Chen Kaige: …first film, Huang tudi (1984; Yellow Earth), won critical acclaim. It tells the story of a communist soldier who visits a village to collect old songs. This film was followed the next year by Dayuebing (The Big Parade), which depicts young soldiers training for a military parade in Beijing. Haizi…

John Sayles: …to fiction with the novel Yellow Earth (2020), which examines the effects of a fracking oil boom on a small North Dakota town and a nearby Native American reservation.

Huangdi, third of ancient China’s mythological emperors, a culture hero and patron saint of Daoism. Huangdi is reputed to have been born about 2704 bc and to have begun his rule as emperor in 2697. His legendary reign is credited with the introduction of wooden houses, carts, boats, the bow and

Taoism: Taoist contributions to Chinese science: …earliest surviving medical book, the Huangdineijing, or “The Yellow Emperor’s Esoteric Classic” (c. 3rd century bce), presents itself as the teachings of a legendary Celestial Master addressed to the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi).

Axel Hugo Teodor Theorell: …pure sample of the “old yellow enzyme,” which is instrumental in the oxidative interconversion of sugars by the cell. Theorell found that the enzyme is composed of two parts: a nonprotein coenzyme—the yellow riboflavine (vitamin B2) phosphate—and a protein apoenzyme. His discovery (1934) that the coenzyme actively facilitates oxidation of…

David Henry Hwang: His stage comedy Yellow Face was first performed in 2007. It is both a reflection on Hwang’s activism regarding the use of non-Asian actors in Asian roles (which he compared to blackface minstrelsy) and an examination of the role of “face” (a Chinese concept embodying dignity, reputation, and…

yellow fever, acute infectious disease, one of the great epidemic diseases of the tropical world, though it sometimes has occurred in temperate zones as well. The disease, caused by a flavivirus, infects humans, all species of monkeys, and certain other small mammals. The virus is transmitted from

yellow fever: The virus is transmitted from animals to humans and among humans by several species of mosquitoes. Yellow fever appears with a sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, backache, nausea, and vomiting. The skin and eyes may appear yellow—a condition known as jaundice and a sign that…

Iridaceae: Major genera and species: …yellow, or water, flag (I. pseudacorus) is a swamp plant native to Eurasia and North Africa; the blue flag (I. versicolor) occupies similar habitats in North America. Blackberry lily (I. domestica, formerly Belamcanda chinensis) is native to East Asia and is grown for its red-spotted orange flowers. Members of…

quercitron bark: …crude quercetin known commercially as yellow flavine. A second variety, known as red flavine, is deposited when an extract of the bark is digested at the boil with dilute acid. These products are used to dye wool mordanted (fixed) with aluminum or tin compounds to bright shades of yellow and…

Linaceae: indica, the yellow flax, is notable for its large yellow flowers, borne in profusion in late fall and early winter.

foxtail: Yellow foxtail (S. pumila) and green foxtail (S. viridis), named for the colour of their bristles, are common in cornfields and disturbed areas. Bristly foxtail (S. verticillata), whose barbed bristles stick to animals and clothing, is also found in those places; the flower clusters from…

mung bean, (Vigna radiata), legume plant of the pea family (Fabaceae), grown for its edible seeds and young sprouts. The mung bean is likely native to the Indian subcontinent and is widely cultivated in Asia for use in a variety of sweet and savory dishes, particularly in India, China, Korea, and

passion flower: Major species: edulis), and the yellow granadilla, or water lemon (P. laurifolia), as well as the wild passion flower, are widely grown in tropical America for their fruit. P. maliformis is the sweet calabash of the West Indies. The size of these fruits usually does not exceed that of a…

grease: Yellow grease is made from darker parts of the hog and may include parts used to make white grease. Brown grease contains beef and mutton fats as well as hog fats. Fleshing grease is the fatty material trimmed from hides and pelts. Bone grease, hide…

grunt: …blue-striped, or yellow, grunt (Haemulon sciurus), a striped, blue and yellow Atlantic fish up to 46 cm (18 inches) long; the French grunt (H. flavolineatum), a yellow-striped, silvery blue Atlantic species about 30 cm (12 inches) long; the margate (H. album), a usually pearl gray species of the western…

yam: Major species: rotundata) and yellow Guinea yam (D. cayenensis) are the main yam species grown in West Africa. Lesser yam (D. esculenta), grown on the subcontinent of India, in southern Vietnam, and on South Pacific islands, is one of the tastiest yams. Chinese yam (D. polystachya), also known as…

eucalyptus: Major species and uses: diversicolor); Tasmanian bluegum; white ironbark, or yellow gum (E. leucoxylon); jarrah (E. marginata); messmate stringybark (E. obliqua); red mahogany (E. resinifera); northern gray ironbark; and others. The bark of many species is used in papermaking and tanning.

