Waukegan, city, seat (1841) of Lake county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. It lies on a high bluff above Lake Michigan, about 40 miles (65 km) north of Chicago. One of the oldest communities in the state, it was originally a Potawatomi Indian settlement. It was visited by the French explorer Jacques

Waukesha, city, seat (1846) of Waukesha county, southeastern Wisconsin, U.S. It is situated on the Fox River, about 15 miles (25 km) west of Milwaukee. The site was settled by Morris D. Cutler in 1834 near a Potawatomi Indian village and called Prairieville. In 1846 it was renamed Waukesha

Brecon Beacons National Park: …with their highest point at Waun Fach, elevation 2,660 feet (811 metres). Centrally located within the park, south of Brecon, are the Brecon Beacons (old red sandstone), including Pen y Fan, the highest peak in the park, with an elevation of 2,906 feet (886 metres). To the west lies the…

South American forest Indian: Belief and aesthetic systems: The Waurá women of the upper Xingu are famous for their pots and animal-shaped bowls. Of the historic tribes, the Tapajó of the Amazon had the richest style in ceramics, excelled only by the archaeological remains of the Ilha de Marajó. Among some groups in the…

Wausau, city, seat (1850) of Marathon county, north-central Wisconsin, U.S. It lies on the Wisconsin River, about 90 miles (150 km) northwest of Green Bay. Settled in 1839 as a sawmill town, it was first called Big Bull Falls; by 1850 it had been renamed Wausau (Ojibwa: “Faraway Place”). Wausau is

Brandywine Creek, stream in southeastern Pennsylvania and western Delaware, U.S., rising in two branches in Chester county, Pennsylvania, which join near Coatesville. It flows about 20 miles (32 km) southeast past Chadds Ford and through Delaware to join the Christina River just above its

Wauwatosa, city, western suburb of Milwaukee, Milwaukee county, southeastern Wisconsin, U.S. It lies on the Menomonee River, just north of West Allis. Potawatomi and Menominee Indians were among the early inhabitants of the area. Settled in 1835, the community was at first attached to the township

wave, a ridge or swell on the surface of a body of water, normally having a forward motion distinct from the oscillatory motion of the particles that successively compose it. The undulations and oscillations may be chaotic and random, or they may be regular, with an identifiable wavelength between

Barbara Hepworth: Pieces such as Wave (1943–44) became increasingly open, hollowed out, and perforated, so that the interior space is as important as the mass surrounding it. Her practice, increasingly frequent in her mature pieces, of painting the works’ concave interiors further heightened this effect, while she accented and defined…

wave, propagation of disturbances from place to place in a regular and organized way. Most familiar are surface waves that travel on water, but sound, light, and the motion of subatomic particles all exhibit wavelike properties. In the simplest waves, the disturbance oscillates periodically (see

lee wave: They may produce clouds, called wave clouds, when the air becomes saturated with water vapour at the top of the wave.

extratropical cyclone, a type of storm system formed in middle or high latitudes, in regions of large horizontal temperature variations called frontal zones. Extratropical cyclones present a contrast to the more violent cyclones or hurricanes of the tropics, which form in regions of relatively

analysis: Trigonometric series solutions: …normal mode solutions of the wave equation are superposed, the result is a solution of the form where the coefficients a1, a2, a3, … are arbitrary constants. Euler did not state whether the series should be finite or infinite; but it eventually turned out that infinite series held the key…

wave front, imaginary surface representing corresponding points of a wave that vibrate in unison. When identical waves having a common origin travel through a homogeneous medium, the corresponding crests and troughs at any instant are in phase; i.e., they have completed identical fractions of their

wave function, in quantum mechanics, variable quantity that mathematically describes the wave characteristics of a particle. The value of the wave function of a particle at a given point of space and time is related to the likelihood of the particle’s being there at the time. By analogy with waves

waveguide, any of a class of devices that confines and directs the propagation of electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, infrared rays, and visible light. Waveguides take many shapes and forms. Typical examples include hollow metallic tubes, coaxial cables, and optical fibres. Hollow metallic

wave mechanics, quantum mechanics, especially that version originally developed (1926) by the Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger. See Schrödinger

