Vlorë, town that is the second seaport of Albania. It lies at the head of Vlorës Bay on the Adriatic Sea, which is protected by the mountainous Karaburun (peninsula) and the island of Sazan (Italian Saseno, ancient Saso). Of ancient origin, it was founded as Aulon, one of three Greek colonies on

Vlorë, town that is the second seaport of Albania. It lies at the head of Vlorës Bay on the Adriatic Sea, which is protected by the mountainous Karaburun (peninsula) and the island of Sazan (Italian Saseno, ancient Saso). Of ancient origin, it was founded as Aulon, one of three Greek colonies on

Vlorë, town that is the second seaport of Albania. It lies at the head of Vlorës Bay on the Adriatic Sea, which is protected by the mountainous Karaburun (peninsula) and the island of Sazan (Italian Saseno, ancient Saso). Of ancient origin, it was founded as Aulon, one of three Greek colonies on

Vlorë proclamation, (Nov. 28, 1912), declaration of Albanian independence from Ottoman rule. After the Turkish government adopted a policy of administrative centralization for the Ottoman Empire (1908), Albanian nationalist leaders led a series of revolts (1909–12) demanding the unification of the

computer science: Algorithms and complexity: Similarly, in very-large-scale integration (VLSI) chip design it is important to know whether the graph representing a circuit is planar, that is, whether it can be drawn in two dimensions without any links crossing (wires touching).

Very Large Telescope (VLT), observatory located on the mountain Cerro Paranal (2,635 metres [8,645 feet]) in Chile and consisting of four telescopes with mirrors 8.2 metres (27 feet) in diameter and four others with mirrors 1.8 metres (5.9 feet) in diameter. These telescopes can operate

The Moldau , symphonic poem by Bohemian composer Bedřich Smetana that evokes the flow of the Vltava River—or, in German, the Moldau—from its source in the mountains of the Bohemian Forest, through the Czech countryside, to the city of Prague. A devoutly patriotic work, The Moldau captures in music

Vltava River, river, the longest in the Czech Republic, flowing 270 miles (435 km). Its drainage basin is 10,847 square miles (28,093 square km). The river rises in southwestern Bohemia from two headstreams in the Bohemian Forest, the Teplá Vltava and the Studená Vltava. It flows first southeast,

airport: Navigational aids, lighting, and marking: …designed for operations conducted under visual meteorological conditions (VMC). These facilities operate only in daylight, and the only guidance they are required to offer is a painted runway centreline and large painted numbers indicating the magnetic bearing of the runway. Larger commercial airports, on the other hand, must also operate…

motivation: Sexual motivation: Damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) also arrests estrus in females and sexual behaviour in males, but hormone replacement therapy successfully restores these functions, suggesting that VMH is involved with the expression of sexual behaviour when hormonal conditions are appropriate.

Virginia Military Institute (VMI), public institution of higher learning in Lexington, Virginia, U.S. It is a state military college modeled on the U.S. service academies. Students are referred to as cadets; all cadets enroll in U.S. Army, Air Force, Navy, or Marine Corps Reserve Officers’ Training

Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), secret revolutionary society that was active in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its many incarnations struggled with two contradictory goals: establishing Macedonia as an autonomous state on the one hand and promoting Bulgarian

mineral deposit: Volcanogenic massive sulfides: Wherever volcanism occurs beneath the sea, the potential exists for seawater to penetrate the volcanic rocks, become heated by a magma chamber, and react with the enclosing rocks—in the process concentrating geochemically scarce metals and so forming a hydrothermal solution. When such…

Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang (VNQDD), the first large-scale revolutionary nationalist organization in Vietnam. Founded officially in 1927, the VNQDD was modeled after the revolutionary Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) of China. Its aim, like that of the Nationalist Party, was the establishment of a

Voter News Service (VNS), former American data collection and analysis service intended to aid in the reporting of exit-poll numbers during national elections. The consortium was created in 1990 by media companies ABC, CBS, CNN, Fox News, NBC, and the Associated Press under the direction of

DNA fingerprinting: …highly variable DNA (known as minisatellites), which do not contribute to the functions of genes, are repeated within genes. Jeffreys recognized that each individual has a unique pattern of minisatellites (the only exceptions being multiple individuals from a single zygote, such as identical twins).

