Western sculpture: High Gothic: …in niches—figures generally known as weepers, since they often represented members of the family who might be presumed to be in mourning. Later, in the early 14th century, the first representations appear of the heavily cloaked and cowled professional mourners who were normally employed to follow the coffin in a…

capuchin monkey: albifrons), and weeper (C. nigrivittatus) capuchins, in which the crown bears a smooth, dark, and more or less pointed cap. The name black-capped capuchin has been applied to both C. apella and C. nigrivittatus.The genus Cebus belongs to the family Cebidae.

infancy: Crying is basic to infants from birth, and the cooing sounds they have begun making by about eight weeks progress to babbling and ultimately become part of meaningful speech. Virtually all infants begin to comprehend some words several months before they themselves speak their first…

Ficus: Major species: lyrata), the weeping fig (F. benjamina), and some climbing species such as the climbing fig (F. pumila) are also popular ornamentals.

forsythia: Major species: Weeping forsythia (F. suspensa), also from China, has hollow pendulous stems about 3 metres long and golden-yellow flowers. Common forsythia (F. ×intermedia), a hybrid between green-stem forsythia and weeping forsythia, has arching stems and grows up to 3 metres (10 feet) tall with bright yellow…

love grass: trichodes), and weeping love grass (E. curvula) are forage species in southern North America. Weeping love grass, native to South Africa, was introduced elsewhere as an ornamental and later was used to reclaim abandoned or eroded areas formerly under cultivation. Stink grass (E. cilianensis), a weedy, coarse…

willow: …with drooping habit are called weeping willows, especially S. babylonica and its varieties from East Asia. From northern Asia, S. matsudana has sharply toothed leaves, whitish beneath. One variety, S. matsudana tortuosa, is called corkscrew willow for its twisted branches.

Finno-Ugric religion: Cult authorities: …controller of the rites); professional weeping women (the “vocalists,” especially of the cult of the dead but also of weddings, who were the verbal expressers of the content of the ritual); and the masters of ceremonies at weddings. The shaman had many and various tasks in Arctic regions, but farther…

Apichatpong Weerasethakul is a Thai film director, writer, and installation artist whose preference for unconventional storytelling usually relegated his work to the art house. Nevertheless, his style also has been described as joyful, spontaneous, playful, unpretentious, and gentle.

Harry M. Weese was an American architect of the Chicago school who designed the subway system in Washington, D.C.—considered one of the most remarkable public works projects of the 20th century—and who played a prominent role in the planning and architecture of Chicago. Educated at the

weever, any of four species of small marine fishes of the family Trachinidae (order Perciformes). Weevers are long-bodied fishes that habitually bury themselves in the sand. They have large, upwardly slanted mouths and eyes near the top of the head. There is a sharp spine on each gill cover; these

weevil, (family Curculionidae), true weevil of the insect order Coleoptera (beetles and weevils). Curculionidae is one of the largest coleopteran families (about 40,000 species). Most weevils have long, distinctly elbowed antennae that may fold into special grooves on the snout. Many have no wings,

Buddy Holly: Legacy: …last minute; and rock band Weezer, whose song “Buddy Holly” (1994) has been called one of the greatest songs of the 1990s. Holly’s life, music, and death inspired the biopic The Buddy Holly Story (1978) and the Broadway musical Buddy: The Buddy Holly Story (1990).

Lil Wayne is an American rapper who became one of the top-selling artists in hip-hop in the early 21st century. Lil Wayne grew up in New Orleans’s impoverished 17th Ward. There he came to the attention of Cash Money Records head Bryan Williams, and he soon became a member—with Juvenile, B.G., and

World Evangelical Alliance (WEA), international fellowship of organizations that hold biblically conservative interpretations of the Christian faith. From 1846 until the mid-1900s, the World Evangelical Alliance (WEA) was primarily the venture of its founding member, the British Evangelical

Bahrain: 1999–2010: Reforms of Sheikh Hamad ibn ʿIsa Al Khalifah: The Islamist Shiʿi party al-Wefaq, known for its criticism of the Sunni-dominated government, became the largest party in the lower house that same year, though its coalition remained a few seats shy of a majority.

