Its area is 26,828 square miles (69,484 square km). Among the freshwater lakes of the world, it is exceeded in size only by Lake Superior in North America. It is an

Chin Hills: …reach a high point in Mount Victoria (10,150 feet [3,100 metres]). At the Myanmar-India frontier, the Chin Hills adjoin the Mizo Hills and the Manipur Hills of the Purvachal, or Eastern Highlands, of India. Demarcated by the Myittha River on the east and the headstreams of the Kaladan River on…

Wellington: Mount Victoria rises 643 feet (196 metres) near the centre of the city. Wellington is in a fault zone and has survived several earthquakes.

Viti Levu: Tomanivi (formerly Mount Victoria), the highest point in Fiji, rises to 4,344 feet (1,324 meters). The mountain range divides the island climatically into a wet southeastern section (120 inches [3,050 mm] of rain annually) and a dry northwestern section (70–90 inches (1,800–2,300 mm).

National Gallery of Victoria, major Australian art museum, located in Melbourne, Victoria, with collections ranging over European, Asian, and Australian art of all periods. The museum was once housed entirely in the Victorian Arts Centre, with a Great Hall featuring a dramatic stained-glass ceiling

museum: Other national and regional museums: …Victoria in 1861 and the Science Museum of Victoria in 1870. In Cairo the Egyptian Museum was established in 1858. These all followed the European model, and even in South America art collections tended to be predominately of European origin, to the neglect of indigenous works of art.

Tomás Luis de Victoria was a Spanish composer who ranks with Palestrina and Orlando di Lasso among the greatest composers of the 16th century. Victoria was sent by King Philip II of Spain in 1565 to prepare for holy orders at the German College in Rome. There he probably studied with Giovanni da

University of Victoria, public university in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, established in 1963. It traces its origins to Victoria College (1903) and received degree-granting status with its founding as the University of Victoria. It has faculties of business, education, engineering, fine

victoria: …two extra passengers, and the Victoria-Hansom was an improved hansom cab with a collapsible hood.

Vitoria-Gasteiz, capital of Álava provincia (province), in Basque Country comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), northeastern Spain. It is located north of the Vitoria Hills on the Zadorra River, southwest of San Sebastián. Founded as Victoriacum by the Visigothic king Leovigild to celebrate

Victorian era, in British history, the period between approximately 1820 and 1914, corresponding roughly but not exactly to the period of Queen Victoria’s reign (1837–1901) and characterized by a class-based society, a growing number of people able to vote, a growing state and economy, and

Victorian architecture, building style of the Gothic Revival that marks the movement from a sentimental phase to one of greater exactitude. Its principles, especially honesty of expression, were first laid down in The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture (1841) by Augustus Pugin

Victoria: Education: …1990s the introduction of the Victorian Certificate was a major development; its aim has been to encourage students to complete a full 13-year course and to provide a foundation for their further study, working lives, and participation in society.

Victorian era, in British history, the period between approximately 1820 and 1914, corresponding roughly but not exactly to the period of Queen Victoria’s reign (1837–1901) and characterized by a class-based society, a growing number of people able to vote, a growing state and economy, and

history of Europe: Victorian morality: To be sure, not everybody in Europe believed or worried about these affirmations. And although ideas long debated do in the end filter down to the least intellectual layers of the population, the time and place of triumph for a philosophy are limited…

Australian rules football: Origins: …clubs met to form the Victorian Football Association (VFA) for the “promotion and extension of football throughout the colony” and the organization of intercolonial matches. During the 1870s over 125 clubs appeared in Melbourne, and another 60 senior clubs were established elsewhere in Victoria. A regular schedule of matches was…

Australian rules football: Rise of the Victorian Football League: The depression of 1893–95 caused attendance at games to decline, and the VFA proposed a revenue-sharing scheme to assist struggling clubs. Leading clubs, which wanted more control over the game, opposed the scheme. In 1896 those eight leading clubs—Melbourne, Essendon, Geelong, Collingwood,…

English literature: The post-Romantic and Victorian eras: Self-consciousness was the quality that John Stuart Mill identified, in 1838, as “the daemon of the men of genius of our time.” Introspection was inevitable in the literature of an immediately Post-Romantic period, and the age itself was as prone to self-analysis as…

history of Europe: Victorian morality: To be sure, not everybody in Europe believed or worried about these affirmations. And although ideas long debated do in the end filter down to the least intellectual layers of the population, the time and place of triumph for a philosophy are limited…