spectroscopy: Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS): …technique involves the phenomenon of wave mixing, takes advantage of the high intensity of stimulated Raman scattering, and has the applicability of conventional Raman spectroscopy. In the CARS method two strong collinear laser beams at frequencies ν1 and ν2 (ν1 > ν2) irradiate a sample. If the frequency difference, ν1…

wave motion, propagation of disturbances—that is, deviations from a state of rest or equilibrium—from place to place in a regular and organized way. Most familiar are surface waves on water, but both sound and light travel as wavelike disturbances, and the motion of all subatomic particles exhibits

wavenumber, a unit of frequency, often used in atomic, molecular, and nuclear spectroscopy, equal to the true frequency divided by the speed of the wave and thus equal to the number of waves in a unit distance. In the case of light, the frequency, symbolized by the Greek letter nu (ν), of any wave

glacier: Surface features: Called wave ogives (pointed arches), these arcs result from the great stretching of the ice in the rapidly flowing icefall. The ice that moves through the icefall in summer has more of its surface exposed to melting and is greatly reduced in volume compared with the…

running-dog pattern, in classical architecture, decorative motif consisting of a repeated stylized convoluted form, something like the profile of a breaking wave. This pattern, which may be raised above, incised into, or painted upon a surface, frequently appears on a frieze, the middle element of

mathematics: Mathematical physics: …and observables, with its mysterious wave packets that were sometimes like particles and sometimes like waves depending on how they were observed, went very neatly into the theory of Hilbert spaces. Functional analysis has ever since grown with the fortunes of particle physics.

wave power, a form of renewable energy in which electricity is generated by harnessing the up-and-down motion of ocean waves. Wave power is typically produced by floating turbine platforms or buoys that rise and fall with the swells. However, wave power can be generated by exploiting the changes in

wave motion, propagation of disturbances—that is, deviations from a state of rest or equilibrium—from place to place in a regular and organized way. Most familiar are surface waves on water, but both sound and light travel as wavelike disturbances, and the motion of all subatomic particles exhibits

running-dog pattern, in classical architecture, decorative motif consisting of a repeated stylized convoluted form, something like the profile of a breaking wave. This pattern, which may be raised above, incised into, or painted upon a surface, frequently appears on a frieze, the middle element of

radiation measurement: Organic scintillators: …scintillators to act as a wave shifter, which absorbs the primary light from the organic fluor and re-radiates the energy at a longer wavelength more suitable for matching the response of photomultiplier tubes or photodiodes. Plastic scintillators are commercially available in sheets or cylinders with dimensions of several centimetres or…

gliding: In wave soaring, the glider flies along vertical waves of wind that form on the lee side of mountain ranges (the side protected from fiercer winds). Riding such waves allows extreme altitude to be gained rapidly. To facilitate all such maneuvers as well as navigation, gliders…

wave: Physical characteristics of surface waves: Wave spectra are used by oceanographers to describe the distribution of energy at different frequencies. The form of the spectrum can be related to wind speed and direction and the duration of the storm and the fetch (or distance upwind) over which it has blown,…

linguistics: Criticisms of the comparative method: …is referred to as the wave theory, according to which different linguistic changes will spread, like waves, from a politically, commercially, or culturally important centre along the main lines of communication, but successive innovations will not necessarily cover exactly the same area. Consequently, there will be no sharp distinction between…

interference: …combination of two or more wave trains moving on intersecting or coincident paths. The effect is that of the addition of the amplitudes of the individual waves at each point affected by more than one wave.

wave velocity, distance traversed by a periodic, or cyclic, motion per unit time (in any direction). Wave velocity in common usage refers to speed, although, properly, velocity implies both speed and direction. The velocity of a wave is equal to the product of its wavelength and frequency (number

sound, a mechanical disturbance from a state of equilibrium that propagates through an elastic material medium. A purely subjective definition of sound is also possible, as that which is perceived by the ear, but such a definition is not particularly illuminating and is unduly restrictive, for it

glacial landform: Glaciolacustrine deposits: …and it is called a wave-cut bench. On the other hand, it may be formed by deposition of sand and gravel from long-shore currents along the margin of the lake, in which case it is referred to as a beach ridge. The width of these shorelines varies from a few…

wave-cut platform, gently sloping rock ledge that extends from the high-tide level at the steep-cliff base to below the low-tide level. It develops as a result of wave abrasion; beaches protect the shore from abrasion and therefore prevent the formation of platforms. A platform is broadened as

coral reef: Origin and development of reefs: …or eustatic submergence intervenes, a wave-cut terrace is left around the reef. Terraces that may have formed in this way are known around many reefs.