Dge-lugs-pa, since the 17th century, the predominant Buddhist order in Tibet and the sect of the Dalai and Paṇchen lamas. The Dge-lugs-pa sect was founded in the late 14th century by Tsong-kha-pa, who was himself a member of the austere Bka’-gdams-pa school. Tsong-kha-pa’s reforms represented a

horned poppy: The yellow horned poppy (Glaucium flavum) is native to sea beaches of Great Britain and southern Europe and has become established in the eastern United States. Its slender seedpods are 30 cm (1 foot) long. The four-petaled yellow to orange flowers are borne on 30- to…

Rita Dove: In her poetry collections, including The Yellow House on the Corner (1980) and Museum (1983), as well as a volume of short stories titled Fifth Sunday (1985), Dove focused her attention on the particulars of family life and personal struggle, addressing the larger social and political dimensions of the Black…

jack: …warm Atlantic waters and the yellow jack (C. bartholomaei), which frequents warm Atlantic waters and is noted for its golden-yellow sides and fins.

yellow fever, acute infectious disease, one of the great epidemic diseases of the tropical world, though it sometimes has occurred in temperate zones as well. The disease, caused by a flavivirus, infects humans, all species of monkeys, and certain other small mammals. The virus is transmitted from

yellow jacket, any of 35–40 species (genus Dolichovespula or Vespula) of social wasps, principally of the Northern Hemisphere. Despite the common name yellow jacket—which is used in reference to the typical coloration of the abdomen, with yellow and black markings—some species are white and black,

Gentianales: Gelsemiaceae: The sweetly scented Gelsemium sempervirens (Carolina, or yellow, jessamine) is a highly poisonous vine in the southern United States that is also cultivated and has been used medicinally for migraines. The second genus, Mostuea, has a transoceanic distribution with one American and seven African species.

Gentianales: Gelsemiaceae: The sweetly scented Gelsemium sempervirens (Carolina, or yellow, jessamine) is a highly poisonous vine in the southern United States that is also cultivated and has been used medicinally for migraines. The second genus, Mostuea, has a transoceanic distribution with one American and seven African species.

yellow journalism, the use of lurid features and sensationalized news in newspaper publishing to attract readers and increase circulation. The phrase was coined in the 1890s to describe the tactics employed in the furious competition between two New York City newspapers, the World and the Journal.

Richard Felton Outcault: …American cartoonist and creator of The Yellow Kid, a comic cartoon series that was influential in the development of the comic strip.

lady’s slipper: Genera: One well-known species is the yellow lady’s slipper (C. calceolus). Another is the pink lady’s slipper (C. acaule), also known as the moccasin flower. Most species have one or two flowers on a stem about 30 to 60 cm (12 to 24 inches) tall.

Taal Lake: …contains another small crater (Yellow Lake). Volcano Island, called Taal Volcano, has erupted more than 34 times since 1572, most recently in 2020.

lancewood: The yellow lancewood tree (Duguetia quitarensis), or yari-yari, of the Guianas, is of similar dimensions and is used by the Indians for arrow points as well as for spars and beams. Trees of the genus Rollinia of the Guianas are also called lancewood. Australian lancewood is…

locust: …cultivated as ornamentals, especially the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), often called false acacia, or yellow locust. A number of species are also useful for erosion control and as timber trees.

