North Africa

Table of Contents

Introduction
Ancient North Africa
- Early humans and Stone Age society
- The Carthaginian period
  - The Phoenician settlements
  - Carthaginian supremacy
  - Trade
  - Wars outside Africa
  - Treatment of subject peoples
  - Political and military institutions
- The city
  - Religion and culture
  - Carthage and Rome
  - The Greeks in Cyrenaica
- The rise and decline of native kingdoms
- Roman North Africa
  - Administration and defense
  - The growth of urban life
  - Economy
  - Later Roman Empire
  - Christianity and the Donatist controversy
  - Extent of Romanization
  - The Vandal conquest
  - The Byzantine period
  - Roman Cyrenaica
From the Arab conquest to 1830
- Khārijite Berber resistance to Arab rule
- The Maghrib under Muslim dynasties in the 8th–11th centuries
  - The Rustamid state of Tāhart
  - The Banū Midrār of Sijilmāssah
  - The Idrīsids of Fez
  - The Aghlabids
  - The Fāṭimids and Zīrids
- The Maghrib under the Almoravids and the Almohads
- Political fragmentation and the triumph of Islamic culture (c. 1250–c. 1500)
- The Maghrib from about 1500 to 1830
  - Morocco under sharifian dynasties
  - Ottoman rule in the Maghrib
North Africa after 1830
- Advent of European colonialism
- Nationalist movements

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2025

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