Bernard J. Wefers, Sr. was an American sprinter who held the world record for the 200-metre dash (straightaway; 1896–1921, though tied by five other runners) and for the 220-yard dash (straightaway; 1896–1921, also tied by the same five runners). Wefers ran for the New York Athletic Club and also

Bernard J. Wefers, Sr. was an American sprinter who held the world record for the 200-metre dash (straightaway; 1896–1921, though tied by five other runners) and for the 220-yard dash (straightaway; 1896–1921, also tied by the same five runners). Wefers ran for the New York Athletic Club and also

filling, in woven fabrics, the widthwise, or horizontal, yarns carried over and under the warp, or lengthwise, yarns and running from selvage to selvage. Filling yarns are generally made with less twist than are warp yarns because they are subjected to less strain in the weaving process and

clothing and footwear industry: Textile fabrics: Types of weft knitting are jersey, rib, purl, run resist, tuck stitch, and interlock. Types of warp knitting are tricot, milanese, and raschel simplex. The classifying is based on principles of linking the yarns in structuring the fabric.

Jakob Böhme: Writings: …Der Weg zu Christo (The Way to Christ), a small work joining nature mysticism with devotional fervour. Publication of this tract brought about the intense displeasure of Richter, who incited the populace against Böhme.

Paul Ernst: …to classicism in his essay Der Weg zur Form (1906; “The Road to Form”). His search for eternal truths led him through German idealist philosophy back to a form of Christianity that he dramatized in what he called redemption drama, best exemplified by Ariadne auf Naxos (1912).

All Quiet on the Western Front: Reception: … called Der Weg zurück (The Road Back), which was published in 1931 and also later banned by the Nazi Party.

Hermann Oberth: Oberth’s Wege zur Raumschiffahrt (1929; Ways to Spaceflight) won the first annual Robert Esnault-Pelterie–André Hirsch Prize of 10,000 francs, enabling him to finance his research on liquid-propellant rocket motors. The book anticipated by 30 years the development of electric propulsion and of the ion rocket. In 1931 Oberth received a…

Berlin ware: …was founded in 1751 by Wilhelm Kaspar Wegely, with the aid of an arcanist, Johann Benckengraff, from Höchst, and the patronage of King Frederick II the Great. Wegely gave up in 1757 after King Frederick occupied Saxony, became involved with the Meissen factory there, and withdrew his patronage from Wegely.…

granulomatosis and polyangiitis (GPA), uncommon disorder characterized by inflammation and degeneration of small blood vessels, particularly those in the lungs, kidneys, and sinuses. Granulomatosis and polyangiitis (GPA) is a form of vasculitis, a group of conditions characterized by blood vessel

Alfred Wegener was a German meteorologist and geophysicist who formulated the first complete statement of the continental drift hypothesis. The son of an orphanage director, Wegener earned a Ph.D. degree in astronomy from the University of Berlin in 1905. He had meanwhile become interested in

Alfred Wegener was a German meteorologist and geophysicist who formulated the first complete statement of the continental drift hypothesis. The son of an orphanage director, Wegener earned a Ph.D. degree in astronomy from the University of Berlin in 1905. He had meanwhile become interested in

Lili Elbe was a Danish painter who was assigned male at birth, experienced what is now called gender dysphoria, and underwent the world’s first documented sex reassignment surgery. Born Einar Wegener, Elbe lived nearly her whole life as a man. Beginning early in the first decade of the 20th

Lili Elbe was a Danish painter who was assigned male at birth, experienced what is now called gender dysphoria, and underwent the world’s first documented sex reassignment surgery. Born Einar Wegener, Elbe lived nearly her whole life as a man. Beginning early in the first decade of the 20th

plate tectonics: Supercontinent cycle: Although the Wilson cycle provided the means for recognizing the formation and destruction of ancient oceans, it did not provide a mechanism to explain why this occurred. In the early 1980s a controversial concept known as the supercontinent cycle was developed to address…

Norwegian Forest Cat, a breed of long-haired domestic cat known for its large size, strong, muscular body, and double coat of fur. The Norwegian Forest Cat originated in Norway, where it is known as a skogkatt (“forest cat”). Its thick water-resistant overcoat and woolly, insulating undercoat make

Polish literature: Didactic element in prose and poetry: …models of stylistic fluency, and Kajetan Węgierski, a freethinker and admirer of Voltaire who is notorious for his lampoons of influential personalities and fashions.

Weimaraner: …photographs and videos of artist William Wegman.