Vo Chi Cong was a strongly anti-French Communist revolutionary who was among the earliest fighters for Vietnam’s independence. He held key positions in South Vietnam’s National Liberation Front (NLF) and the Provisional Revolutionary Government—both political arms of the Viet Cong guerrillas—during

Buddhism: Vietnam: …introduced by the Chinese monk Vo Ngon Thong. A third major Zen school was established in the 11th century by the Chinese monk Thao Durong. From 1414 to 1428 Buddhism in Vietnam was persecuted by the Chinese, who had again conquered the country. Tantrism, Daoism, and Confucianism also filtered into…

Vo Nguyen Giap was a Vietnamese military and political leader whose perfection of guerrilla as well as conventional strategy and tactics led to the Viet Minh victory over the French (and to the end of French colonialism in Southeast Asia) and later to the North Vietnamese victory over South Vietnam

Pierre Poivre: …permission from the Vietnamese king Vo Vuong to set up temporary trading posts and a permanent one at Tourane but then alienated the king by kidnapping a young Vietnamese to serve as his interpreter. As a result, all European missionaries were expelled from the country and were not reinstated until…

Voice of America (VOA), radio broadcasting network of the U.S. government, a unit of the United States Information Agency (USIA). Its first broadcast, in German, took place on February 24, 1942, and was intended to counter Nazi propaganda among the German people. By the time World War II ended, the

Fabales: Ecological and economic importance: …family is Vigna subterranea (Bambara groundnut), a leguminous plant that develops underground fruits in the arid lands of Africa. Important too are the seeds of Bauhinia esculenta; they are gathered for the high-protein tubers and seeds. Vigna aconitifolia (moth bean) and V. umbellata (rice bean) are much used in…

Belarus: Local government: The largest consists of six voblastsi (provinces) and one municipality (horad), Minsk. The provinces in turn are divided into rayony (sectors) and cities, with some larger cities further divided into rayony. Towns, villages, and settlements constitute the final tier.

Dutch East India Company, trading company founded in the Dutch Republic (present-day Netherlands) in 1602 to protect that state’s trade in the Indian Ocean and to assist in the Dutch war of independence from Spain. The company prospered through most of the 17th century as the instrument of the

air pollution: Air toxics: Many are volatile organic compounds (VOCs), organic compounds that readily evaporate. VOCs include pure hydrocarbons, partially oxidized hydrocarbons, and organic compounds containing chlorine, sulfur, or nitrogen. They are widely used as fuels (e.g., propane and gasoline), as paint thinners and solvents, and in

Native American music: Music and language: Many Native American songs employ vocables, syllables that do not have referential meaning. These may be used to frame words or may be inserted among them; in some cases, they constitute the entire song text. Vocables are a fixed part of a song and help define patterns of repetition and…

Italian literature: Opposing movements: …new enlarged edition of the Vocabolario della Crusca (the first Italian dictionary, published by the Accademia della Crusca in 1612). He wrote Sopra lo stato presente della lingua italiana (1810; “On the Present State of the Italian Language”) and endeavoured to establish the supremacy of Tuscan and of Dante, Petrarch,…

