children’s literature: Russia/Soviet Union: …finest teenage novels, Vadim Frolov’s Chto k chemu (Eng. trans., What It’s All About, 1965), is quite untouched by dogma of any kind. Soviet children’s literature, and especially its vast body of popularized science and technology for the young, however, was in general governed by the ideals of socialist realism,…

Robert Goulet: …and a hit single, “What Kind of Fool Am I,” and that year he won the Grammy Award for best new artist. He placed 15 more albums on the charts by the end of the decade.

Volatility and uncertainty are part of everyday life. Take the weather, for example. If your local meteorologist forecasts heavy rain, you don’t leave the house without an umbrella. And if the forecast calls for violent weather—a hailstorm or tornado, for example—you might not leave the house at

It is widely agreed among historians that Jesus primarily spoke Aramaic, the common language of Palestine and Syria. By the 6th century bce, Aramaic had largely replaced Hebrew as the everyday language of Jews, while Hebrew remained in use for religious and scholarly purposes. As a Galilean from

Michelle Pfeiffer: …Innocence (1993), Dangerous Minds (1995), What Lies Beneath (2000), Hairspray (2007), and Dark Shadows (2012). After starring in the crime drama The Family (2013), Pfeiffer took a break from acting, but she returned with a myriad of films in 2017. That year she appeared in The Wizard of Lies, an…

Julianne Moore: Movies of the early 21st century: …Game Change before starring in What Maisie Knew, a modern-day adaptation of the Henry James novel. Her later films included the dramedy The English Teacher (2013); Carrie (2013), a horror film based on Stephen King’s classic novel; Non-Stop (2014), an action thriller set on an airplane; and The Hunger

What Maisie Knew, novel by Henry James, published in 1897. Set mostly in England, the novel is related from the perspective of Maisie, a preadolescent whose parents were divorced when she was six years old and who spends six months of the year with each parent. The only emotional constant in

Budd Schulberg: That work, What Makes Sammy Run? (1941), about an unprincipled motion-picture studio mogul, was a great success.

Taraji P. Henson: …can hear men’s thoughts in What Men Want (2019), a remake of the comedy What Women Want (2000). Later in 2019 she appeared in The Best of Enemies, portraying civil rights activist Ann Atwater, who developed an unlikely friendship with C.P. Ellis, a leader of the Ku Klux Klan.

Hermann Sudermann: , What Money Cannot Buy), first performed in Berlin on Nov. 27, 1889, was a milestone in the naturalist movement, although to later critics it seemed a rather trite and slick treatment of class conflicts in Berlin. Heimat (performed 1893; Eng. trans., Magda) carried his fame…

Joy Harjo: Poetry and other writing: Harjo’s other poetry collections include What Moon Drove Me to This? (1979); Secrets from the Center of the World (1989), prose poetry, with photographs by Stephen Strom; In Mad Love and War (1990), the winner of a 1991 American Book Award; Fishing (1992); A Map to the Next World: Poetry…

Toni Morrison: Nonfiction works and children’s books: …and speeches were collected in What Moves at the Margin: Selected Nonfiction (2008; edited by Carolyn C. Denard) and The Source of Self-Regard: Selected Essays, Speeches, and Meditations (2019). She and her son Slade Morrison cowrote a number of children’s books, including the Who’s Got Game? series, The Book of…

Chris Burden: …Burden’s noteworthy public installations included What My Dad Gave Me (2008; displayed at Rockefeller Center, New York City, for about a year), a 65-foot (20-metre) skyscraper he built from Erector set parts, and Urban Light (2008), a permanent—and now iconic—installation of some 200 restored antique lampposts outside the Los Angeles…

Mike Nichols: Middle years: Silkwood, Working Girl, and The Birdcage: What Planet Are You From? (2000) was a critical and commercial disappointment. The uneven sci-fi comedy starred Garry Shandling (who coscripted) as an alien who travels to Earth tasked with finding a woman he can impregnate; others in the cast included Bening, Greg Kinnear, Ben…

Maxwell Anderson: …the World War I comedy What Price Glory? (1924), his first hit, a realistically ribald and profane view of World War I. Saturday’s Children (1927), about the marital problems of a young couple, was also very successful. Anderson’s prestige was increased by two ambitious historical dramas in verse—Elizabeth the Queen…