Dionysian period, in the Julian calendar, a period of 532 years covering a complete cycle of New Moons (19 years between occurrences on the same date) and of dominical letters—i.e., correspondences between days of the week and of the month, which recur every 28 years in the same order. The product

Australian rules football, a football sport distinctive to Australia that predates other modern football games as the first to create an official code of play. Invented in Melbourne, capital of the state of Victoria, in the late 1850s, the game was initially known as Melbourne, or Victorian, rules

Stuart Cloete: His autobiography, A Victorian Son, appeared in 1972.

theatre: British theatre and stage design: In 19th-century Britain the audiences shaped both the theatres and the dramas played within them. The upper class favoured opera, while the working class, whose population in London alone tripled between 1810 and 1850, wanted broadly acted theatre with scenic wonders and machinery. And as the…

history of Europe: Victorian morality: To be sure, not everybody in Europe believed or worried about these affirmations. And although ideas long debated do in the end filter down to the least intellectual layers of the population, the time and place of triumph for a philosophy are limited…

coin: The beginnings: …the reverse, and hence called victoriates. By about 190 a mainly silver coinage, Latin-inscribed, was in production at Rome and other authorized mints, accompanied by bronze coinage so greatly reduced in standard (and thus size) that it could at last be struck instead of being cast.

patristic literature: Late 2nd to early 4th century: Victorinus of Pettau was the first known Latin biblical exegete; of his numerous commentaries the only one that remains is the commentary on Revelation, which maintained a millenarian outlook—predicting the 1,000-year reign of Christ at the end of history—and was clumsy in style. Arnobius the…

Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus: Later he took Victorinus (who succeeded him) as his colleague, perhaps as joint emperor. Postumus was killed in a mutiny of the legion of Mogontiacum (now Mainz, Ger.).

Platonism: Patristic Platonism: …the rhetorician and grammarian Marius Victorinus. A strong and simple Platonic theism and morality, which had a great influence in the Middle Ages, was nobly expressed in the final work of the last great philosopher-statesman of the ancient world, Boethius (c. 470–524). This was the De consolatione philosophiae (Consolation of…

Nana: …Chiricahua leaders as Geronimo and Victorio. By the 1870s he had joined Victorio on the Apache reservation at Warm Springs, New Mexico, but in about 1877 they and their followers were moved by the U.S. government to an inhospitable reservation at San Carlos, Ariz. Victorio and many members of his…

Ariana Grande: Early acting roles: …on the Nickelodeon TV series Victorious. She played Cat Valentine, a teenager attending a performing arts school. After the sitcom was canceled in 2013, she starred in the spin-off show Sam & Cat (2013–14).

Dionysian period: …called Victorian for the astronomer Victorius of Aquitaine, its first calculator (c. ad 465); Dionysian for Dionysius Exiguus, who revised Victorius’ figures in the 6th century; and Great Paschal because of its use in determining the date of Easter.

classical scholarship: Beginnings of modern scholarship: Petrus Victorius (1499–1585) was the leading Italian scholar of his time, editing Aeschylus and Euripides and writing commentaries on Aristotle’s Rhetoric, Poetics, Politics, and Nicomachean Ethics, as well as editing other Greek texts and doing important work on Cicero; he concentrated on producing careful editions…

Victorville, city, San Bernardino county, southwestern California, U.S. Located nearly 100 miles (160 km) northeast of Los Angeles, it lies along the Mojave River in the Victor Valley at the edge of the Mojave Desert, just north of the San Bernardino Mountains. The settlement was founded in 1885 by

John Huston: Last films: …the World War II drama Victory (1981), which featured Caine, Sylvester Stallone, and football (soccer) great Pelé as Allied prisoners of war who engineer an escape from the Parisian stadium in which their team of prisoners is playing a German all-star team. Huston’s uneven big-budget adaptation of the Broadway hit…

Joseph Conrad: Writing career: notable works, themes, and style of Joseph Conrad: … in 1912, and his novel Victory, published in 1915, was no less successful. Though hampered by rheumatism, Conrad continued to write for the remaining years of his life. In April 1924 he refused an offer of knighthood from Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, and he died shortly thereafter.