Italian literature: Opposing movements: …new enlarged edition of the Vocabolario della Crusca (the first Italian dictionary, published by the Accademia della Crusca in 1612). He wrote Sopra lo stato presente della lingua italiana (1810; “On the Present State of the Italian Language”) and endeavoured to establish the supremacy of Tuscan and of Dante, Petrarch,…

vocabulary, inventory of words used by a particular person or group or the words in a particular language or field of knowledge. The term comes from the Latin vocabulum, meaning designation or name. There are two types of vocabulary: active and passive. Active vocabulary includes the words an

vocal cord, either of two folds of mucous membrane that extend across the interior cavity of the larynx and are primarily responsible for voice production. Sound is produced by the vibration of the folds in response to the passage between them of air exhaled from the lungs. The frequency of these

vocal cord, either of two folds of mucous membrane that extend across the interior cavity of the larynx and are primarily responsible for voice production. Sound is produced by the vibration of the folds in response to the passage between them of air exhaled from the lungs. The frequency of these

vocal fry, in phonetics, a speech sound or quality used in some languages, produced by vibrating vocal cords that are less tense than in normal speech, which produces local turbulence in the airstream resulting in a compromise between full voice and whisper. English speakers produce a vocal fry

vocal music, any of the genres for solo voice and voices in combination, with or without instrumental accompaniment. It includes monophonic music (having a single line of melody) and polyphonic music (consisting of more than one simultaneous melody). This article deals with Western art music

Austroasiatic languages: Registers: Much more characteristic of the Austroasiatic stock is a contrast between two or more series of vowels pronounced with different voice qualities called registers. The vowels may have, for example, a “breathy” register, a “creaky” register, or a clear one. This feature, which is…

vocal sac, the sound-resonating throat pouch of male frogs and toads (amphibians of the order Anura). Vocal sacs are outpocketings of the floor of the mouth, or buccal cavity. Frogs display three basic types of vocal sacs: a single median throat sac, paired throat sacs, and paired lateral sacs.

vocalization, any sound produced through the action of an animal’s respiratory system and used in communication. Vocal sound, which is virtually limited to frogs, crocodilians and geckos, birds, and mammals, is sometimes the dominant form of communication. In many birds and nonhuman primates the

musical performance: The 17th and 18th centuries: …the rise of the professional vocal virtuoso about the last quarter of the 16th century, and this development soon had a profound influence on musical style. Italian composer-singers, such as Giulio Caccini and Jacopo Peri, reacted quickly to their audiences’ desire for more expressive and passionate vocalism, and the music…

vocal-instrumental concerto, musical composition of the early Baroque era (late 16th and early 17th centuries) in which choirs, solo voices, and instruments are contrasted with one another. Although sometimes employing secular texts, the genre is particularly associated with sacred music and is

vocal music: The 17th–20th centuries: …no articulated text are called vocalises (vocalizzi in Italian). Although such works were traditionally used as exercises, many 20th-century composers wrote concert vocalises as well, among them Ravel, Sergey Rachmaninoff, and Igor Stravinsky. Vocalises are particularly suitable for chamber compositions, since the voice without text is easily adapted to the…

vocalization, any sound produced through the action of an animal’s respiratory system and used in communication. Vocal sound, which is virtually limited to frogs, crocodilians and geckos, birds, and mammals, is sometimes the dominant form of communication. In many birds and nonhuman primates the

subpoena: …similar to the citation or vocatio in jus of civil law or canon law. A subpoena duces tecum commands the recipient to produce certain evidence, usually documents or papers, that is demanded.

Christianity: Freedom and responsibility: …expressed the theme of Christian vocation developed by Luther and Calvin, which they applied to all Christians and to everyday responsibility for the neighbour and for the world. The reformers emphasized that Christian service is not limited to a narrow religious sphere of life but extends to the everyday relationships…

