Austin, city, capital of Texas, U.S., and seat (1840) of Travis county. It is located where the Colorado River crosses the Balcones Escarpment in the south-central part of the state, about 80 miles (130 km) northeast of San Antonio. Austin’s metropolitan area encompasses Hays, Williamson, Bastrop,

ABBA: Origin and Eurovision success: …prize with the song “Waterloo.” The resulting single served as the anchor for the album of the same name, released that year.

Waterloo, city, seat (1855) of Black Hawk county, northeastern Iowa, U.S., along both sides of the Cedar River, adjacent to Cedar Falls on the west. The site was first settled in 1845 as Prairie Rapids, and the name Waterloo was adopted in 1851. The town grew as a railroad division point and a

Waterloo Battlefield, location, 3 miles (5 km) south of Waterloo, Belgium, where, on June 18, 1815, the Battle of Waterloo took place, marking Napoleon’s final defeat. In this battle, the British duke of Wellington’s 68,000 allied forces, including British, Dutch, Belgian, and German troops, and

Edinburgh: Edinburgh’s bridges: In the same period Waterloo Bridge, with its Regency Arch (1820), opened the eastern slopes of Calton Hill (northeast of the Castle Rock) to Regency building, while King’s Bridge (1833), leaping westward from the Castle Rock, was the vital link in the so-called “western approach.” Throughout the Victorian and…

John Rennie: …however, for his London bridges: Waterloo Bridge (1811–17; replaced 1937–45), composed of masonry arches; Southwark Bridge (1814–19; replaced 1912–21), composed of three cast-iron arches; and the New London Bridge (opened in 1831 and moved more than 130 years later to Lake Havasu City, Arizona, U.S.), made of multiple masonry arches.

coursing: The Waterloo Cup, the Derby of coursing, was established in 1836 and is held annually at the Altcar Club, near Liverpool. The event was named for the Waterloo Hotel in Liverpool, where the first promoters met. The National Coursing Club was formed in 1858.

John Mills: Other notable military-themed films included Waterloo Road (1945), The Way to the Stars (1945), and Tunes of Glory (1960). Among the best of his nonmilitary films were Great Expectations (1946), in which he played Pip as a young man, Hobson’s Choice (1954), Tiger Bay (1959), in which his

Waterloo Station, railway station in the borough of Lambeth, London, England. It is one of the largest stations in the United Kingdom. Part of the station serves as a terminus for the Channel Tunnel (Eurotunnel), which connects the isle of Britain to continental Europe. The station is located in

Ray Davies: Life as a Kink: …the melancholy view-from-a-window paean “Waterloo Sunset” (1967), which esteemed rock critic Robert Christgau called “the most beautiful song in the English language.” Veering from the group’s early garage rock, the Kinks’ mid-1960s songs featured a jangly folk-rock and orchestral pop sound that would be a huge influence on the…

Battle of Waterloo, (June 18, 1815), Napoleon’s final defeat, ending 23 years of recurrent warfare between France and the other powers of Europe. It was fought during the Hundred Days of Napoleon’s restoration, 3 miles (5 km) south of Waterloo village (which is 9 miles [14.5 km] south of Brussels),

University of Waterloo, Public university in Waterloo, Ont., Can., founded in 1957. It has faculties of applied health sciences, arts, engineering, environmental studies, mathematics, and science, as well as schools of accounting, architecture, optometry, and urban and regional planning. Special

Barstow, city, San Bernardino county, south-central California, U.S. Located in the Mojave Desert, the city lies at a junction of pioneer trails. It was founded in 1880 during a silver-mining rush and was first called Fishpond and then Waterman Junction. It was renamed in 1886 to honor William

pen: …1884 by the American inventor L.E. Waterman.

watermark, design produced by creating a variation in the thickness of paper fibre during the wet-paper phase of papermaking. This design is clearly visible when the paper is held up to a light source. Watermarks are known to have existed in Italy before the end of the 13th century. Two types of

angiosperm: General features: …individual flowering plant, probably the watermeal (Wolffia; Araceae) at less than 2 mm (0.08 inch), to one of the tallest angiosperms, Australia’s mountain ash tree (Eucalyptus regnans; Myrtaceae) at about 100 meters (330 feet). Between these two extremes lie angiosperms of almost every size and shape. Examples of this variability…

watermelon, (Citrullus lanatus), succulent fruit and vinelike plant of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), native to tropical Africa and cultivated around the world. The fruit contains vitamin A and some vitamin C and is usually eaten raw. The rind is sometimes preserved as a pickle. The history of

