Chinese pottery: The Han dynasty (206 bce–220 ce): …first made at Yuezhou (present Yuyao), Zhejiang province, during the Han dynasty, although all surviving specimens are later, most belonging to the Six Dynasties (220–589 ce). They have a stoneware body and an olive or brownish green glaze and belong to the family of celadons, a term that looms large…

Shanghai: Cultural life: …Chinese city houses the 16th-century Yuyuan Garden (Garden of the Mandarin Yu), an outstanding example of late Ming garden architecture, and the Temple of Confucius. Other points of attraction are the Longhua Pagoda of the Bei (Northern) Song dynasty, the Industrial Exhibition Hall, and the tomb and former residence of…

Kanze school: ), who founded the Yūzaki-za (Yūzaki troupe), the precursor of the Kanze school. The second master, Zeami Motokiyo, completed the basic form of the art under the protection of the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.

Kanze school: ), who founded the Yūzaki-za (Yūzaki troupe), the precursor of the Kanze school. The second master, Zeami Motokiyo, completed the basic form of the art under the protection of the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.

Miyazaki Yūzen: …name to the process (yūzen-zome) by which elaborate designs and pictures were drawn on silk with a rice-paste coating. Later, yūzen came to denote the cloth produced in this way and also the kind of designs (yūzen-moyō) created by Miyazaki Yūzen. The rich, colourful yūzen cloth, a product of…

South Ossetia, autonomous republic in Georgia that declared independence in 2008. Only a few countries—most notably Russia, which maintains a military presence in South Ossetia—recognize its independence. South Ossetia occupies the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus mountains. The region is

Altai Mountains: Geology: …North (Severo) Chu, and the South (Yuzhno) Chu—tower more than 13,000 feet (4,000 metres) in elevation, running latitudinally in the central and eastern portions of the sector of the system within the Altay republic. The Tabyn-Bogdo-Ola (Mongolian: Tavan Bogd Uul), the Mönh Hayrhan Uul, and other western ridges of the…

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, city and administrative centre of Sakhalin oblast (region), far eastern Russia. It lies in the south of Sakhalin Island on the Susuya River, 26 miles (42 km) north of the port of Korsakov. Originally the Japanese settlement of Toyohara, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk passed to the Soviet

Southern Buh, river, southwestern and south-central Ukraine. The Southern Buh is 492 miles (792 km) long and drains a basin of 24,610 square miles (63,740 square km). It rises in the Volyn-Podilsk Upland and flows east and southeast, first through a narrow valley with rapids and then across rolling

Novaya Zemlya: …large islands, Severny (northern) and Yuzhny (southern), aligned for 600 miles (1,000 km) in a southwest-northeast direction, plus several smaller islands. The two major islands are separated by a narrow strait, Matochkin Shar, only about 1 to 1.5 miles (1.6 to 2.4 km) wide. The most southerly point, the island…

Chongqing: Suburban and outlying districts: …the Old City was renamed Yuzhong district; Yuzhong continues to function as the political, economic, and commercial hub of the municipality, focused on the district’s main business centre, located around the Liberation Monument (Jiefangbei) in the centre of the Old City.

history of medicine: China: …about 300 ce, and the Yuzhuan yizong jinjian (“Imperially Commissioned Golden Mirror of the Orthodox Lineage of Medicine,” also known in English as the Golden Mirror), a compilation made in 1742 of medical writings of the Han dynasty (202 bce–220 ce). European medicine began to obtain a footing in China…

Lei Gong: …Youth”) whips up clouds, and Yuzi (“Rain Master”) causes downpours by dipping his sword into a pot. Roaring winds rush forth from a type of goatskin bag manipulated by Feng Bo (“Earl of Wind”), who was later replaced by Feng Popo (“Madame Wind”). She rides a tiger among the clouds.

Donetsk, city, southeastern Ukraine, on the headwaters of the Kalmius River. It is the capital of Donetsk oblast (province) and the most prominent city in the Donets Basin (Donbas) industrial region. In 1872 an ironworks was founded there by a Welshman, John Hughes (from whom the town’s

Ōkawa Shūmei: …the influential nationalistic Yūzonsha (Society for the Preservation of the National Essence) in 1919. Through its magazine, Otakebi (“War Cry”), the Yūzonsha advocated the return of Japan to the simpler military values of its feudal past as well as the institution of a national socialist government. Yūzonsha gained a…

Donetsk, city, southeastern Ukraine, on the headwaters of the Kalmius River. It is the capital of Donetsk oblast (province) and the most prominent city in the Donets Basin (Donbas) industrial region. In 1872 an ironworks was founded there by a Welshman, John Hughes (from whom the town’s

yuzu, East Asian citrus fruit, probably first grown in the highlands of China but now most closely associated with Japan. Yuzu is the most cold-resistant of all the citrus fruits, capable of growing at high altitudes at temperatures just above freezing. It may have originated as a hybrid of the