Johann Gottlieb Fichte: Years in Berlin: …Die Bestimmung des Menschen (1800; The Vocation of Man), in which he defines God as the infinite moral will of the universe who becomes conscious of himself in individuals; Der geschlossene Handelsstaat (also 1800), an intensely socialistic treatise in favour of tariff protection; two new versions of the Wissenschaftslehre (composed…

vocational education, instruction intended to equip persons for industrial or commercial occupations. It may be obtained either formally in trade schools, technical secondary schools, or in on-the-job training programs or, more informally, by picking up the necessary skills on the job. (Read Arne

agricultural sciences: U.S. agricultural education and research: Since passage of the Vocational Education Act of 1963, further expansion of agricultural education has occurred in vocational schools and in courses offered at junior and senior colleges. In the early 21st century the USDA had a number of grants to promote agricultural education at all grade levels, and…

vocational education, instruction intended to equip persons for industrial or commercial occupations. It may be obtained either formally in trade schools, technical secondary schools, or in on-the-job training programs or, more informally, by picking up the necessary skills on the job. (Read Arne

technical education, the academic and vocational preparation of students for jobs involving applied science and modern technology. It emphasizes the understanding and practical application of basic principles of science and mathematics, rather than the attainment of proficiency in manual skills

Italian literature: Literary trends before World War I: >La Voce (1908), and Lacerba (1913), founded and edited by relatively small literary coteries. The two main literary trends were Crepuscolarismo (the Twilight School), which, in reaction to the high-flown rhetoric of D’Annunzio, favoured a colloquial style to express dissatisfaction with the present and memories…

Vöcklabruck, town, north-central Austria, on the Vöckla River southwest of Wels. The fine town square has two old gate towers and a Baroque facade, and there are two 15th-century churches and the Church of St. Ägidius (1688). Vöcklabruck is a busy industrial town with a large cement plant and

ancient Rome: Culture and religion: …may also have prompted the lex Voconia (169), which prohibited Romans of the wealthiest class from naming women as heirs in their wills.

Vocontii, a Celtic tribe of the Gallic province of Narbonensis; its members probably lived in the western foothills of the Alps. Subjugated by the Romans (125–124 bc), they were a civitas foederata (“allied state”) with two capitals—Vasio (Vaison-la-Romaine) and Lucus Augusti (Luc-en-Diois).

video-on-demand (VOD), technology for delivering video content, such as movies and television shows, directly to individual customers for immediate viewing. In a cable television VOD system, video content is stored on a centralized server in the form of compressed digital files. A customer

steel: Vacuum treatment: …the vacuum oxygen decarburizer (VOD), which has an oxygen lance in the centre of the tank lid to enhance carbon removal under vacuum. The VOD is often used to lower the carbon content of high-alloy steels without also overoxidizing such oxidizable alloying elements as chromium. This is possible because,…

Vodafone, telecommunications company based in the United Kingdom with interests in Europe and the United States. It originated as part of Racal, a British radar and electronics firm founded in 1950. Racal founded its Vodafone subsidiary in 1983 and won the license to build Britain’s first cellular

Crossword Book Awards, any of a series of Indian literary awards established in 1998 by Indian book retailer Crossword, its stated aim being to create a prize equivalent to Western literary accolades such as the Booker Prize and the Pulitzer Prize. The Crossword was initially conceived as a single

vodka, distilled liquor, clear and colourless and without definite aroma or taste, ranging in alcoholic content from about 40 to 55 percent. Because it is highly neutral, flavouring substances having been mainly eliminated during processing, it can be made from a mash of the cheapest and most

vodka: …a tall drink; and the vodka martini, with vodka substituted for gin.

vodyanoy, in Slavic mythology, the water spirit. The vodyanoy is essentially an evil and vindictive spirit, a bogeyman of sorts whose favourite sport is drowning humans. Anyone bathing after sunset, on a holy day, or without having first made the sign of the cross risks being sucked into the water

Vodou, a traditional Afro-Haitian religion. Vodou represents a syncretism of the West African Vodun religion and Roman Catholicism by the descendants of the Dahomean, Kongo, Yoruba, and other ethnic groups who had been enslaved and transported to colonial Saint-Domingue (as Haiti was known then)

Vodou, a traditional Afro-Haitian religion. Vodou represents a syncretism of the West African Vodun religion and Roman Catholicism by the descendants of the Dahomean, Kongo, Yoruba, and other ethnic groups who had been enslaved and transported to colonial Saint-Domingue (as Haiti was known then)