Garcinia: Rata, or yellow mangosteen (G. tinctorea), produces a peach-sized yellow fruit with a pointed end and acid-flavoured buttery yellow flesh. Bacupari (G. gardneriana) is native to South America and produces an edible aril. Garlic fruit, or bitter garcinia (G. spicata), is planted as an ornamental…

Muntz metal, variety of the alloy brass consisting of 60 percent copper and 40 percent zinc, named after the English businessman George F. Muntz, who patented it in 1832. Muntz metal must be worked hot. It is used to make machine parts that require resistance to

kolinsky, any of several species of Asian weasels. See

hog plum, (Spondias mombin), ornamental tree of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae), native to the tropical Americas. The hog plum and several other species of the genus Spondias are cultivated for their edible plumlike fruits. The young leaves can also be eaten, and various parts of the plant are

meerkat: The yellow mongoose (Cynictis penicillata), sometimes called the red meerkat, sometimes shares warrens with meerkats and is intermediate in form between meerkats and other mongooses. It has four toes on the hind feet but five on the forefeet, larger ears, and a bushy coat and tail.

mussel: The yellow mussel (Mytilus citrinus), from southern Florida to the Caribbean, is a light brownish yellow. The hooked, or bent, mussel (M. recurvus), from New England to the Caribbean, attains lengths of about 4 cm and is greenish brown to purplish black. The scorched mussel (M.…

white mustard, (Sinapis alba), annual herbaceous plant of the family Brassicaceae grown primarily for its pungent seeds, which are a source of the condiment known as mustard. Native to the Mediterranean region, white mustard has naturalized throughout much of the world and is an agricultural weed

groundnut: Cyperus esculentus, nut sedge or yellow nut grass, is a papyrus relative (family Cyperaceae) that also bears edible tubers, especially in the variety called chufa or earth almond.

groundnut: Cyperus esculentus, nut sedge or yellow nut grass, is a papyrus relative (family Cyperaceae) that also bears edible tubers, especially in the variety called chufa or earth almond.

old man cactus: …hairy cacti in cultivation include: yellow old man, or woolly torch (Cephalocereus palmeri); golden old man (Pilosocereus chrysacanthus); old woman (Mammillaria hahniana); Chilean old lady (Eriosyce senilis); and old man of the mountain (Cleistocactus trollii).

oriole: Northern Australia has the yellow oriole (O. flavicinctus), which is strictly a fruit eater.

moonseed: The North American species, Canada moonseed, or yellow parilla (M. canadense), with lobed leaves and greenish-white flowers, bears black, grapelike fruit with crescent-shaped seeds. M. dauricum, from East Asia, and M. mexicanum, from Mexico, have similar properties. In particular, the seeds of all these species may cause a curare-like…

passion flower: Major species: The yellow passion flower (P. lutea) is a smaller plant with greenish yellow flowers and purple fruits.

trophic cascade: Effects on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems: …such as bass (Micropterus) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens), to or from freshwater lakes. Those experiments showed that trophic cascades controlled biomass and production of phytoplankton, recycling rates of nutrients, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus available to phytoplankton, activity of bacteria, and sedimentation rates. Because trophic cascades affected the…

race: Immigration and the racial worldview: …the presence of this “yellow peril.” Political party caucuses, labor unions, and other organizations railed against the immigration of yet another “inferior race.” Newspapers condemned the policies of employers, and even church leaders decried the entrance of these aliens into what was seen as a land for whites only.…

loosestrife: Yellow pimpernel, or wood loosestrife (L. nemorum), a low plant with a slender spreading stem and solitary yellow flowers, is common in England. Many species of Lysimachia are visited by bees for the oil contained in hairs on the flowers rather than for nectar or…

yellowwood: …of the genus include the brown pine, plum pine, or yellow pine (Podocarpus elatus) of southeastern Australia; the black pine, or matai (P. spicatus), the kahikatea, or white pine (P. dacrydioides), the miro (P. ferrugineus), and the totara (P. totara), all native to New Zealand; kusamaki, or broad-leaved

pitcher plant: Sarraceniaceae: The yellow pitcher plant (S. flava) has bright yellow flowers and a long, green, trumpet-shaped leaf the lid of which is held upright. One species, the green pitcher plant (S. oreophila), is critically endangered and is found in limited areas of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and…