Treaty of Wehlau, (Sept. 19, 1657), agreement in which John Casimir, king of Poland from 1648 to 1668, renounced the suzerainty of the Polish crown over ducal Prussia and made Frederick William, who was the duke of Prussia as well as the elector of Brandenburg (1640–88), the duchy’s sovereign

Ulrich Wehling is a German skier who was the only three-time winner of the Nordic combined (two ski jumps totaled, plus a 15-km race) in Olympic history. In doing so, he was the first male competitor who was not a figure skater to win three consecutive gold medals in the same individual Winter

Wehrmacht, the armed forces of the Third Reich. The three primary branches of the Wehrmacht were the Heer (army), Luftwaffe (air force), and Kriegsmarine (navy). After World War I, the Treaty of Versailles abolished conscription in Germany, reduced the size of the German army to 100,000 volunteer

Wehrmacht: War crimes and the myth of the clean Wehrmacht: …the publication of Wolfram Wette’s Die Wehrmacht: Feindbilder, Vernichtungskrieg, Legenden (2002; Eng trans. The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality, 2006). Wette’s work detailed the Wehrmacht offensives on the Eastern Front, which he characterized as nothing less than a campaign of extermination against Bolsheviks, Jews, and Slavs. The upper echelons of Wehrmacht…

Wehrmacht: War crimes and the myth of the clean Wehrmacht: A 1995–99 art exhibition titled “Vernichtungskrieg. Verbrechen der Wehrmacht 1941 bis 1944” (“War of Annihilation: Crimes of the Wehrmacht 1941–44”) triggered a massive reappraisal of the role of the Wehrmacht in World War II. The controversial exhibit toured 33 cities in Germany and Austria and was viewed by more than…

China: Rise of the empress Wuhou: However, Zhongzong’s wife, the empress Wei, initiated a regime of utter corruption at court, openly selling offices. When the emperor died in 710, probably poisoned by her, she tried to establish herself as ruler as Wuhou had done before her. But Li Longji, the future Xuanzong, with the aid of…

Wei, one of the many warring states into which China was divided during the Dong (Eastern) Zhou period (770–256 bce). The state was located in what is now Shanxi province, in north-central China. Wei was originally a vassal kingdom that was annexed by the neighbouring state of Jin in 661 bce. The

weisuo: …5,600 men known as a wei. Each wei was divided into five qianhu suo of 1,120 men each, which was subdivided into 10 baihu suo of 112 men each. The head of each wei reported directly to the provincial headquarters (dusi) governed by the Ministry of War rather than to…

library: Cataloging by author and subject: …the 7th century the scholar Wei Cheng wrote the bibliographic section of the official Sui Dynasty History, dividing the books into four categories: Confucian classics, historical records, philosophical writings, and miscellaneous works.

Japanese music: Early evidence: …of the 3rd century (Wei zhi, 297 ce) does speak of the natives of Japan as singing and dancing during a funeral. That source also notes two traits well-known in Shintō today: a concern for purification and the use of hand claps in praying before a shrine.

Wei Zhongxian was a eunuch who completely dominated the Chinese government between 1624 and 1627, ruthlessly exploiting the population and terrorizing the official class. He is usually considered by historians to have been the most powerful eunuch in Chinese history. Wei’s career began as a butler

Wei dynasty, (386–534/535 ce), the longest-lived and most powerful of the northern Chinese dynasties that existed before the reunification of China under the Sui and Tang dynasties. The Wei dynasty was founded by Tabgatch (Tuoba) tribesmen who, like many of the nomads inhabiting the frontiers of

Xiaowendi was the posthumous name (shi) of the seventh emperor of the Bei (Northern) Wei dynasty (386–534/535), which dominated much of North China during part of the chaotic 360-year period between the end of the Han dynasty (206 bc–ad 220) and the founding of Sui rule (581–618). Xiaowendi

Wei River, river in Gansu and Shaanxi provinces, north-central China, a western tributary of the Huang He (Yellow River). It rises in the Niaoshu Mountains in Weiyuan county of central Gansu province and flows east, first between the north-south-trending Long Mountains and the east-west-trending

Wei River, river in Gansu and Shaanxi provinces, north-central China, a western tributary of the Huang He (Yellow River). It rises in the Niaoshu Mountains in Weiyuan county of central Gansu province and flows east, first between the north-south-trending Long Mountains and the east-west-trending

Shaanxi: Relief and drainage: This valley is a major geological trough, bounded on the south by a vast complex of faults and fractures along the base of the Qin Mountains; it is a zone of considerable seismic instability, especially vulnerable to earthquakes. The northern border of the Wei River trench…