Vodou, a traditional Afro-Haitian religion. Vodou represents a syncretism of the West African Vodun religion and Roman Catholicism by the descendants of the Dahomean, Kongo, Yoruba, and other ethnic groups who had been enslaved and transported to colonial Saint-Domingue (as Haiti was known then)

African religions: Ritual and religious specialists: …among the devotees of the vodun (“divinities”) in Benin any initiate may become a receptacle of the gods. (Worship of the vodun is the original source of the Haitian religion of Vodou, which emerged as a syncretism of African, Roman Catholic, and Caribbean religious traditions by African slaves in Haiti.)…

Norodom was the king of Cambodia (1860–1904) who, under duress, placed his country under the control of the French in 1863. Norodom was the eldest son of King Duong. He was educated in Bangkok, capital of the Thai kingdom, where he studied Pāli and Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures and the sacred canons

vodyanoy, in Slavic mythology, the water spirit. The vodyanoy is essentially an evil and vindictive spirit, a bogeyman of sorts whose favourite sport is drowning humans. Anyone bathing after sunset, on a holy day, or without having first made the sign of the cross risks being sucked into the water

Eric Voegelin was a German-American political scientist and interdisciplinary scholar known for his studies of modern political thought and for his efforts to create a comprehensive philosophy of man, society, and history. Voegelin earned a Ph.D. from the University of Vienna in 1922, where he

Gisbertus Voetius was a Dutch Reformed theologian, scholar in Semitic languages, and educator who upheld uncompromising Calvinist views on predestination and condemned as atheistic the rationalist thought of the 17th-century French philosopher René Descartes. Voetius studied in Leiden and in 1611

Vladimir Voevodsky was a Russian mathematician who won the Fields Medal in 2002 for having made one of the most outstanding advances in algebraic geometry in several decades. Voevodsky attended Moscow State University (1983–89) before earning a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1992. He then held

Einar Benediktsson: …“Smooth Seas”), Hrannir (1913; “Waves”), Vogar (1921; “Billows”), Hvammar (1930; “Grass Hollows”)—show a masterful command of the language and the influence of his extensive travels, and they exemplify his patriotism, mysticism, and love of nature. A speculative citizen of the world, he wrote in an ornate style and, as one…

Boris Pilnyak was a Soviet writer of novels and stories, prominent in the 1920s. Pilnyak spent his childhood in provincial towns near Moscow, in Saratov, and in a village on the Volga river. He attended high school in Nizhny Novgorod and a commercial institute in Moscow. In his autobiography he

Adamawa: …the Shebshi Mountains rise to Mount Dimlang (6,699 feet [2,042 metres]) in the state’s southeastern portion. Adamawa state is largely covered by short-grass savanna and is drained westward by the Benue River and its tributaries, including the Gongola, Taraba, and Pai rivers.

Hermann Karl Vogel was a German astronomer who discovered spectroscopic binaries—double-star systems that are too close for the individual stars to be discerned by any telescope but, through the analysis of their light, have been found to be two individual stars rapidly revolving around one

Nazarene: Overbeck, Franz Pforr, Ludwig Vogel, and Johann Konrad Hottinger, moved in 1810 to Rome, where they occupied the abandoned monastery of Sant’Isidoro. There they were joined by Peter von Cornelius, Wilhelm von Schadow, and others who at various times were associated with the movement. They soon acquired the originally…

American literature: The Off-Broadway ascendancy: Paula Vogel repeatedly focused on hot-button moral issues with humor and compassion, dealing with prostitution in The Oldest Profession (1981), AIDS in The Baltimore Waltz (1992), pornography in Hot ’n’ Throbbing (1994), and the sexual abuse of minors in How I Learned to Drive (1997).…