Pilea: …expel their pollen when mature; aluminum plant, or watermelon pilea (P. cadierei), with silvery markings on glossy dark green leaves; Chinese money plant (P. peperomioides), with long petioles (leaf stalks) attached to the centre of the undersides of the round leaves; and friendship plant, or panamiga (P. involucrata), with quilted…

Harry Styles: In addition, the song “Watermelon Sugar” won the Grammy Award for best pop solo performance and the BRIT Award for British single of the year. His follow-up, Harry’s House (2022), was also a critical and commercial hit. It won three Grammys, including album of the year and best pop…

Cheryl Dunye: The Watermelon Woman: First shown in February 1996 at the Berlin International Film Festival, The Watermelon Woman stars Dunye as Cheryl, a Black lesbian video store worker who’s making a documentary about an unnamed Black actress credited only as “the Watermelon Woman.” Produced on a…

waterwheel, mechanical device for tapping the energy of running or falling water by means of a set of paddles mounted around a wheel. The force of the moving water is exerted against the paddles, and the consequent rotation of the wheel is transmitted to machinery via the shaft of the wheel. The

mint: Major species: Water mint (M. aquatica) commonly grows in ditches and has rounded flower spikes and stalked hairy leaves. Wild mint (M. arvensis), native in North America and Eurasia, reaches about 1 metre (about 3.3 feet) in height.

hookah, apparatus used to heat and vaporize tobacco for inhalation. The word hookah is derived from the Hindustani huqqa and the Arabic huqqah, meaning “vase” or “vessel.” The practice of smoking tobacco from a hookah likely originated in India or the Middle East. Today it is used worldwide and is

Capitol Reef National Park: Natural history: …the nearly 100-mile- (160-km-) long Waterpocket Fold. That formation constitutes a monocline, a sharp fold of Earth’s crust that was formed when thick layers of horizontal sedimentary rocks (mainly sandstones but also shales, mudstones, and limestones) that had been deposited over a period of more than 200 million years were…

waterpower, power produced by a stream of water as it turns a wheel or similar device. The waterwheel was probably invented in the 1st century bce, and it was widely used throughout the Middle Ages and into modern times for grinding grain, operating bellows for furnaces, and other purposes. The

cement: Types of portland cement: Waterproof cement is the name given to a portland cement to which a water-repellent agent has been added. Hydrophobic cement is obtained by grinding portland cement clinker with a film-forming substance such as oleic acid in order to reduce the rate of deterioration when the…

art conservation and restoration: Techniques of building conservation: Techniques of waterproofing wet walls include the insertion of high-capillary tubes, designed to draw the moisture to themselves and to expel it, and also the injection of silicone or latex and similar water-repellent solutions into the heart of the walling. Simple methods are best. The traditional ditch,…

John Arden: Waters of Babylon (1957), a play with a roguish but unjudged central character, revealed a moral ambiguity that troubled critics and audiences. His next play, Live Like Pigs (1958), was set on a housing estate. This was followed by his best-known work, Serjeant Musgrave’s Dance…

Alice Waters is an American restaurateur, chef, and food activist who was a leading proponent of the “slow food” movement, which billed itself as the healthy antithesis to fast food. Waters studied French culture at the University of California, Berkeley, receiving a bachelor’s degree in 1967. She

Mark Rylance is a British theatre actor and director recognized not only for his period-specific enactments of both male and female roles in the works of William Shakespeare but also for his poignant portrayals of contemporary characters. Rylance, habitually consumed by his roles, often kept in

Ethel Waters was an American blues and jazz singer and dramatic actress whose singing, based in the blues tradition, featured her full-bodied voice, wide range, and slow vibrato. Waters grew up in extreme poverty and was married for the first time at the age of 12, while she was still attending