George Cukor: Early life and work: There he made What Price Hollywood? (1932), which established the template for William Wellman’s A Star Is Born (1937) and its remakes (including Cukor’s 1954 version). Constance Bennett starred as a waitress who rises to acting stardom while her alcoholic mentor plummets into disgrace. A Bill of Divorcement…

German literature: After reunification: …Wolf’s narrative Was bleibt (1990; What Remains) had unleashed a violent controversy about the form and function of reflections on the East German past. The subject of the story was Wolf’s reactions to surveillance by the East German state security police. Some readers saw the tale as a self-serving portrayal…

Marxism: Lenin: …oni voyuyut protiv Sotsial-Demokratov? (What the “Friends of the People” Are, and How They Fight the Social-Democrats), Lenin took up Marx’s distinction between “material social relations” and “ideological social relations.” In Lenin’s eyes the importance of Das Kapital was that “while explaining the structure and the development of the…

Joe Orton: Sloane (1964), Loot (1965), and What the Butler Saw (produced posthumously, 1969), were outrageous and unconventional black comedies that scandalized audiences with their examination of moral corruption, violence, and sexual rapacity. Orton’s writing was marked by epigrammatic wit and an incongruous polish, his characters reacting with comic propriety to the…

Malcolm Gladwell: Books: …Ron Popeil, into the collection What the Dog Saw, and Other Adventures (2009).

Charles Simic: Simic’s first volume of poetry, What the Grass Says (1967), was well received; critics noted that his imagery drew on rural and European subjects rather than those of his adopted country. Among Simic’s many subsequent poetry collections are Somewhere Among Us a Stone Is Taking Notes (1969), Dismantling the Silence…

Amy Clampitt: What the Light Was Like (1985), also highly praised, contains several poems about death, including two elegies to her brother, who had died in 1981 and to whom the work was dedicated. Literary critics commented on the ease and certainty with which Clampitt employed literary…

Retirement plans aren’t usually associated with “exciting developments,” but the updated SECURE Act introduced changes to help support individuals at different stages of their financial journeys. Younger workers just starting out, older savers planning for retirement, and families juggling

Derek Walcott: The essays in What the Twilight Says (1998) are literary criticism. They examine such subjects as the intersection of literature and politics and the art of translation.

Hilary Swank: …progressing dementia in the drama What They Had (2018). In 2019 she appeared in the sci-fi thriller I Am Mother, which centers on a girl who begins to have doubts about the maternal robot raising her, and the following year in The Hunt, a controversial satire in which conservatives are…

History of film: Taiwan: …nei pien chi tien (2001; What Time Is It There?).

Leo Slezak: …American actor, wrote an autobiography, What Time’s the Next Swan? (1962). The title refers to his father’s famous ad-lib in Richard Wagner’s Lohengrin, when the boat drawn by a swan moved offstage without him.

In 1881 National Woman Suffrage Association founders Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Matilda Joslyn Gage published History of Woman Suffrage. Through newspaper articles, letters, and other related materials, the women endeavored to document the 30-year history of the women’s suffrage

Are you the type who wants the latest and greatest in automobile technology, and price is a secondary consideration? If so, you may have crunched the numbers, weighed the pros and cons of leasing versus buying a car, and opted to lease. Now it’s time to put the pedal to the metal, right? Hold your

Jennifer Lopez: Marriage to Marc Anthony and American Idol: Lopez subsequently appeared in What to Expect When You’re Expecting (2012), an ensemble comedy about parenting. In the thrillers Parker (2013) and The Boy Next Door (2015), she played, respectively, a divorced businesswoman who takes part in a heist and a woman who is drawn into a romance with…

Whether you’re excited about artificial intelligence (AI), frightened by it, or a little bit of both—you may be wondering how AI is regulated, and whether regulators are keeping up with the rapid pace of advancement. Regulation matters for all stakeholders of an AI system, whether you’re an

When you’re investing, taking risks can bring rewards—or losses. Inverse and leveraged exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are very risky investments that can amplify returns but can compound losses if the markets go against you. Inverse and leveraged ETFs are niche trading vehicles for short-term

Barbie: Awards: …song, the winner being “What Was I Made For?”—composed by Billie Eilish and Finneas O’Connell and performed by Eilish. The film also won the Golden Globe for cinematic and box office achievement (a new category for the 2024 awards ceremony).