Michelangelo: Other projects and writing: …powerful political figure, and the Victory, a figure trampling on a defeated enemy, an old man. It was probably meant for the never-forgotten tomb of Pope Julius, because the motif had been present in the plans for that tomb. Victor and loser both have intensely complicated poses; the loser seems…

Victory, flagship of the victorious British fleet commanded by Admiral Horatio Nelson in the Battle of Trafalgar on Oct. 21, 1805. The ship is preserved today as a historic relic at Portsmouth, Eng. HMS Victory, launched at Chatham in 1765, was a 100-gun ship of the line with a length of 186 feet

Baghdad: Architecture and monuments: The Victory Arches (1988), which consist of two enormous sets of crossed swords nearly 150 feet (50 metres) high and mounted on bases in the form of a man’s forearm, were erected to celebrate Iraq’s self-proclaimed victory in the Iran-Iraq War and were purportedly cast from…

Real Quiet: …duel down the stretch with Victory Gallop. This time Real Quiet won by two and a quarter lengths.

Akbar period architecture: …a massive gateway called the Buland Darwaza (Victory Gate), gives a feeling of immense strength and height, an impression emphasized by the steepness of the flight of steps by which it is approached.

Third Reich: The end of the Third Reich: …to take effect at midnight May 8–9. With the unconditional surrender, Hitler’s “Thousand-Year Reich” ceased to exist, and the responsibility for the government of the German people was assumed by the four occupying powers—the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and France.

Mikhail Vasilyevich Matyushin: By December 1913 the opera Victory over the Sun had been mounted, with music by Matyushin, prologue by Khlebnikov, libretto by Kruchonykh, and costumes and sets by Malevich. The opera was noteworthy for its use of unprecedented sound effects, including the thunder of cannon fire and engine noise.

Victory Peak, mountain in the eastern Kakshaal (Kokshaal-Tau) Range of the Tien Shan, on the frontier of Kyrgyzstan and China. It was first identified in 1943 as the tallest peak (24,406 feet [7,439 metres]) in the Tien Shan range and the second highest peak in what was then the Soviet Union; it is

Albert Coady Wedemeyer: …principal author of the 1941 Victory Program, a comprehensive war plan devised for the U.S. entry into World War II.

Mesopotamian art and architecture: Sculpture: …the famous Naram-Sin (Sargon’s grandson) stela, on which a pattern of figures is ingeniously designed to express the abstract idea of conquest. Other stelae and the rock reliefs (which by their geographic situation bear witness to the extent of Akkadian conquest) show the carving of the period to be in…

Battle of Leyte Gulf: Sho-Go and the Battle of Leyte Gulf: …to the American landings with Sho-Go (Victory Operation), a plan to decoy the U.S. Third Fleet north, away from the San Bernardino Strait, while converging three forces on Leyte Gulf to attack the landing; the First Attack Force, under Vice Adm. Kurita Takeo, was to move from the north across…

music recording: The early years: …influenced Victor’s other products: “Victrola” became, in the popular mind, almost a generic term for the (disc) phonograph, and the company practically monopolized the quality-minded market for many years. Indeed, the total Western Hemisphere record market became virtually monopolized by Victor and Columbia, while their London affiliates controlled the…

Vichuga, centre of a raion (sector), Ivanovo oblast (region), western Russia. It lies about 18 miles (30 km) south of the Volga River and 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Ivanovo city. Vichuga developed from a number of industrial villages and was incorporated in 1920. It is now an important centre of

alpaca, (Vicugna pacos), domesticated South American member of the camel family, Camelidae (order Artiodactyla), that derives from the vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) and is closely related to the other lamoids (llama [Lama glama] and guanaco [L. guanicoe]) as well. Alpacas inhabit marshy mountainous

vicuña, (Vicugna vicugna), smallest member of the camel family, Camelidae (order Artiodactyla). The vicuña is closely related to the guanaco (Lama guanicoe), llama (L. glama), and alpaca (Vicugna pacos)—all of which are known collectively as lamoids—and it is the alpaca’s wild ancestor. Most

vicuña: The subspecies V. vicugna mensalis inhabits the wetter habitats in the northern part of the vicuña’s range, whereas the subspecies V. vicugna vicugna lives in drier regions located in the southern part.

vicuña: …vicuña’s range, whereas the subspecies V. vicugna vicugna lives in drier regions located in the southern part.

vicuña, (Vicugna vicugna), smallest member of the camel family, Camelidae (order Artiodactyla). The vicuña is closely related to the guanaco (Lama guanicoe), llama (L. glama), and alpaca (Vicugna pacos)—all of which are known collectively as lamoids—and it is the alpaca’s wild ancestor. Most

specialty hair fibre: alpaca, and vicuña (q.q.v.) fibres, all from members of the genus Lama.