Sir Julius Vogel was a New Zealand statesman, journalist, and businessman known for his bold project to regenerate New Zealand’s economy in the 1870s through large-scale public works financed by British loans. Attracted by gold discoveries in Victoria, Vogel emigrated to Australia in 1852 and

Germany: The barrier arc: …great eroded cone of the Vogelberg, rising to 2,536 feet (773 metres), the volcanic Rhön mountains, and the forested Bunter Sandstone plateaus of northern Hessen. The Rhine Rift Valley continues northward through Hessen, with a series of discontinuous basins filled with sediments from the Paleogene and Neogene periods (i.e., about…

Worpswede school: …am Ende, Fritz Overbeck, and Heinrich Vogeler. Clara Westoff, a talented sculptor, also worked at Worpswede, where she met the German poet Rainer Maria Rilke, whom she married in 1901. Two years later Rilke published a book, Worpswede, discussing the artists and the landscape.

Karl, Freiherr von Vogelsang was a Roman Catholic social reformer whose writings helped shape the ideas and actions of the Austrian Christian Social Party. Vogelsang studied law, then entered the Prussian government service, but he retired after the Revolution of 1848. In 1850 he became a Catholic

Bert Vogelstein is an American oncologist known for his groundbreaking work on the genetics of cancer. Vogelstein was raised in Baltimore and attended a private middle school from which he was often truant, preferring to teach himself by reading at the public library. He received a bachelor’s

Paul van Ostaijen: …prose, such as that in Vogelvrij (1927; “Outlawed”) and Diergaarde voor kinderen van nu (1932; “Zoo for Today’s Children”), consists mainly of grotesque sketches that demonstrate his keen imagination. Its lucidity, stubborn analysis of a theme, and underlying restlessness sometimes recall the prose of the Austrian writer Franz Kafka. Not…

Voghera, town, Lombardia (Lombardy) region, northern Italy. Voghera is located on the Staffora River, just southwest of Pavia. Probably the site of Iria, a Roman colony, it was fortified by the Visconti family, whose castle there dates from 1372. The 17th-century church of S. Lorenzo and the unused

Franz Schubert: Early life and career: …1817 Schober brought the baritone Johann Michael Vogl to his home to meet Schubert. As a result of this meeting, Vogl’s singing of Schubert’s songs became the rage of the Viennese drawing rooms. His friendships with the Huttenbrenner brothers, Anselm, a composer, and Josef, an amateur musician, and with Josef…

Carl Maria von Weber: …his studies under the influential Abbé Vogler, through whom he was appointed musical director at Breslau (now Wrocław, Pol.) in 1804. After many difficulties, occasioned by the inexperience of a young director in putting through reforms, and a near-fatal accident in which he permanently impaired his voice when he swallowed…

Vogtland: …an imperial official called a Vogt. The Vogt’s castle in Plauen, the region’s main city, dates from 1250. After Hohenstaufen rule ended, Vogtland fragmented into many petty states. By 1466 the Wettin family controlled most of the region, and Vogtland’s political fortunes thereafter followed those of Saxony.

A.E. Van Vogt was a Canadian author of science fiction who emerged as one of the leading writers of the genre in the mid-20th century. His stories are characterized as fast-paced adventures with complex, sometimes confusing plots. Van Vogt attended the University of Ottawa and began his writing

A.E. Van Vogt was a Canadian author of science fiction who emerged as one of the leading writers of the genre in the mid-20th century. His stories are characterized as fast-paced adventures with complex, sometimes confusing plots. Van Vogt attended the University of Ottawa and began his writing

Johan Herman Lie Vogt was a Norwegian geologist and petrologist who pioneered in the use of physical-chemical methods in the study of the origin of igneous rocks and ores. Vogt was appointed professor of metallurgy at the University of Christiania in 1886. His first important work, Studier over

materialism: Modern materialism: these were Ludwig Büchner and Karl Vogt. The latter is notorious for his assertion that the brain secretes thought just as the liver secretes bile. This metaphor of secretion, previously used by P.-J.-G. Cabanis, a late 18th-century French materialist, is no longer taken seriously, because to most philosophers it does…

photoreception: Refracting, reflecting, and parabolic optical mechanisms: …with crayfish eyes, German neurobiologist Klaus Vogt found that these unpromising jelly boxes were silvered with a multilayer reflector coating. A set of plane mirrors, aligned at right angles to the eye surface, change the direction of rays (in much the same way as len cylinders), thereby producing a single…