North China Plain, large alluvial plain of northern China, built up along the shore of the Yellow Sea by deposits of the Huang He (Yellow River) and the Huai, Hai, and a few other minor rivers of northern China. Covering an area of about 158,000 square miles (409,500 square km), most of which is

tulip tree, (Liriodendron tulipifera), North American ornamental and timber tree of the magnolia family (Magnoliaceae), order Magnoliales, not related to the true poplars. The tulip tree occurs in mixed-hardwood stands in eastern North America. It is taller than all other eastern broad-leaved

puccoon: Lithospermum species include the yellow puccoon, or Indian paint (L. canescens), with small yellow or orange flowers and reddish roots. It and a few other species (L. incisum and L. carolinense) of the borage family (Boraginaceae) are sometimes planted in the wild garden. The red puccoon, or bloodroot (Sanguinaria…

goldenseal, (species Hydrastis canadensis), perennial herb native to woods of the eastern United States. Its rootstocks have medicinal properties. The plant has a single greenish white flower, the sepals of which fall as they open, followed by a cluster of small red berries. Goldenseal is sometimes

yellow rain, airborne substance that was alleged to have been used in biological attacks in Southeast Asia from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s. After the communist victories in Southeast Asia in 1975, the new regimes in Vietnam and Laos launched pacification campaigns against Hmong tribes in

coal: Macerals: …often with crenulated surfaces), and resinite (ovoid and sometimes translucent masses of resin). The liptinites may fluoresce (i.e., luminesce because of absorption of radiation) under ultraviolet light, but with increasing rank their optical properties approach those of the vitrinites, and the two groups become indistinguishable.

Yellow River, principal river of northern China, east-central and eastern Asia. The Yellow River is often called the cradle of Chinese civilization. With a length of 3,395 miles (5,464 km), it is the country’s second longest river—surpassed only by the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang)—and its drainage

Asia: Geologic and climatic influences: …East Asia, particularly in the Huang He (Yellow River) basin, are covered with loess (a loamy unstratified deposit formed by wind or by glacial meltwater deposition); the thickness of the deposits on the Loess Plateau of China sometimes exceeds 1,000 feet (300 metres). There are broad expanses of badlands, eolian…

Huang He floods, (1887, 1931, 1938), series of devastating floods in China caused by the overflowing of the Huang He (Yellow River), the country’s second longest river. These three floods collectively killed millions and are considered to be the three deadliest floods in history and among the most

cress: …closely related winter cress, or yellow rocket (B. vulgaris), is a common weed, conspicuous in fields for its bright yellow spring flowers. Bitter cress, cuckoo flower, or meadow cress (Cardamine pratensis), a low-growing plant of the Northern Hemisphere, with pinnately divided leaves and small white to rose flowers, is found…

Texas Revolution: The Battle of San Jacinto: …inspired the classic song “The Yellow Rose of Texas,” though it is likely that the romantic assignation was apocryphal and that song had other origins. In his official report Houston listed 630 Mexicans killed and 730 taken prisoner, compared with 9 Texans killed. A fleeing Santa Anna was captured…

canistel, (Pouteria campechiana), small tree of the sapodilla family (Sapotaceae), grown for its edible fruits. Canistel is native to Cental America and northern South America and cultivated in other tropical regions. The sweet fruits have orange flesh and are commonly eaten fresh or made into

yellow scales, (Xanthoria parietina), lichen species characterized by lobed margins and a wrinkled centre. It is usually found where the air is filled with mineral salts, especially near the sea and on rocks and walls. It was once considered a valuable medication for jaundice because of its yellow

Yellow Sea, large inlet of the western Pacific Ocean lying between mainland China on the west and north and the Korean peninsula on the east. It is situated to the north of the East China Sea, which it bounds on a line running from the mouth of the Yangtze River (Chiang Jiang) to Cheju Island off

Battle of the Yalu River, large naval engagement and decisive Japanese victory in the Yellow Sea on September 17, 1894, during the First Sino-Japanese War. In the second half of the nineteenth century, Japan and China put major resources into creating modern navies of armored steamships with guns

Battle of the Yellow Sea, naval engagement of the Russo-Japanese War on August 10, 1904. In August 1904, Russian warships trapped in Port Arthur by the Japanese fleet attempted to break out and join the rest of the Russian Pacific Fleet at Vladivostok. The action that resulted was one of the first

Frank Zappa: …of “serious” music when his Yellow Shark suite was performed and recorded by Germany’s Ensemble Modern. Zappa was posthumously honoured when a set of his pieces was performed during the Proms festival at London’s Royal Albert Hall. Considering that he had been banned from the Albert Hall in 1970 when…