Yūzū Nembutsu, Japanese Buddhist sect that stresses the permeating effect (yūzū) of nembutsu, the invocation of the name of the Buddha Amida (Amitabha). Thus, the belief was that not only the person who chants the name but all humanity benefits from the practice of nembutsu. The sect was founded in

Japanese music: Composers in Western styles: …by the work Yuzuru (1952; Twilight Crane) by Ikuma Dan. The plot is a Japanese folktale, and, although the musical style is a mixture of the music of Maurice Ravel and the late works of Giacomo Puccini, one finds as well deliberate uses of folk songs and idioms. Shimizu Osamu…

history of Arabia: Yemen: The Banū Yaʿfur, lords north of Sanaa, expelled the Ziyādid governor and ruled independently from 861 to 997. Najāḥid rule ended when ʿAlī ibn Mahdī captured Zabīd in 1159.

Chrétien de Troyes: …wife of his overlord Arthur; Yvain, a brilliant extravaganza, combining the theme of a widow’s too hasty marriage to her husband’s slayer with that of the new husband’s fall from grace and final restoration to favour. Perceval, which Chrétien left unfinished, unites the religious theme of the Holy Grail with…

Île-de-France: Val-de-Marne, Essonne, and Yvelines. Île-de-France is bounded by the régions of Hauts-de-France to the north, Grand Est to the east, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté to the southeast, Centre to the south, and Normandy to the northwest. The capital is Paris. Area 4,637 square miles (12,011 square km). Pop. (1999) 10,952,011; (2014

Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi: …1825 a boarding school at Yverdon, near Neuchâtel. Both schools relied for funds on fee-paying pupils, though some poor children were taken in, and these institutes served as experimental bases for proving his method in its three branches—intellectual, moral, and physical, the latter including vocational and civic training. They also…

Saint Ivo of Chartres ; feast day May 23) was the bishop of Chartres who was regarded as the most learned canonist of his age. Of noble birth, Ivo became prior of the canons regular of St. Quentin, Beauvais (c. 1078), and in 1090 Pope Urban II confirmed his election as bishop of Chartres. He was

Stefano Pilati: …the storied house of fashion, Yves Saint Laurent (YSL), and head of design (2013–16) at Ermenegildo Zegna.

Colombes: …is known particularly for the Yves-du-Manoir sports stadium, built for the 1924 Olympic Games, which has 65,000 seats. Henrietta Maria of England died in 1669 on her estate outside the original village of Colombes. Industries include electronics and mechanical and electrical engineering, although industry generally has declined in importance. Pop.…

Telakhon: Ywa, a withdrawn high god whose offer of the book to their ancestors was ignored, would then return to deliver the Karen from oppression by the Burmans or the British. The cult was founded in the mid-19th century by Con Yu. It banned traditional animal…

Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA), nonsectarian Christian organization that aims “to advance the physical, social, intellectual, moral, and spiritual interests of young women.” The recreational, educational, and spiritual aspects of its program are symbolized in its insignia, a blue

Yazdegerd I was the king of the Sāsānian Empire who reigned from 399–420. Yazdegerd was a highly intelligent ruler who tried to emancipate himself from the dominion of the magnates and of the Magi (a priestly caste serving a number of religions); thus, his reign is viewed differently by Christian

Yazdegerd II was the king of the Sāsānian dynasty (reigned 438–457), the son and successor of Bahrām V. Although Yazdegerd was at first tolerant of the Christians, he remained a zealous Zoroastrian and later persecuted both Christians and Jews. He was engaged in a short war with Rome in 442 and

Yazdegerd III was the last king of the Sāsānian dynasty (reigned 632–651), the son of Shahryār and a grandson of Khosrow II. A mere child when he was placed on the throne, Yazdegerd never actually exercised power. In his first year the Arab invasion began, and in 636/637 the Battle of al-Qādisīyah

Steve Yzerman is a Canadian American professional ice hockey player who—as the longest-serving captain in National Hockey League (NHL) history—led the Detroit Red Wings to three Stanley Cup championships (1997, 1998, and 2002). From 1981 to 1983 Yzerman played centre with the Peterborough Petes of

Steve Yzerman is a Canadian American professional ice hockey player who—as the longest-serving captain in National Hockey League (NHL) history—led the Detroit Red Wings to three Stanley Cup championships (1997, 1998, and 2002). From 1981 to 1983 Yzerman played centre with the Peterborough Petes of