Taoism: Official recognition of the Taoist organization: …six years later founded the Wei dynasty in the north. This resulted in official recognition of the sect by the dynasty; the celestial masters in turn expressed their spiritual approbation of the Wei’s mandate to replace the Han. Under these conditions a formal definition of the relations of organized Taoism…

Liang Chenyu: When his great actor friend Wei Liangfu developed a new, subtler, and quieter style of dramatic singing, he asked Liang to create a showcase for his new style. Liang complied by writing the Huanshaji (“Washing the Silken Gauze”), a kunqu drama that initiated the type of theatre that was to…

Liang Chenyu: When his great actor friend Wei Liangfu developed a new, subtler, and quieter style of dramatic singing, he asked Liang to create a showcase for his new style. Liang complied by writing the Huanshaji (“Washing the Silken Gauze”), a kunqu drama that initiated the type of theatre that was to…

Wiman Chinese general, or possibly a Korean in Chinese service, who took advantage of the confusion that existed around the time of the founding of the Han dynasty in China to usurp the throne of the Korean state of Chosŏn. He moved the capital to the present-day site of P’yŏngyang on the Taedong

Wei Mengbian was a Chinese mechanical engineer. He devised numerous wheeled vehicles, including a type of odometer and a south-pointing carriage. He also built a wagon mill in which rotation of the wheels drove a set of millstones and hammers that automatically processed grain. His mechanisms

Wei Mengbian was a Chinese mechanical engineer. He devised numerous wheeled vehicles, including a type of odometer and a south-pointing carriage. He also built a wagon mill in which rotation of the wheels drove a set of millstones and hammers that automatically processed grain. His mechanisms

Wei River, river in Gansu and Shaanxi provinces, north-central China, a western tributary of the Huang He (Yellow River). It rises in the Niaoshu Mountains in Weiyuan county of central Gansu province and flows east, first between the north-south-trending Long Mountains and the east-west-trending

Henan: Transportation: The Wei of northeastern Henan, flowing north into the Hai system, has been joined by the People’s Victory Canal to the Huang He. In 1964–65 it was successfully dredged in an experiment aimed at deepening the riverbed and so increasing flow and reducing waterlogging.

Shaanxi: Relief and drainage: This valley is a major geological trough, bounded on the south by a vast complex of faults and fractures along the base of the Qin Mountains; it is a zone of considerable seismic instability, especially vulnerable to earthquakes. The northern border of the Wei River trench…

History of film: Taiwan: …in the 21st century was Wei Te-Sheng, who helmed the blockbuster Hai-kak chhit-ho (2008; Cape No. 7). His historical drama Sai de ke Ba lai (2011; Warriors of the Rainbow: Seediq Bale) was released in two parts. Popular movies included Doze Niu’s gangster film Bang-kah (2010; Monga), Giddens Ko’s romance…

Wei To, in Chinese and Japanese Buddhism, a popular protector of the faith and the general-in-chief under the lokapalas, the regents of the four quarters. From about the 7th century ce his images have been set up facing the main sanctuary of a temple. He is generally represented both in China and

Cao Pi was the founder of the short-lived Wei dynasty (ad 220–265/266) during the Sanguo (Three Kingdoms) period of Chinese history. The son of the great general and warlord Cao Cao of the Han dynasty (206 bc–ad 220), Cao Pi succeeded his father as king of Wei upon the latter’s death in 220. At the

Shang Yang was a Chinese statesman and thinker whose successful reorganization of the state of Qin paved the way for the eventual unification of the Chinese empire by the Qin dynasty (221–207 bce). Shang Yang believed that the integrity of a state could be maintained only with power and that power

Wei Yuan was a historian and geographer of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12). Wei was a leader in the Statecraft school, which attempted to combine traditional scholarly knowledge with practical experience to find workable solutions to the problems plaguing the Chinese government. In 1826 he

Wei Yuan was a historian and geographer of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12). Wei was a leader in the Statecraft school, which attempted to combine traditional scholarly knowledge with practical experience to find workable solutions to the problems plaguing the Chinese government. In 1826 he

Japanese music: Early evidence: …of the 3rd century (Wei zhi, 297 ce) does speak of the natives of Japan as singing and dancing during a funeral. That source also notes two traits well-known in Shintō today: a concern for purification and the use of hand claps in praying before a shrine.