Thailand: Thaksin Shinawatra: …led by the urban-based opposition People’s Alliance for Democracy (PAD)—who came to be known as the “yellow shirts” for the colour they wore during demonstrations—and grew steadily in size. Because Thaksin had lost the loyalty of many ranking military officers, he was unable to order that force be used to…

skunk cabbage: The ill-smelling western, or yellow, skunk cabbage (Lysichiton americanum), of the same family, having a large yellow spathe, is found from California to Alaska and eastward to Montana. Another skunk cabbage (Veratrum californicum) is the poisonous corn lily, or false hellebore, which grows from New Mexico and…

William Wellman: Films of the 1940s: …three of those films was Yellow Sky (1948), an exciting western in which Gregory Peck and Richard Widmark faced off.

macula lutea, in anatomy, the small yellowish area of the retina near the optic disk that provides central vision. When the gaze is fixed on any object, the centre of the macula, the centre of the lens, and the object are in a straight line. In the centre of the macula is a depression, called the

Yellow Springs, village, Greene county, southwestern Ohio, U.S. It lies about 25 miles (40 km) east-northeast of Dayton. Founded in 1804, it was named for a local mineral spring, which later (1820–80) was the site of a health resort. The village’s manufactures include aluminum castings, bronze art

Yellow Submarine, British animated film, released in 1968, that was based on the songs of the Beatles. It was designed to appeal more to hippies of the era and adult fans of the Beatles than to children, the traditional target of animated productions. Based on the Beatles’ hit song of the same

carnivorous plant: Major families: Once classified within Droseraceae, the Portuguese sundew (Drosophyllum lusitanicum) is now placed within its own family, Drosophyllaceae (order Caryophyllales), of which it is the only species.

surgeonfish: Species include the yellow surgeon, or yellow tang (Zebrasoma flavescens), an Indo-Pacific species about 20 cm (8 inches) long and coloured either bright yellow or deep brown; the blue tang (Acanthurus coeruleus), an Atlantic and Caribbean fish, yellow when young but more or less blue when adult; and…

surgeonfish: Species include the yellow surgeon, or yellow tang (Zebrasoma flavescens), an Indo-Pacific species about 20 cm (8 inches) long and coloured either bright yellow or deep brown; the blue tang (Acanthurus coeruleus), an Atlantic and Caribbean fish, yellow when young but more or less blue when adult; and…

Raoul Walsh: Films of the 1930s: The Yellow Ticket (1931) was set in tsarist Russia; to visit her imprisoned father, a Jewish schoolteacher (Elissa Landi) must obtain a yellow ticket meant for prostitutes so as to circumvent a decree against travel by Jews. Me and My Gal (1932) was a romantic…

Zhang Xianzhong was a Chinese rebel leader at the close of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Following a disastrous famine in the northern province of Shaanxi in 1628, Zhang became the leader of a gang of freebooters who used hit-and-run tactics to plunder widely throughout North China. Although his

Cao Cao: …general when he suppressed the Yellow Turban Rebellion, which threatened the last years of Han rule. The dynasty, however, was greatly weakened by the rebellion, and in the ensuing chaos the country was divided among the major generals into three kingdoms. Cao occupied the strategic northern section around the emperor’s…

Yellow Turbans, Chinese secret society whose members’ uprising, the Yellow Turban Rebellion (184–c. 204 ce), contributed to the fall of the Han dynasty (206 bce–220 ce). Led by Zhang Jue, a Daoist faith healer who had gained numerous adherents during a widespread pestilence, the rebellion was

rutabaga, (Brassica napus, variety napobrassica), root vegetable in the mustard family (Brassicaceae), cultivated for its fleshy roots and edible leaves. Rutabagas likely originated as a cross between turnips (Brassica rapa, variety rapa) and wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and are thought to have

Mongolian languages: Other outlying languages: Yellow Uyghur (also called Shera Yögur, Jegün Uyghur, East Yogur, among other names) is spoken in the north of Gansu proper. It is not to be confused with the Yellow Uyghur (Sarö, or Sarig, Uyghur, or Yugur, West Yugar) that is a Turkic language; the…