Nils Collett Vogt was a Norwegian novelist and poet who dealt with the conflict between the generations and the struggle for intellectual freedom. Vogt was a rebel in a conservative family, and his first novel, Familiens sorg (1889; “A Grief to His Family”), is about youth in rebellion against a

Vogtland, physical and cultural region of southwestern Saxony Land (state), southeastern Germany, lying between Bavaria Land and the Czech Republic. A wooded, hilly plateau drained northward by the upper Weisse Elster River, Vogtland is cradled by the higher ranges of the Ore Mountains to the east,

David Bailey: …began to photograph for British Vogue, where he worked for about 15 years, first on staff and later as a freelancer. He also freelanced for other magazines and newspapers.

Vogue, influential American fashion and lifestyle magazine, called by The New York Times “high fashion’s bible.” One of the world’s most prominent magazines, Vogue has heavily influenced the development of the fashion magazine industry and continues to shape modern fashion trends. It is a part of

Khanty and Mansi: Mansi, western Siberian peoples, living mainly in the Ob River basin of central Russia. They each speak an Ob-Ugric language of the Finno-Ugric branch of the Uralic languages. Together they numbered some 30,000 in the late 20th century. They are descended from people from the…

Ob-Ugric languages: …Uralic language family, comprising the Mansi (Vogul) and Khanty (Ostyak) languages; they are most closely related to Hungarian, with which they make up the Ugric branch of Finno-Ugric. The Ob-Ugric languages are spoken in the region of the Ob and Irtysh rivers in central Russia. They had no written tradition…

Ob River: Physiography: …the Northern (Severnaya) Sosva, the Vogulka, and the Synya rivers from the left. These main channels are reunited below Shuryshkary into a single stream that is up to 12 miles (19 km) wide and 130 feet (40 metres) deep; but after the confluence of the Poluy (from the right) the…

Vanuatu: History of Vanuatu: …and two brief terms for Rialuth Serge Vohor of the UMP. Several of the administrations (notably Carlot Korman’s and that headed by Barak Sope of the Melanesian Progressive Party in 1999–2001) came apart amid charges of official corruption and criminal activity. Despite the ongoing political turmoil, the government in 1997…

Vanuatu: History of Vanuatu: …and two brief terms for Rialuth Serge Vohor of the UMP. Several of the administrations (notably Carlot Korman’s and that headed by Barak Sope of the Melanesian Progressive Party in 1999–2001) came apart amid charges of official corruption and criminal activity. Despite the ongoing political turmoil, the government in 1997…

Vohu Manah, (Avestan: “Good Mind”), in Zoroastrianism, one of the six amesha spentas (“beneficent immortals”) created by Ahura Mazdā, the Wise Lord, to assist him in furthering good and destroying evil. According to Zoroastrian doctrine, because the prophet Zoroaster was, in a vision, conducted

Dante: Dante’s intellectual development and public career: …il terzo ciel movete” (“You Who Through Intelligence Move the Third Sphere”) he dramatizes this conversion from the sweet old style, associated with Beatrice and the Vita nuova, to the rigorous, even severe, new style associated with philosophy. This period of study gave expression to a series of canzoni…

philosophical feminism: Nature and scope of philosophical feminism: …by “speaking in one’s own voice”—i.e., only by thinking and acting in ways that genuinely reflect one’s perspectives, experiences, feelings, and concerns as an individual. 3. The domination or subordination of women in any social setting or in any walk of life is a political issue, not a private one.…