Native American art: Peru and highland Bolivia: Named Vicús after the valley in which it was uncovered and dating between 250 bce and 500 ce, this civilization produced pottery that resembles the ware of nearby Ecuador and goldwork not unlike other early forms. The discovery of this civilization, unknown until the late 1960s,…

history of the Low Countries: Economy: Smaller trade settlements (portus, or vicus) emerged at Tournai, Ghent, Brugge, Antwerp, Dinant, Namur, Huy, Liège, and Maastricht—a clear indication of the commercial importance of the Schelde and the Meuse.

Vic, city, Barcelona provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Catalonia, northeastern Spain. The city is situated on the Vic Plain and lies along the Meder River, which is an affluent of the Ter River. Because it was first inhabited by the Ausetanos, an ancient

Vichy, town, Allier département, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes région, central France. It lies on the east bank of the Allier River. Vichy is renowned as one of the largest spas in France. The town, largely modern and with a profusion of hotels, is separated from the river by parks surrounding the two

Spanish literature: Women poets: …prewar poetry—such as that in Vida a vida (1932; “Life to Life”)—exudes optimism and vitality, recalling the neopopular airs of Lorca and Alberti. Her exile poetry expresses pessimism, loss, violence, horror, anguish, uncertainty, and pain (e.g., Lluvias enlazadas [1939; “Interlaced Rains”]). Her last book was Vida; o, río (1979; “Life;…

Juan Carlos Onetti: …novel, La vida breve (1950; A Brief Life), he creates the mythical city of Santa María, which is also the setting of several subsequent novels. The book’s unhappy narrator fantasizes about living as another person but always encounters the same emptiness and helplessness that drove him to escape into fantasy…

Manuel de Falla: …other for a national opera, La vida breve (first performed in Nice, France, 1913).

Juan Antonio de Zunzunegui: La vida como es (1954; “Life As It Is”), considered his best work, depicts Madrid’s underworld and captures its argot and local colour.

Gonzalo de Berceo: In Vida de San Millán (c. 1234; “Life of Saint Millán”), Berceo promoted a local saint in order to encourage contributions to the monastery. Among his other works were Vida de Santa Oria (c. 1265; “Life of Saint Oria”), Milagros de Nuestra Señora (c. 1245–60; “Miracles…

Francisco Gómez de Quevedo y Villegas: …remembered for his picaresque novel La vida del buscón (1626; “The Life of a Scoundrel”), which describes the adventures of “Paul the Sharper” in a grotesquely distorted world of thieves, connivers, and impostors. Quevedo’s Sueños (1627; Dreams), fantasies of hell and death, written at intervals from 1606 to 1622, shows…

Luís de Sousa: In addition, he completed the Vida do Arcebispo D. Frei Bartolomeu dos Mártires (1619; “Life of Archbishop D[ominican] Friar Bartholomeu dos Mártires”), a biography of a 16th-century Portuguese Dominican friar who became archbishop of the see of Braga, Port. The biography is considered a literary masterpiece, as well as a…

comedy: Divine comedies in the West and East: …Pedro Calderón de la Barca’s Life Is a Dream (1635) is an example; on the operatic stage, so is Mozart’s Magic Flute (1791), in spirit and form so like Shakespeare’s Tempest, to which it has often been compared. In later drama, Henrik Ibsen’s Little Eyolf (1894) and August Strindberg’s To…

José Luandino Vieira: …verdadeira de Domingos Xavier (1974; The Real Life of Domingos Xavier) portrays the cruelty of white “justice” and the courage of African men and women in preindependent Angola. His other works—among them Velhas estórias (1974; “Old Stories”), Nós os do Makulusu (1974; “Our Gang from Makulusu”), Vidas novas (1975; “New…

Diego de Torres Villarroel: …is now remembered for his Vida, picaresque memoirs that are among the best sources for information on life in 18th-century Spain.