Mongolian languages: Other outlying languages: Yellow Uyghur (also called Shera Yögur, Jegün Uyghur, East Yogur, among other names) is spoken in the north of Gansu proper. It is not to be confused with the Yellow Uyghur (Sarö, or Sarig, Uyghur, or Yugur, West Yugar) that is a Turkic language; the…

migration: Origin and evolution of migration: The yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava) and the wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) settled in Alaska; they migrate annually into other parts of the Western Hemisphere but spend their winters in the warm regions of southeastern Asia and even Africa, probably following the migratory route of their ancestors. A…

The Yellow Wallpaper, short story by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, published in New England Magazine in May 1892 and in book form in 1899. The Yellow Wallpaper, initially interpreted as a Gothic horror tale, was considered the best as well as the least-characteristic work of fiction by Gilman. An

wood warbler: Best known is the yellow warbler (Dendroica petechia), sometimes miscalled the wild canary, which breeds from Alaska and Newfoundland to the West Indies, Peru, and the Galapagos Islands; it is 13 cm (5 inches) long, and the males have faintly red-streaked underparts. Dendroica is the largest genus of wood…

water lily: Major genera and species: …Northern Hemisphere, includes the common yellow water lily, also called cow lily or spatterdock (Nuphar advena), of eastern North America. The yellow water lily has submerged leaves that are thin and translucent and leathery floating leaves.

kolinsky, any of several species of Asian weasels. See

whitlow grass: Yellow whitlow grass (D. aizoides) is a similar European species but bears yellow flowers. Twisted, or hoary, whitlow grass (D. incana) and the smaller D. norvegica have leaves on the stems and white flowers with notched petals.

Leslie Marmon Silko: Other works: Yellow Woman and a Beauty of the Spirit (1996) is a collection of Silko’s essays on contemporary Native life. In 1999 she released Gardens in the Dunes, a novel about a Native girl who, having been captured by soldiers and separated from her family in…

Oxalis: …America, among which are the yellow wood sorrel (O. stricta), of the eastern United States and Canada, with yellow flowers; the violet wood sorrel (O. violacea), of the eastern United States, with rose-purple flowers; the redwood wood sorrel (O. oregana), of the coast redwood belt from California to Oregon, with…

duiker: …pounds), to that of the yellow-backed duiker (C. silvicultor), up to 87 cm (34 inches) high at the shoulder and weighing 80 kg (180 pounds). It appears that the structure of the forest undergrowth selects for shoulder heights that enable duikers and other forest ungulates to move through or beneath…

sapsucker: The yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius), about 20 cm (8 inches) long, breeds in northern regions (south in mountains) and migrates as far as the West Indies and Central America; red-breasted and red-naped races occur west of the Rocky Mountains. Both sexes of varius have bold head-markings.…

reptile: Distribution and ecology: The yellow-bellied sea snake (Pelamis platurus) spends all its life in marine environments. It feeds and gives birth far from any coastline and is helpless if washed ashore, whereas other sea snakes live in coastal waters of estuaries and coral reefs. The sea turtles are also predominately…

cuckoo: …yellow-billed and black-billed cuckoos (Coccyzus americanus and C. erythropthalmus) and the mangrove cuckoo (C. minor), which is restricted in the United States to coastal southern Florida (also found in the West Indies and Mexico to northern South America); they are represented in Central and South America by about 12…

loon: …across Eurasia is the similar white- (or yellow-) billed diver (G. adamsii).

oxpecker: Both species—the yellow-billed (B. africanus) and the red-billed (B. erythrorhynchus)—are brown, measure 20 cm (8 inches) long, and have wide bills, stiff tails, and sharp claws. They perch on and cling to cattle, zebras, rhinoceroses, and other ungulates to remove ticks,

spoonbill: regia), and the yellow-billed, or yellow-legged, spoonbill (P. flavipes).

stork: The African wood stork (Ibis ibis), or yellow-billed stork, is about 100 cm (3 feet) tall, with a yellowish bill and red facial skin.

bunting: They include the colourful yellow-breasted bunting (Emberiza aureola), widespread across Siberia and northeastern Europe, and the reed bunting (E. schoeniclus), a chunky bird common to marshes across Europe and Asia.