wave-particle duality, possession by physical entities (such as light and electrons) of both wavelike and particle-like characteristics. On the basis of experimental evidence, German physicist Albert Einstein first showed (1905) that light, which had been considered a form of electromagnetic waves,

geomagnetic field: Decay of the ring current: Two processes—charge exchange and wave-particle interactions—contribute to this loss. Charge exchange is a process wherein a cold atmospheric neutral particle interacts with a positive ion of the ring current and exchanges an electron. The ion is converted to an energetic neutral, which, since it is no longer guided by…

procellariiform: Distribution: One species, the waved albatross (D. irrorata), is unique in that it breeds only in the Galapagos Islands at the Equator, where probably not more than 3,000 pairs nest on Hood Island.

waveguide, any of a class of devices that confines and directs the propagation of electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, infrared rays, and visible light. Waveguides take many shapes and forms. Typical examples include hollow metallic tubes, coaxial cables, and optical fibres. Hollow metallic

telecommunications media: Optical fibres: …fibres are material dispersion and waveguide dispersion. Material dispersion is a phenomenon in which different optical wavelengths propagate at different velocities, depending on the refractive index of the material used in the fibre core. Waveguide dispersion depends not on the material of the fibre core but on its diameter; it…

wavelength, distance between corresponding points of two consecutive waves. “Corresponding points” refers to two points or particles in the same phase—i.e., points that have completed identical fractions of their periodic motion. Usually, in transverse waves (waves with points oscillating at right

radiation measurement: Organic scintillators: …scintillators to act as a wave shifter, which absorbs the primary light from the organic fluor and re-radiates the energy at a longer wavelength more suitable for matching the response of photomultiplier tubes or photodiodes. Plastic scintillators are commercially available in sheets or cylinders with dimensions of several centimetres or…

Archibald Percival Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell was a British field marshal and government administrator whose victories against the Italians in North Africa during the early part of World War II were offset by his inability to defeat the German Afrika Korps under General Erwin Rommel (1941) and his

Archibald Percival Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell was a British field marshal and government administrator whose victories against the Italians in North Africa during the early part of World War II were offset by his inability to defeat the German Afrika Korps under General Erwin Rommel (1941) and his

Archibald Percival Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell was a British field marshal and government administrator whose victories against the Italians in North Africa during the early part of World War II were offset by his inability to defeat the German Afrika Korps under General Erwin Rommel (1941) and his

wavellite, hydrated aluminum phosphate [Al3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O], a common phosphate mineral that typically occurs as translucent, greenish, globular masses in crevices in aluminous metamorphic rocks, in limonite and phosphate-rock deposits, and in hydrothermal veins. Occurrences include Zbiroh, Czech

wavemeter, device for determining the distance between successive wavefronts of equal phase along an electromagnetic wave. The determination is often made indirectly, by measuring the frequency of the wave. Although electromagnetic wavelengths depend on the propagation media, wavemeters are

Waveney, district, administrative and historic county of Suffolk, England. It is bounded to the east by the North Sea and to the northwest by the River Waveney. The interior is rich farmland. Along the river are the small industrial communities of Beccles and Bungay, and near its mouth is

River Waveney, stream in England whose whole course of 50 miles (80 km) marks the boundary between the East Anglian counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. The river flows northeastward through agricultural countryside, and no major towns are located on its banks. Its lower reaches form part of The

wavenumber, a unit of frequency, often used in atomic, molecular, and nuclear spectroscopy, equal to the true frequency divided by the speed of the wave and thus equal to the number of waves in a unit distance. In the case of light, the frequency, symbolized by the Greek letter nu (ν), of any wave