Paul Vidal de La Blache was a French geographer who had a profound influence on the development of modern geography. Vidal studied history and geography at the École Normale Supérieure, in Paris, and taught there from 1877 until he became professor of geography at the Sorbonne (1898–1918). Vidal’s

Horace Binney: His second landmark case was Vidal et al v. Philadelphia et al (1844). In this case he successfully opposed Daniel Webster before the U.S. Supreme Court in arguing the city of Philadelphia’s right to carry out a charitable trust created by Stephen Girard for the founding of a school for…

Gore Vidal was a prolific American novelist and essayist who was as well known for his outspoken political opinions and his witty and satirical observations as he was for his irreverent and intellectually adroit fiction. He was also an actor and wrote for television, film, and the stage. Vidal

Gore Vidal was a prolific American novelist and essayist who was as well known for his outspoken political opinions and his witty and satirical observations as he was for his irreverent and intellectually adroit fiction. He was also an actor and wrote for television, film, and the stage. Vidal

Gore Vidal was a prolific American novelist and essayist who was as well known for his outspoken political opinions and his witty and satirical observations as he was for his irreverent and intellectually adroit fiction. He was also an actor and wrote for television, film, and the stage. Vidal

Arngrímur Jónsson was a scholar and historian who brought the treasures of Icelandic literature to the attention of Danish and Swedish scholars. Jónsson studied at the University of Copenhagen and returned to Iceland to head the Latin school at Hólar, which had been established to educate the new

Jón Thorkelsson Vídalín was a Lutheran bishop, best known for his Húss-Postilla (1718–20; “Sermons for the Home”), one of the finest works of Icelandic prose of the 18th century. The son of a learned physician and a grandson of the scholar Arngrímur Jónsson the Learned, Vídalín was educated at

Fenrir: Odin’s son Vidar will avenge his father, stabbing the wolf to the heart according to one account and tearing his jaws asunder according to another. Fenrir figures prominently in Norwegian and Icelandic poetry of the 10th and 11th centuries, and the poets speak apprehensively of the day…

Manuel José Quintana: …remembered for his Plutarchian portraits, Vidas de españoles célebres, 2 vol. (1807, 1830; “Lives of Famous Spaniards”), for his highly regarded literary criticism collected in the anthologies Colección de poesías castellanas (“Collected Castilian Poems”) and Musa épica (“Epic Muse”), and also for his few tragedies.

Graciliano Ramos: …read novel, Vidas sêcas (Barren Lives), a story of a peasant family’s flight from drought. His Memórias do cárcere (1953; “Prison Memoirs”) was published posthumously.

Hardanger Plateau, plateau in southwestern Norway. The largest peneplain (an eroded, almost level plain) in Europe, it has an area of about 2,500 square miles (6,500 square km) and an average elevation of 3,500 feet (1,100 metres). It traditionally has been home to an important stock of wild

Bihar: History of Bihar: North of the Ganges was Videha, one of the kings of which was the father of Princess Sita, the wife of Lord Rama and the heroine of the Ramayana, one of the two great Hindu epic poems of India. During the same period, the capital of the ancient kingdom of…

Jorge Rafael Videla was a career military officer who was president of Argentina from 1976 to 1981. His government was responsible for human rights abuses during Argentina’s “Dirty War,” which began as an attempt to suppress terrorism but resulted in the deaths of thousands of civilians. The son of

Jorge Rafael Videla was a career military officer who was president of Argentina from 1976 to 1981. His government was responsible for human rights abuses during Argentina’s “Dirty War,” which began as an attempt to suppress terrorism but resulted in the deaths of thousands of civilians. The son of

Vienna, city and Bundesland (federal state), the capital of Austria. Of the country’s nine states, Vienna is the smallest in area but the largest in population. Modern Vienna has undergone several historical incarnations. From 1558 to 1918 it was an imperial city—until 1806 the seat of the Holy

video card, integrated circuit that generates a video signal to be sent to a computer display. The card is usually located on the computer motherboard or operates as a separate circuit board, but it is sometimes built into the computer display unit. The card contains a graphics processing unit