Roger Waters is a British musician and songwriter, best known as the former songwriter and bassist of the rock band Pink Floyd. Waters was one of the founding members of Pink Floyd and set the conceptual direction for the band from 1968 to 1985, when he departed to embark on a solo career. Waters’s

camp: Camp classics in film: …and Cry-Baby (1990), American filmmaker John Waters is widely referred to as the “King of Camp.” Waters’s canon is a knowing celebration of bad taste, fully conscious of its place as camp. Featuring the acting talents of larger-than-life drag diva Divine, former teen porn star Traci Lords, heiress-turned-leftist-radical Patty Hearst,…

Muddy Waters was a dynamic American blues guitarist and singer who played a major role in creating the post-World War II electric blues. Waters, whose nickname came from his proclivity for playing in a creek as a boy, grew up in the cotton country of the Mississippi Delta, where he was raised

history of medicine: Anesthesia and thoracic surgery: …the general anesthetic cyclopropane by Ralph Waters of Madison, Wisconsin, in 1933. Soon afterward, intravenous anesthesia was introduced. John Lundy of the Mayo Clinic brought to a climax a long series of trials by many workers when he used Pentothal (thiopental sodium, a barbiturate) to put a patient peacefully to…

Roger Waters is a British musician and songwriter, best known as the former songwriter and bassist of the rock band Pink Floyd. Waters was one of the founding members of Pink Floyd and set the conceptual direction for the band from 1968 to 1985, when he departed to embark on a solo career. Waters’s

territorial waters, in international law, that area of the sea immediately adjacent to the shores of a state and subject to the territorial jurisdiction of that state. Territorial waters are thus to be distinguished on the one hand from the high seas, which are common to all countries, and on the

Diego Velázquez: Sevilla (Seville): …20 when he painted the Waterseller of Seville (c. 1620), in which the control of the composition, colour, and light, the naturalness of the figures and their poses, and realistic still life already reveal his keen eye and prodigious facility with the brush. The strong modeling and sharp contrasts of…

drainage basin, area from which all precipitation flows to a single stream or set of streams. For example, the total area drained by the Mississippi River constitutes its drainage basin, whereas that part of the Mississippi River drained by the Ohio River is the Ohio’s drainage basin. The boundary

Richard Adams: …with the beloved children’s book Watership Down (1972; film 1978), a novel that presents a naturalistic tale of the travails of a group of wild European rabbits seeking a new home.

waterskiing, planing over the surface of the water on broad skilike runners while being towed by a motorboat moving at least 24 km/hr (15 mph). The skier holds onto a handle on a rope attached to the rear of the boat and leans slightly backward. Water skis are made of wood, aluminum, fibreglass, or

waterspout, a small-diameter column of rapidly swirling air in contact with a water surface. Waterspouts are almost always produced by a swiftly growing cumulus cloud. They may assume many shapes and often occur in a series, called a waterspout family, produced by the same upward-moving air

atom: Kinetic theory of gases: Waterston’s efforts met with a similar fate. Waterston was a Scottish civil engineer and amateur physicist who could not even get his work published by the scientific community, which had become increasingly professional throughout the 19th century. Nevertheless, Waterston made the first statement of the…

Frank Perry: …cattle rustlers (Jeff Bridges and Sam Waterston) who set their sights on a wealthy rancher (Clifton James). Perry, who occasionally worked in television, then made Dummy (1979), an acclaimed TV drama that dealt with the true case of a handicapped young black man (LeVar Burton) who is defended on a…

Waterton Lakes National Park, park in southwestern Alberta, Canada, on the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, immediately north of the U.S. border and Glacier National Park in Montana. It has an area of 203 square miles (525 square km). Established in 1895, it became a part of the

Glacier National Park: The two parks together comprise Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, dedicated in 1932. Glacier National Park straddles the Continental Divide, the great ridge of the Rocky Mountains marking the boundary between westward (to the Pacific Ocean) and eastward (to Hudson Bay and the Mississippi River) drainage systems. It was classified as…

Watertown, city, seat (1878) of Codington county, eastern South Dakota, U.S. It lies on the Big Sioux River, between Lakes Kampeska and Pelican, about 95 miles (155 km) north of Sioux Falls. It was laid out in 1878 following the extension of the Winona and St. Peter Railroad (now part of the Union