Sir Walter Scott: …his novel, which he titled Waverley. It was one of the rare and happy cases in literary history when something original and powerful was immediately recognized and enjoyed by a large public. A story of the Jacobite rebellion of 1745, it reinterpreted and presented with living force the manners and…

Waverley, borough (district), administrative and historic county of Surrey, southeastern England. It occupies the southwestern corner of the county, along the Hampshire and Sussex borders. Godalming is the administrative centre. Waverley’s wooded hills and heathlands have been designated an Area of

The Waverley Novels, a series of more than two dozen historical novels published by Sir Walter Scott between 1814 and 1832. Although the novels were extremely popular and strongly promoted at the time, he did not publicly reveal his authorship of them until 1827. Notable works in the series include

Kenneth Lonergan: His next play, The Waverly Gallery, about a young man whose grandmother, a gallery owner, is disappearing into dementia, opened Off-Broadway in 2000 and was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. Lobby Hero, centring on a security guard for an apartment building, debuted in 2001. All three of these…

WAVES, military unit, established on July 30, 1942, as the U.S. Navy’s corps of female members. During World War II some 100,000 WAVES served in a wide variety of capacities, ranging from performing essential clerical duties to serving as instructors for male pilots-in-training. Initially, they did

Franz Grillparzer: …und der Liebe Wellen (1831; The Waves of Sea and Love), often judged to be Grillparzer’s greatest tragedy because of the degree of harmony achieved between content and form, marks a return to the classical theme in treating the story of Hero and Leander, which is, however, interpreted with a…

interference: …of the addition of the amplitudes of the individual waves at each point affected by more than one wave.

The Waves, experimental novel by Virginia Woolf, published in 1931. The Waves was one of her most inventive and complex books. It reflects Woolf’s greater concern with capturing the poetic rhythm of life than with maintaining a traditional focus on character and plot. Composed of dramatic (and

snow goose, (Chen caerulescens), a species of North American goose that may be either white or dark with black wingtips and pink legs and a bill with black gape (“grin”), belonging to the family Anatidae (order Anseriformes). Two subspecies are recognized. The lesser snow goose (Chen caerulescens

K’Naan: …the determinedly optimistic track “Wavin’ Flag,” already a hit in Canada, was remade as a celebrity-studded charity single to benefit victims of the January earthquake in Haiti. Another version of the song, a remix by K’Naan, became the official anthem of Coca-Cola’s 2010 World Cup campaign. Amid such popularity,…

snow goose, (Chen caerulescens), a species of North American goose that may be either white or dark with black wingtips and pink legs and a bill with black gape (“grin”), belonging to the family Anatidae (order Anseriformes). Two subspecies are recognized. The lesser snow goose (Chen caerulescens

sea lavender: Major species: Wavy-leaf sea lavender (L. sinuatum) is one of several species cultivated for use as cut flowers in the floral industry. A few species, including tree sea lavender (L. arborescens) of Tenerife, are tall and shrubby.

Wau, town, northwestern South Sudan. It lies on the western bank of the Jur River (a tributary of Al-Ghazāl River), about 140 miles (220 km) northwest of Rumbek. The town was the scene of antigovernment disturbances in 1965, in which a number of people were killed and much of Wau was destroyed as a

Precambrian: Age and occurrence of greenstone-granite belts: …province of Canada; the Abitibi, Wawa, Wabigoon, and Quetico belts of the Superior province of Canada; the Dharwar belts in India; and the Warrawoona and Yilgarn belts in Australia.

Nubia: …of Aswān; this was called Wawat.

Western architecture: Eastern Europe: The rebuilding of his Wawel Castle (1507–36) in Kraków was begun by the Italian Francesco della Lore and continued by Bartolommeo Berecci of Florence. It presents a blend of local Gothic and 15th-century Italian architecture. The great courtyard has three stories of loggias; the two lower ones, with semicircular…

Kraków: The contemporary city: Wawel Cathedral houses several ornate chapels and burial chambers, along with a collection of ecclesiastical art. Originally constructed in the early 11th century, the cathedral was rebuilt in 1142 and 1364, and it was renovated in 1712 in its current Gothic style. Two defensive fortifications…

Novak Djokovic: 2010 to 2016: number one and a career Grand Slam: …a four-set match to Switzerland’s Stan Wawrinka.