Wei Zhongxian was a eunuch who completely dominated the Chinese government between 1624 and 1627, ruthlessly exploiting the population and terrorizing the official class. He is usually considered by historians to have been the most powerful eunuch in Chinese history. Wei’s career began as a butler

go, board game for two players. Of East Asian origin, it is popular in China, Korea, and especially Japan, the country with which it is most closely identified. Go, probably the world’s oldest board game, is thought to have originated in China some 4,000 years ago. According to some sources, this

Weifang, city, east-central Shandong sheng (province), eastern China. It is situated on the main route along the northern slopes of the Shandong Hills at the northern end of the central plain. The locality is watered by the Wei and Jiaolai rivers, which divide the Mount Tai complex to the west from

Weihai, port city, eastern Shandong sheng (province), eastern China. It lies on the north coast of the Shandong Peninsula. Until the 14th century Weihai was no more than a minor fishing village, but in 1398, as part of the coastal defense policy against the raids of Japanese pirates, it became a

weisuo, (Chinese: “guard post”), any of the military garrison units utilized by China’s Ming dynasty (1368–1644) to maintain peace throughout its empire. Originally developed by the preceding Yuan (or Mongol) dynasty (1206–1368), the system consisted of a guard unit of 5,600 men known as a wei.

Wei To, in Chinese and Japanese Buddhism, a popular protector of the faith and the general-in-chief under the lokapalas, the regents of the four quarters. From about the 7th century ce his images have been set up facing the main sanctuary of a temple. He is generally represented both in China and

Qian Zhongshu: …short stories; and Weicheng (1947; Fortress Besieged), a novel. Although it was widely translated, Qian’s novel did not receive much recognition in China until the late 1970s. It became a best-seller in China in the 1980s and was made into a television drama series in 1991.

Chinese painting: Three Kingdoms (220–280) and Six Dynasties (220–589): A descendant of his, Weichi Yiseng, painted frescoes in the temples of Chang’an using a thick impasto (a thick application of pigment) and a brush line that was “tight and strong like bending iron or coiling wire.” Those foreign techniques caused much comment among the Chinese but seem to…

Weichsel Glacial Stage, major division of late Pleistocene deposits and time in western Europe (the Pleistocene Epoch began about 2.6 million years ago and ended about 11,700 years ago). The Weichsel Glacial Stage followed the Eemian Interglacial Stage and marks the last major incursion of

Connecticut: Political, economic, and social maturation: Lowell Weicker, Jr., a former Republican U.S. senator, won the 1990 gubernatorial election as an independent. He was followed in that office by several Republicans, who retained the governorship into the early 21st century.

Franz Weidenreich was a German anatomist and physical anthropologist whose reconstruction of prehistoric human remains and work on Peking man (then called Sinanthropus pekinensis) and other hominids brought him to preeminence in the study of human evolution. Weidenreich received his M.D. from the

medal: Germany and Austria: Christoph Weiditz produced numerous Augsburg medals and with Schwarz showed the greatest sensitivity in capturing individual character in his portraits. Friedrich Hagenauer, active in Munich and in Augsburg (1527–32), produced more than 230 medals. In Nürnberg, Matthes Gebel (active 1525–54) and his follower Joachim Deschler…

Charles Weidman was a major innovator of American modern dance, noted for the abstract, rhythmic pantomime he developed and employed in his comic and satiric works. Weidman became interested in dance after seeing Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn perform, and after studying with Elinor Frampton in

Charles Weidman was a major innovator of American modern dance, noted for the abstract, rhythmic pantomime he developed and employed in his comic and satiric works. Weidman became interested in dance after seeing Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn perform, and after studying with Elinor Frampton in

uniform convergence: …Henrik Abel (1802–29), and the Weierstrass M-test, devised by German mathematician Karl Weierstrass (1815–97).