Fitz-James O’Brien: …a drop of water; “What Was It?” in which a man is attacked by a thing he apprehends with every sense but sight; and “The Wondersmith,” in which robots are fashioned only to turn upon their creators. These three stories appeared in periodicals in 1858 and 1859.

On February 25, 2020, a top official at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention decided it was time to level with the U.S. public about the COVID-19 outbreak. At the time, there were just 57 people in the country confirmed to have the infection, all but 14 having been repatriated from Hubei

Taika Waititi: Flight of the Conchords and What We Do in the Shadows: …producer for the TV series What We Do in the Shadows (2019–24) and directed several episodes; the series was nominated for an Emmy Award in 2020.

Italian literature: Fiction at the turn of the 21st century: What We Don’t Know About Children, or A Game We Play) opens a disturbing window onto the perverse and ultimately deadly private world of a group of children abandoned by their families to their own devices. Carlo Lucarelli’s thriller Almost Blue (1997; the original and…

Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance): …of Raymond Carver’s short story “What We Talk About When We Talk About Love.” The film draws viewers behind the scenes of the fraught production and into Thomson’s mind. The character of Birdman taunts Thomson whenever he is alone, and Thomson exhibits magical powers under Birdman’s influence, but it is…

Nancy Meyers: Meyers next wrote and helmed What Women Want (2000), which featured Mel Gibson as a chauvinistic advertising executive who develops the ability to read women’s minds after an accident. While the romantic comedy received mixed reviews, it was popular with moviegoers and cemented Meyers’s position as a major player in…

Philip Levine: …in 1991 for his collection What Work Is, an honor that may have partly inspired the backward look that he achieved in The Bread of Time: Toward an Autobiography (1994, reissued 2001), a series of autobiographical essays that one critic called both elegant and tough-minded. Among his later books of…

Carolyn Forché: …2019 she published the autobiography What You Have Heard Is True: A Memoir of Witness and Resistance.

A deferred annuity offers a way to save for the future while building cash value over time. Premiums paid into the annuity grow to provide a predictable income stream during retirement, offering financial security for those looking to lock in stable payments later in life. But accessing your funds

Sherman Alexie: Literary career: …writing, and the story “What You Pawn I Will Redeem”—published first in The New Yorker in 2003 and later in the collection Ten Little Indians (2003)—also won prizes.

They say nothing in life is certain except death and taxes. But the amount you pay in taxes is anything but certain. There’s this big table of rates and income levels. The IRS uses confusing jargon such as marginal tax rates and income tax brackets. And what’s the difference between heads of

What’s Bred in the Bone, novel by Robertson Davies, published in 1985 as the second volume of his so-called Cornish trilogy. The other books in the trilogy are The Rebel Angels (1981) and The Lyre of Orpheus (1988). Two angels narrate this story about the mysterious life of a famous art collector

the Andrews Sisters: …which included Private Buckaroo (1942), What’s Cookin’? (1942), and Swingtime Johnny (1943). The trio’s many hits from these years included “Hold Tight,” “Don’t Sit Under the Apple Tree,” “Rum and Coca-Cola,” “Beer Barrel Polka,” and “Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive.” Their recorded performances were heard in the sound tracks of numerous movies,…

Leonardo DiCaprio: This Boy’s Life and What’s Eating Gilbert Grape?: …and for his next film, What’s Eating Gilbert Grape (1993), he received an Academy Award nomination for best supporting actor for his realistic portrayal of a teenager with an intellectual disability. The film also starred Johnny Depp as the older brother.