Watertown, town (township), Litchfield county, west-central Connecticut, U.S., on the Naugatuck River immediately northwest of the city of Waterbury. The site was settled in 1701, and in 1738 the community was organized as Westbury, an ecclesiastical society of Waterbury. It was separated and

Watertown, city, seat (1805) of Jefferson county, northern New York, U.S. It lies at the falls (112 feet [34 metres]) of the Black River, 10 miles (16 km) east of Lake Ontario and 72 miles (116 km) north of Syracuse. The area was first organized as the township of Watertown in 1801. Lumber, paper,

Watertown, city, Middlesex county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S., on the Charles River, just west of Boston. One of the four earliest Massachusetts Bay settlements, it was founded by a group led by Sir Richard Saltonstall and was incorporated as a town in 1630; it was the first inland farming town.

boiler: In the watertube boiler, the water is inside tubes with the hot furnace gases circulating outside the tubes. When the steam turbogenerator was developed early in the 20th century, modern watertube boilers were developed in response to the demand for large quantities of steam at pressures and…

Waterville, city, Kennebec county, south-central Maine, U.S., on the Kennebec River 54 miles (87 km) southwest of Bangor and 21 miles (34 km) northeast of Augusta, the state capital. Settled around Fort Halifax (1754) at Ticonic Falls, the community mainly consisted of English and French Canadians.

Colby College, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Waterville, Maine, U.S. Colby is an undergraduate college with a curriculum based in the liberal arts and sciences. It offers study-abroad programs in France, Spain, Ireland, Mexico, England, and Russia. Campus facilities

Watervliet, city, Albany county, eastern New York, U.S., on the west bank of the Hudson River (bridged), opposite Troy. Originally part of a land tract bought by Kiliaen van Rensselaer, a diamond merchant of Amsterdam, from the Mohawk Indians in 1630, it was incorporated (1836) as the Village of

canals and inland waterways: Modern waterway engineering: Waterways are subject to definite geographic and physical restrictions that influence the engineering problems of construction, maintenance, and operation.

Elodea, genus of five or six species of submerged aquatic plants in the frog’s-bit family (Hydrocharitaceae), useful in aquariums and in laboratory demonstrations of cellular activities. Elodea plants are native to the New World, though a number of species have established themselves as invasive

waterwheel, mechanical device for tapping the energy of running or falling water by means of a set of paddles mounted around a wheel. The force of the moving water is exerted against the paddles, and the consequent rotation of the wheel is transmitted to machinery via the shaft of the wheel. The

carnivorous plant: Major families: … contains only one species, the waterwheel plant (A. vesiculosa), which is sometimes grown in aquaria as a curiosity. Similarly, the genus Dionaea consists of only the Venus flytrap (D. muscipula), well known for its quick-acting snap trap and commonly sold as a novelty. Once classified within Droseraceae, the Portuguese sundew…

Cissus: sicyoides, known as waterwithe treebine or princess vine, is native from southern Florida to tropical America and is especially noted for its abundance of long, slender aerial roots.

Kevin Costner: Dances with Wolves and The Bodyguard: …Perfect World (1993); the postapocalyptic Waterworld (1995) and The Postman (1997), the latter of which he also directed; and the sports-themed Tin Cup (1996) and For Love of the Game (1999).

Elatinaceae: Waterwort (Elatine hexandra) and two similar species, E. hydropiper and E. macropoda, sometimes are grown in aquariums. These Eurasian plants tend to mat together as they grow. One species, E. americana, is widespread in northern North America. Species growing on bog edges or stream banks…

Watford: Watford, town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Hertfordshire, England. It is situated on the northwest periphery of London and on the Rivers Colne and Gade and the Grand Union Canal.

Watford, town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Hertfordshire, England. It is situated on the northwest periphery of London and on the Rivers Colne and Gade and the Grand Union Canal. Watford is primarily a residential town for London commuters and a shopping and

miḥnah: The caliph al-Wāthiq (reigned 842–847) also vigorously enforced the miḥnah, in one case trying himself to execute a man he considered a heretic. The inquisition continued until about 848, when al-Mutawakkil (reigned 847–861) made the profession of the Muʿtazilite view of a created Qurʾān punishable by death.…