Novak Djokovic: 2010 to 2016: number one and a career Grand Slam: …a four-set match to Switzerland’s Stan Wawrinka.

wax, any of a class of pliable substances of animal, plant, mineral, or synthetic origin that differ from fats in being less greasy, harder, and more brittle and in containing principally compounds of high molecular weight (e.g., fatty acids, alcohols, and saturated hydrocarbons). Waxes share

waxplant: Unrelated plants: The wax begonia (see begonia) is a waxy-leaved bedding and pot plant. The wax-leaved privet, or white wax tree, is a landscape plant used in warm climates. The wax tree (Toxicodendron succedaneum) is a Japanese tree grown for its waxy berries and stem juices that yield…

crayon: …two types of crayons: the colouring crayon and the chalk crayon.

poultry processing: Defeathering: An extra process, called wax dipping, is often used for waterfowl, since their feathers are more difficult to remove. Following the mechanical feather picking, the carcasses are dipped in a melted, dark-coloured wax. The wax is allowed to harden and then is peeled away, pulling out the feathers at…

wax gourd, (Benincasa hispida), fleshy vine of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), grown for its edible fruits. The wax gourd is native to tropical Asia, where it is commonly used in soups, curries, and stir-fries and is sometimes made into a beverage. Like other gourds, the fruit has a long shelf

mallow: …but naturalized along coastal California; wax mallow (Malvaviscus arboreus), a reddish flowering ornamental shrub from South America; poppy mallow (Callirhoe involucrata), a hairy perennial, low-growing, with poppy-like reddish flowers; and Indian mallow, also called velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), a weedy plant. Chaparral mallows (Malacothamnus species), a group of shrubs and small…

Studs Terkel: In 1945 Terkel inaugurated The Wax Museum, a radio program that brought out his knack for engaging people in impromptu interviews. Studs’s Place, Terkel’s nationally broadcast television show, ran from 1949 to 1952. The program comprised songs and stories and used a fictional bar as its backdrop. Its cancellation…

Myricaceae: …leaves useful in medicines; the wax myrtle, or candleberry (M. cerifera), a tall shrub or small tree growing to about 11 metres (35 feet); and bayberry (M. pennsylvanica), which yields a wax used in candles. The sweet fern (Comptonia peregrina) is a small aromatic shrub of eastern North America, the…

Myricaceae, the wax myrtle family of dicotyledonous flowering plants, in the beech order (Fagales), found throughout the world, with three genera of trees and shrubs having aromatic leaves. Many of the species bear yellow glandular dots on the surface, from which the characteristic odour of these

waxplant, (genus Hoya), genus of more than 200 species of perennial plants in the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). Members of the genus are found throughout tropical Asia and parts of Australia. Several are popular as greenhouse plants or window plants. Waxplants are perennial evergreen vines or

candelilla wax: …a coating on candelilla shrubs, Euphorbia antisyphilitica or Euphorbia cerifera, which grow wild in northern Mexico and Texas. Candelilla wax resembles carnauba wax but is less hard. Because it blends with other waxes and is less costly, candelilla wax is used chiefly as an extender in formulas containing carnauba, paraffin,…

houseplant: Climbers and trailers: Intriguing is the slow-growing Hoya, or wax plant, with leathery foliage and waxy, wheel-shaped blooms. By contrast, the inch plants and wandering jew, species of Tradescantia and Zebrina, are rapid growers with watery stems and varicoloured leaves; these long-beloved houseplants are used widely in window shelves or hanging baskets.…

echeveria: …smaller species, such as the wax rosette (Echeveria ×gilva), the pearl echeveria (E. elegans; also called Mexican snowball), and the plush plant (E. pulvinata), are handsome as small pot plants or in dish gardens along with other succulent species. Larger echeverias, such as E. gibbiflora , red echeveria (E. coccinea),…

wax sculpture, the preparation of finished figures in beeswax by modelling or molding or the use of such figures as a form for casting metal or creating preliminary models. At ordinary temperatures beeswax can be cut and shaped with facility; it melts to a limpid fluid at a low heat; it mixes with

paleography: Types of writing materials: …replaced for everyday use by wax tablets corresponding to today’s notebook. Tablets made of wooden blocks were hollowed out and filled with melted, often black wax. Notes were made in the hardened surface. Even documents of permanent significance, such as property conveyances, were made on wax tablets.