Marvin Gaye: What’s Going On was a critical and commercial sensation in spite of the fact that Gordy, fearing its political content (and its stand against the Vietnam War), had argued against its release. It included the chart-topping singles “What’s Going On,” “Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology),”…

Martin Lawrence: …role on the TV series What’s Happening Now!! (1985–88). Lawrence eventually earned small roles in several films, including Do the Right Thing (1989); House Party (1990) and House Party 2 (1991), with his former coworkers Kid ’n Play; and Boomerang (1992). He served as host of the cable television program…

Angela Bassett: …of singer Tina Turner in What’s Love Got to Do with It (1993) received critical and popular praise, and she was nominated for an Academy Award for best actress and won a Golden Globe for best actress in a motion picture musical or comedy. Movies such as the highly acclaimed…

Tina Turner: …female vocal performance for “What’s Love Got to Do with It.” The single became Turner’s signature song. She followed her musical success with a role in the film Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome (1985). Later albums included Break Every Rule (1986), Foreign Affair (1989), and Wildest Dreams (1996). Her greatest-hits…

Lily James: Pam & Tommy and other roles from the 2020s: …starred in the romantic comedy What’s Love Got to Do with It? (2022). The following year she appeared onstage with Kristin Scott Thomas in Lyonesse at the Harold Pinter Theatre, London.

Bennett Cerf: …the popular television show “What’s My Line?” (1952–68).

Ringo Starr: Solo career: music, acting, and photography: …Give More Love (2017), and What’s My Name (2019). In 2025 Starr returned to the country genre with Look Up, which was critically acclaimed.

Woody Allen: Youth and early work: …the screenplay for the film What’s New, Pussycat? (1965), in which he also appeared. Allen made his first film, What’s Up, Tiger Lily? (1966), by redubbing a James Bond-like Japanese action film, International Secret Police: Key of Keys (1965), and shifting its focus to the pursuit of a top-secret recipe…

Bugs Bunny: What’s Opera, Doc? (1957)—an animated masterpiece which cast Bugs and Elmer Fudd in the roles of Brunhild and Siegfried in a hilariously tweaked adaptation of Richard Wagner’s The Ring of the Nibelung—was the first cartoon short to be inducted into the National Film Registry of…

George Seaton: Later films: … and Eva Marie Saint, and What’s So Bad About Feeling Good? (1968) was a whimsical comedy featuring George Peppard and Mary Tyler Moore.

Mary J. Blige: Music career: …of her first solo album, What’s the 411?, produced primarily by rapper Sean (“Puffy”) Combs (Diddy). That album reveals the pain of Blige’s childhood while presenting a unique sound that mixed classic soul with hip-hop and urban contemporary R&B, redefining soul music and influencing a generation of artists. The album…

When considering tax-advantaged retirement plans, two majors come to mind: the individual retirement account (IRA) and the 401(k) plan. Key Points If your employer offers a 401(k), how do you decide if you should participate in it versus contributing to your own IRA? Although there are many

The relationship between a symphony and an orchestra is that the orchestra is the ensemble that performs the symphony. While a symphony is a type of musical composition, the orchestra is the group of musicians that brings it to life. A symphony is a large-scale musical composition, typically

Day trading and swing trading are two distinct styles of market speculation that aim to profit from short-term market movements. It really boils down to two things: A day trade can last from mere seconds to hours, while a swing trade can last from days to a few weeks. Key Points What accounts for

In short: hornets are wasps, but not all wasps are hornets. Wasps are a diverse group of insects with over 100,000 species, many of which are solitary rather than social. They can be found in a variety of habitats and have a wide range of behaviors. Some wasps are parasitoids, laying their eggs in

Most people are generally familiar with moths and butterflies. You might recognize a beautiful butterfly in a garden and avoid the erratic moths circling your porch light at night. But what about that whitish blur fluttering around during the day? Or that large fuzzy beauty you just spied on a

Stars are essentially cosmic furnaces, burning bright and hot due to nuclear fusion reactions occurring in their cores. This process involves the fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium, releasing a tremendous amount of energy in the form of light and heat. Stars, such as the Sun, are the celestial

While river otters and sea otters might appear similar at first glance, the two exhibit many striking differences beyond their aquatic habitats. Although the term sea otter refers to only one species—Enhydra lutris—river otter applies to multiple species in the genus Lontra, which includes the

With an area of almost 3,800,000 square miles (9,840,000 square km), the United States is the fourth largest country in the world. Although its 50 states vary widely in size, one is by far the biggest: Alaska. At 665,384 square miles (1,723,337 square km), it is more than double the size of the

Happy hour is an American tradition in which people gather at a local bar or restaurant (more or less between 3:00 and 6:00 pm) for discounted alcoholic beverages and appetizers. For many, it is also a time to congregate with friends or coworkers and have fun before going home after a hard day’s