Karl Weierstrass was a German mathematician, one of the founders of the modern theory of functions. His domineering father sent him to the University of Bonn at age 19 to study law and finance in preparation for a position in the Prussian civil service. Weierstrass pursued four years of intensive

Karl Weierstrass was a German mathematician, one of the founders of the modern theory of functions. His domineering father sent him to the University of Bonn at age 19 to study law and finance in preparation for a position in the Prussian civil service. Weierstrass pursued four years of intensive

Weifang, city, east-central Shandong sheng (province), eastern China. It is situated on the main route along the northern slopes of the Shandong Hills at the northern end of the central plain. The locality is watered by the Wei and Jiaolai rivers, which divide the Mount Tai complex to the west from

Helene Weigel was an Austrian actress and stage director who, with her husband, Bertolt Brecht, in 1949 established the Berliner Ensemble theatre group in what was then East Berlin. Weigel was born into an assimilated Jewish family during the last decades of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. With the

Weigela, genus with about 10 species of East Asian flowering shrubs belonging to the family Diervillaceae, some widely grown as ornamentals for their spring and summer flowers. The tubular, white to red blossoms are borne on upright shrubs to 4 metres (13 feet) tall. Most species of Weigela are

Weigela, genus with about 10 species of East Asian flowering shrubs belonging to the family Diervillaceae, some widely grown as ornamentals for their spring and summer flowers. The tubular, white to red blossoms are borne on upright shrubs to 4 metres (13 feet) tall. Most species of Weigela are

Annuities are one way you can set up regular income and sidestep a few money worries in retirement. But they typically come with high fees and hidden risks. Key Points When you buy an annuity, you’re essentially buying a contractual promise from the issuer—typically an insurance company—to send you

weight, gravitational force of attraction on an object, caused by the presence of a massive second object, such as the Earth or Moon. Weight is a consequence of the universal law of gravitation: any two objects, because of their masses, attract each other with a force that is directly proportional

boxing: Weight divisions: …brought about the formation of weight divisions other than the heavyweight class to eliminate the handicap of smaller contestants’ having to concede excessive weight to their opponents. Some of these weight divisions originated in the United States, others in Great Britain.

boxing: Weight divisions: …brought about the formation of weight divisions other than the heavyweight class to eliminate the handicap of smaller contestants’ having to concede excessive weight to their opponents. Some of these weight divisions originated in the United States, others in Great Britain.

weightlifting, sport in which barbells are lifted competitively or as an exercise. For other activities using weights but distinct from weightlifting, see weight training, bodybuilding, and powerlifting. Weightlifting has a lengthy history. For many prehistoric tribes, the traditional test of

Anne Michaels: Early life and poetry: Her first collection, The Weight of Oranges, won the 1986 Commonwealth Prize for the Americas. The Weight of Oranges combines an exploration of the sensual body and its experience of the natural world with the nature of memory and of a past that is haunted by the Holocaust.…

Miranda Lambert: In addition, The Weight of These Wings (2016) was her fifth recording to win ACM album of the year. She also received praise for the country-rock Wildcard (2019), which later was awarded the Grammy for best country album, and for Palomino (2022). During this time the Pistol…

Sarah Polley: …films, such as Kathryn Bigelow’s The Weight of Water (2000), Michael Winterbottom’s The Claim (2000), and Hal Hartley’s No Such Thing (2001). After starring in Zack Snyder’s hit zombie movie Dawn of the Dead (2004) and Wim Wenders’s Don’t Come Knocking (2005), she costarred with Gerard Butler and Stellan Skarsgård…

dog sports: Carting, weight pulling, and dogsled racing: Carting and weight-pulling events are strength-measuring competitions that require a dog to pull a cart or sled, often loaded with weights, across a short course of gravel, grass, carpet, or snow. Some animal rights organizations have condemned the contests. Timed dogsled races—in which a team of dogs…

weight throw, sport of throwing a weight for distance or height. Men have long matched strength and skill at hurling objects. The roth cleas, or wheel feat, reputedly was a major test of the ancient Tailteann Games in Ireland. The competition consisted of various methods of throwing: from shoulder

weight training, system of physical conditioning using free weights (barbells and dumbbells) and weight machines (e.g., Nautilus-type equipment). It is a training system rather than a competitive sport such as Olympic weightlifting or powerlifting. There is evidence of weight training even in

Heinz: 1960s–2010s: Global expansion: Weight Watchers International, Inc. in 1978, a producer of low-calorie meals whose weight-loss program eventually became the largest of its kind in the United States. Milnot Holdings in 1982, maker of evaporated milk under the Milnot and Pet Milk labels. Heinz U.K. in 1996, with…

anorexia nervosa: …individual to maintain a normal body weight. A person with anorexia nervosa typically weighs no more than 85 percent of the expected weight for the person’s age, height, and sex, and in some cases much less. In addition, persons with anorexia nervosa have a distorted evaluation of their own weight…