Stand Watie was a Cherokee chief who signed the treaty forcing tribal removal of the Cherokees from Georgia and who later served as brigadier general in the Confederate Army during the U.S. Civil War. Watie learned to speak English when, at the age of 12, he was sent to a mission school. He later

lacquerwork: Europe: …du peintre, doreur, vernisseur of Jean-Félix Watin (1772), the most precise account of lacquerwork that appeared in the 18th century. In this book Watin examined the recipes of his predecessors and recommended the best formulas for lacquering objects to be used indoors, such as furniture, and outdoors, such as carriages.…

Dame Wendy Hiller was an English stage and film actress known for her direct and unsentimental portrayals of intelligent and spirited women. Hiller was educated at Winceby House School and at age 18 joined the Manchester Repertory Company, for which she acted and stage-managed for several years.

Watkins Glen, village, seat (1854) of Schuyler county, central New York, U.S. It lies at the south end of Seneca Lake, in the heart of the Finger Lakes region, 20 miles (32 km) north of Elmira. Settled in 1791, it was incorporated (1842) as Jefferson and was renamed Watkins (1852) to honour Dr.

ley lines: …English amateur archaeologist and photographer Alfred Watkins in the early 20th century. Stonehenge, the Pyramids of Giza, Machu Picchu, and Ayers Rock (Uluru) are some of the landmarks posited as connected by ley lines. While the validity of ley lines is not accepted by academic archaeologists, followers of the New…

Carleton E. Watkins was an American photographer best known for his artistic documentation of the landscape of the American West. He also produced images of industrial sites in that region. (For further information regarding his name, see the Researcher’s Note.) In 1851, at age 22, Watkins left his

the Wiggles: …replaced by fellow Australian entertainers Emma Watkins—the first female member of the group—as the yellow Wiggle, Simon Pryce as the red, and Lachlan (“Lachy”) Gillespie -in purple, while Anthony Field in blue remained with the group.

Frances E.W. Harper was an American author, orator, and social reformer who was notable for her poetry, speeches, and essays on abolitionism, temperance, and woman suffrage. Frances Watkins was the daughter of free black parents. She grew up in the home of an uncle whose school for black children

bell hooks was an American scholar and activist whose work examined the connections between race, gender, and class. She often explored the varied perceptions of Black women and Black women writers and the development of feminist identities. Watkins grew up in a segregated community of the American

Jessica Watkins is an American astronaut who spent six months aboard the International Space Station (ISS) in 2022 and has been chosen for the Artemis program, which will return Americans to the Moon in the mid-2020s. She was the first Black woman to spend a long-duration stay on the ISS. In 2008

Jessica Watkins is an American astronaut who spent six months aboard the International Space Station (ISS) in 2022 and has been chosen for the Artemis program, which will return Americans to the Moon in the mid-2020s. She was the first Black woman to spend a long-duration stay on the ISS. In 2008

QAnon: Who was Q?: …Paul Furber and 8chan/8kun administrator Ron Watkins. Neither had any kind of special access to intelligence or classified information, but both were extremely well versed in the language and culture of conspiracy-themed message boards.

Vernon Phillips Watkins was an English-language Welsh poet who drew from Welsh material and legend. Watkins steeped himself in the study of French and German and developed a deep understanding of the poetry of both those countries while he was a student at Cambridge University. After graduation he

Jacksonville, city, seat (1755) of Onslow county, southeastern North Carolina, U.S. It lies along the New River at the head of its estuary, about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Wilmington. Originally settled as Wantland’s Ferry (c. 1757), its name was changed to Onslow Courthouse and then

Watling Street, Roman road in England that ran from Dover west-northwest to London and thence northwest via St. Albans (Verulamium) to Wroxeter (Ouirokónion, or Viroconium). It was one of Britain’s greatest arterial roads of the Roman and post-Roman periods. The name came from a group of

Battle of Watling Street, battle fought between Britons and Romans in 61 CE about 25 miles west of modern metropolitan Birmingham. In this final decisive battle of Boudicca’s revolt against Roman rule in Britain, a large British force was routed by the heavily outnumbered Romans under the command

San Salvador Island, one of the islands of The Bahamas, in the West Indies. San Salvador is believed by many scholars to be the island of Guanahani, where Christopher Columbus made his first landing in the New World on October 12, 1492. Some scholars assert, however, that the island of Guanahani is

Paul Watson: The documentary Watson (2019) chronicles his life.