The “yield curve” might sound like something you learned and forgot about in driver’s ed, but it’s actually an important part of understanding the bond market, borrowing costs, and the broader economy. The yield curve might even tell you when the next recession is coming. Yield curves track

Peter Bogdanovich: Films: What’s Up, Doc? (1972) was less impressive though still a commercial hit. A sometimes strained tribute to Hawks’s Bringing Up Baby (1938), it starred Ryan O’Neal as a musicology professor who lugs around a suitcase full of prehistoric rocks and Barbra Streisand as the madcap…

Woody Allen: Youth and early work: Allen made his first film, What’s Up, Tiger Lily? (1966), by redubbing a James Bond-like Japanese action film, International Secret Police: Key of Keys (1965), and shifting its focus to the pursuit of a top-secret recipe for egg salad. A year later Allen played Bond’s nephew in Casino Royale. In…

Ashutosh Gowariker: Later works: …out into romantic comedy with What’s Your Raashee? (“What’s Your Sun Sign?”), starring Priyanka Chopra Jonas, and in 2010 he returned to period films with the thriller Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey (“We Play With Passion”), set in the 1930s. The film starred Deepika Padukone and Abhishek Bachchan and was…

whataboutism, the rhetorical practice of responding to an accusation or difficult question by making a counteraccusation, by asking a different but related question, or by raising a different issue altogether. Whataboutism often serves to reduce the perceived plausibility or seriousness of the

whataboutism, the rhetorical practice of responding to an accusation or difficult question by making a counteraccusation, by asking a different but related question, or by raising a different issue altogether. Whataboutism often serves to reduce the perceived plausibility or seriousness of the

Richard Whately was an Anglican archbishop of Dublin, educator, logician, and social reformer. The son of a clergyman, Whately was educated at Oriel College, Oxford, and took holy orders. While at Oxford, he wrote his satiric Historic Doubts Relative to Napoleon Bonaparte (1819), in which he

Michel Houellebecq: Writing career and books: …but translated in English as Whatever; film 1999), it features an unnamed computer technician. This book brought him a wider audience. He then published another volume of poetry, the bleak Le Sens du combat (1996; The Art of Struggle).

André Maurois: …Quesnay (1926) and Climats (1928; Whatever Gods May Be), focus on middle-class provincial life, marriage, and the family. As a historian he demonstrated his interest in the English-speaking world with his popular histories: Histoire de l’Angleterre (1937; “History of England”) and Histoire des États-Unis (1943; “History of the United States”).…

Vanessa Redgrave: Movies of the 1980s and ’90s: … (1990), and Blanche Hudson in What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1991), a remake of the Bette Davis–Joan Crawford film, in which Redgrave costarred with her sister, Lynn. She received a sixth Oscar nomination for her work in Howards End (1992).

Robert Coover: Books: Among his other works are Whatever Happened to Gloomy Gus of the Chicago Bears? (1987), which casts Nixon as a simpleminded and lascivious football player during the 1930s in a work that skewers the superficial 20th-century notions of the American Dream; Pinocchio in Venice (1991); John’s Wife (1996); Ghost Town…

Henry Cavill: The Tudors and films of the early 2010s: …and the Woody Allen comedy Whatever Works (2009). After The Tudors Cavill proved his skill as an action star, playing Greek hero Theseus in Immortals (2011) and the son of a CIA agent (played by Bruce Willis) in The Cold Light of Day (2012).

Olympic Games: Mascots: The strangest mascot was Whatizit, or Izzy, of the 1996 Games in Atlanta, Georgia, a rather amorphous “abstract fantasy figure.” His name comes from people asking “What is it?” He gained more features as the months went by, but his uncertain character and origins contrast strongly with the Athena…

whatnot, series of open shelves supported by two or four upright posts. The passion for collecting and displaying ornamental objects that began in the 18th century and was widespread in the 19th stimulated the production in England and the United States of this whimsically named piece of furniture.