waxplant: Unrelated plants: The wax-leaved privet, or white wax tree, is a landscape plant used in warm climates. The wax tree (Toxicodendron succedaneum) is a Japanese tree grown for its waxy berries and stem juices that yield a natural lacquer. The wax vine, or cape ivy (Senecio macroglossus), which has thick waxy succulent…

rutabaga, (Brassica napus, variety napobrassica), root vegetable in the mustard family (Brassicaceae), cultivated for its fleshy roots and edible leaves. Rutabagas likely originated as a cross between turnips (Brassica rapa, variety rapa) and wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and are thought to have

waxplant: Major species: …and are sometimes known as wax vines. Porcelain flower (Hoya carnosa) has several cultivated varieties with white to rosy-pink flowers; one such variety, the Hindu rope vine, has twisted distorted leaves that may be variegated cream, yellow, and pink. The miniature waxplant (H. lanceolata bella) is more compact and has…

privet: Glossy privet (L. lucidum), from eastern Asia, is a 9-metre tree in areas with mild winters. It has 25-centimetre (10-inch) flower clusters in summer. Japanese privet (L. japonicum), about 4.7 m tall, has very glossy leaves. It also requires mild winters, as does the smaller…

waxbill, any of several Old World tropical birds named for the prominent red (the colour of sealing wax) of their conical bills. The name is used generally for birds of the family Estrildidae (order Passeriformes); less broadly for those of the tribe Estrildini of that family; and particularly for

Estrildidae, songbird family, order Passeriformes, consisting of approximately 140 species of waxbills and other small finchlike birds of the Old World, many of which are favourite cage birds. Members range in size from 7.5 to 15 cm (3 to 6 inches) long. They have short, stout bills and short legs

Stephanotis: …member of the genus, the Madagascar jasmine (Marsdenia floribunda), waxflower, or floradora, is a popular greenhouse plant. This woody, twining vine is native to Madagascar. It has leathery, oval leaves that grow up to 10 cm (4 inches) long and clusters of waxy, white flowers that grow to 5 cm…

lunar phase: …Moon displays eight phases: new, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent. New moon occurs when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun, and thus the side of the Moon that is in shadow faces Earth. Full moon occurs when the Moon…

lunar phase: waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent. New moon occurs when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun, and thus the side of the Moon that is in shadow faces Earth. Full moon occurs when the Moon is on the opposite…

Bride of Frankenstein: Production notes and credits:

Meyer Waxman was a Jewish literary historian, rabbi, educator, and scholar. Trained in Ḥasidic seminaries in Mir and Slutzk, Waxman continued his studies, after emigrating to the United States in 1905, at New York University, Columbia University, and at the Jewish Theological Seminary, where he was

waxplant, (genus Hoya), genus of more than 200 species of perennial plants in the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). Members of the genus are found throughout tropical Asia and parts of Australia. Several are popular as greenhouse plants or window plants. Waxplants are perennial evergreen vines or

waxwing, any of three species of birds belonging to the songbird family Bombycillidae (order Passeriformes). They are elegant-looking birds named for beads of shiny red material on the tips of the secondary wing feathers. All species are gray-brown, with tapering crest. The common, or Bohemian,

Ed Harris: …Show director Peter Weir in The Way Back, about a group of men who escape from a Siberian Gulag camp during World War II. He then appeared in the drama Virginia (2010), in the thriller Man on a Ledge (2012), and as Sen. John McCain in the HBO movie Game…

Ben Affleck: Roles of the 2010s and beyond: …novel by Joan Didion, and The Way Back, about an alcoholic who becomes a high-school basketball coach. He later reteamed with Damon, on Ridley Scott’s The Last Duel (2021). The medieval drama was based on a true story of a woman who accused a squire (Adam Driver) of rape, resulting…