Watson and the Shark, oil painting first created in 1778 by American artist John Singleton Copley. It was exhibited in 1778 at London’s Royal Academy of Arts and was instrumental in Copley’s being appointed to the academy. Copley painted a second version of the work later in 1778, and he created

Watson Lake, community, southern Yukon, Canada. It lies along a small lake on the border with British Columbia. It originated as a 19th-century trading post and was named after Frank Watson, a pioneer trapper-miner. It is now a key communications and distribution point for the southern part of the

David Carson: Photographer Albert Watson, for example, declared, “He uses type the way a painter uses paint, to create emotion, to express ideas.” Others felt that the fractured presentation obscured the message it carried.

Alberta Watson was a Canadian film and television actress whose career spanned four decades. Renowned for her consistency and reliability, Watson was perhaps best known for the TV series La Femme Nikita (1997–2001) and 24 (2004–05), but she also gave memorable performances in David O. Russell’s

Doc Watson was an American musician and singer who introduced a flat-picking style that elevated the acoustic guitar from a rhythmically strummed background instrument to a leading role in bluegrass, country, folk, and rock music, notably during the folk music revival of the 1960s. Watson was blind

Bubba Watson is an American professional golfer noted for his two Major championships and powerful drives. He won the Masters Tournament in 2012 and 2014 and reached 2nd place in the world rankings of golf in 2015. He is one of the few left-handed golfers on the PGA Tour and one of a relative

Kolkata: Growth of the city: …and by the British admiral Charles Watson. The nawab was defeated shortly afterward at Plassey (June 1757), after which British rule in Bengal was assured. Gobindapore was cleared of its forests, and the new Fort William was built on its present site, overlooking the Hugli at Calcutta, where it became…

Tate murders: …8, Manson ordered his follower Charles “Tex” Watson to go to 10050 Cielo Drive with several other cult members and kill everyone there “as gruesome[ly] as you can.” Manson was familiar with the house because its previous tenant, music producer Terry Melcher, had earlier considered and then decided against giving…

Brittney Griner: Personal life: Three years later Griner wed Cherelle Watson, a teacher. Following Brittney Griner’s detainment in Russia, Cherelle Griner publicly fought for her release.

Houston Texans: …play of standout rookie quarterback Deshaun Watson, but his mid-season knee injury derailed the team’s momentum, and Houston finished the year with a 4–12 record. Watson and Watt remained healthy during the 2018 season, and the Texans rallied from an 0–3 start to win 11 games and a division title.…

Doc Watson was an American musician and singer who introduced a flat-picking style that elevated the acoustic guitar from a rhythmically strummed background instrument to a leading role in bluegrass, country, folk, and rock music, notably during the folk music revival of the 1960s. Watson was blind

Dr. Watson, fictional English physician who is Sherlock Holmes’s devoted friend, associate, and chronicler in a series of detective stories and novels by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The first collection of their escapades was published as The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes in 1892. Watson, born in 1852,

Dr. Watson, fictional English physician who is Sherlock Holmes’s devoted friend, associate, and chronicler in a series of detective stories and novels by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The first collection of their escapades was published as The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes in 1892. Watson, born in 1852,

Emma Watson is a British actress and activist who was perhaps best known for playing the young wizard Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter films. She also garnered attention as a spokesperson for women’s equality. Watson was born in Paris to British parents who divorced when she was young. She and

Emma Watson is a British actress and activist who was perhaps best known for playing the young wizard Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter films. She also garnered attention as a spokesperson for women’s equality. Watson was born in Paris to British parents who divorced when she was young. She and

Alberta Watson was a Canadian film and television actress whose career spanned four decades. Renowned for her consistency and reliability, Watson was perhaps best known for the TV series La Femme Nikita (1997–2001) and 24 (2004–05), but she also gave memorable performances in David O. Russell’s

Bubba Watson is an American professional golfer noted for his two Major championships and powerful drives. He won the Masters Tournament in 2012 and 2014 and reached 2nd place in the world rankings of golf in 2015. He is one of the few left-handed golfers on the PGA Tour and one of a relative

Canada: Visual arts: Homer Watson continued the exploration of landscapes in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, reflecting the influence of the American Hudson River school in his work.