WhatsApp, free messaging application owned by Meta (formerly Facebook). Users can send text and voice messages on the platform or communicate live via voice or video chat. WhatsApp also supports location and image sharing. The service is primarily used on mobile phones, as it requires a mobile

immune system disorder: Type I allergic reactions: Called a wheal-and-flare reaction, it includes swelling, produced by the release of serum into the tissues (wheal), and redness of the skin, resulting from the dilation of blood vessels (flare). If the injected antigen enters the bloodstream and interacts with basophils in the blood as well as…

wheat, any of several species of cereal grasses of the genus Triticum (family Poaceae) and their edible grains. Wheat is one of the oldest and most important of the cereal crops. Of the thousands of varieties known, the most important are common wheat (Triticum aestivum), used to make bread; durum

Wheat Belt, principal crop-growing region of Western Australia, occupying about 60,000 square miles (160,000 square km) in the southwestern section of the state. Served by the Perth-Albany Railway, the crescent-shaped belt is delineated on the west by a line drawn from Geraldton south through

Wheat Belt, the part of the North American Great Plains where wheat is the dominant crop. The belt extends along a north-south axis for more than 1,500 miles (2,400 km) from central Alberta, Canada, to central Texas, U.S. It is subdivided into winter wheat and spring wheat areas. The southern area,

bran: Wheat bran, the most widely processed, contains 16 percent protein, 11 percent natural fibre, and 50 percent carbohydrate. Most bran is coarsely ground for stock feed. In a more refined form, it is used in breakfast cereal, breads, and muffins for its value to the…

bread, baked food product made of flour or meal that is moistened, kneaded, and sometimes fermented. A major food since prehistoric times, it has been made in various forms using a variety of ingredients and methods throughout the world. The first bread was made in Neolithic times, nearly 12,000

cereal farming: Insects: …evidence of attacks from the wheat bug (Aelia and Eurygaster species). The eggs are laid in the spring, and the new generation appears in the summer. When the wheat is harvested, the bugs leave the stubble field and migrate to nearby foliage for the winter. Wheat bugs puncture the grain…

Wheat Field with Crows, oil painting by Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh. It is among the most famous and most emotionally evocative of his oeuvre, and its interpretation has been intensely debated. This is one of van Gogh’s final pictures. It was painted in Auvers in July 1890, shortly before his

Jacob van Ruisdael: 1668–70; Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam), Wheat Fields (c. 1670; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City), and his numerous views of Haarlem—display panoramas of the flat Dutch countryside. The horizon is invariably low and distant and dominated by a vast, clouded sky. Sometimes the small figures in his pictures were…

cereal processing: Flaked cereals: The manufacture of wheat flakes is similar to that of corn flakes. Special machinery separates the individual grains so that they can be flaked and finally toasted.

Rice Mother: …the last sheaf is designated Wheat Mother, Barley Mother, and other grain names).

Denver: Thornton, Westminster, and Wheat Ridge; Golden, about 12 miles (19 km) west of Denver, and Boulder, about 25 miles (40 km) northwest, are also part of the metropolitan region. Greater Denver is at the centre of a string of urban areas that stretches along the Front Range from…

Wheat Belt, principal crop-growing region of Western Australia, occupying about 60,000 square miles (160,000 square km) in the southwestern section of the state. Served by the Perth-Albany Railway, the crescent-shaped belt is delineated on the west by a line drawn from Geraldton south through

wheatear, (genus Oenanthe), any of a group of approximately 20 species of thrushes belonging to the family Muscicapidae. (Some classifications place these birds in family Turdidae.) They resemble wagtails in having pied plumage and the tail-wagging habit (with body bobbing). Wheatears are about 15

wheatgrass, (genus Agropyron), genus of wheatlike grasses in the family Poaceae, found throughout the North Temperate Zone. Several species, including desert wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum) and crested wheatgrass (A. cristatum), are good forage plants and are often used as soil binders in the

wheatgrass: Wheatgrass is also the name of juice derived from seedlings of true wheat (Triticum aestivum), sometimes consumed as a health food.

James Buchanan: Retirement: …(March 4), Buchanan retired to Wheatland, his home near Lancaster. His reputation suffered during his years in retirement. Congress, the Republican Party, President Lincoln, the U.S. military, and national newspapers all ridiculed his handling of the Fort Sumter crisis and his failure to prevent the secession of Southern states. The…

John Wheatley was a British Labourite politician and a champion of the working classes. Educated in village schools in Lanarkshire, Scot., Wheatley worked in the coal mines until 1891. After serving two years on the Lanarkshire county council, he was elected to the Glasgow city council in 1912. He