Ask the Chatbot Games & Quizzes History & Society Science & Tech Biographies Animals & Nature Geography & Travel Arts & Culture ProCon Money Videos
Turkmenistan
Table of Contents
References & Edit History Facts & Stats
Images
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Physical features of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan: Ethnic composition Turkmenistan: Religious affiliation Turkmenistan: Urban-rural Turkmenistan: Age breakdown Ashgabat, Turkmenistan: market
For Students
Turkmenistan summary
Quizzes
Flags of all countries of the world. Flags of the world. National flags. Country flags. Hompepage blog 2009, history and society, geography and travel, explore discovery
The Country Quiz
7:023 Geography: Think of Something Big, globe showing Africa, Europe, and Eurasia
Which Country Is Larger By Area? Quiz
Flags of the world against blue sky. Countries, International. Globalization, global relations, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, Poland, Palestine, Japan. Homepage 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society
Which Country Is Larger By Population? Quiz
Flags of all nations of the world. Grouping of various country flags on a world map.
Which Country Is Larger? Quiz
Opened passport with visas, stamps, seals, world map. (travel, tourism)
Guess the Country by Its Neighbors Quiz
Read Next
Computer mapping, woman at early 1990s computer
Timeline of the 1990s
Discover
Space race (1957-1969) infographic between United States (U.S.) and Russia. America, Soviet Union, U.S.S.R., space exploration
Timeline of the Space Race, 1957–69
Hindu Holi Festival celebrations with colored water, powder and colorful flower petals thrown over celebrants at a Hindu temple in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India on March 24, 2021.
Holi: Festival of Colors
After a perfect launch, spectators try to catch a last glimpse of Space Shuttle Columbia, barely visible at the top end of the twisted column of smoke.
7 Accidents and Disasters in Spaceflight History
Lead image for "A Timeline of the World in 8 Maps"
A Timeline of the World in 8 Maps
Calendar marking march 15th
22 Questions About Time and Timekeeping Answered
The Colosseum, Rome, Italy. Giant amphitheatre built in Rome under the Flavian emperors. (ancient architecture; architectural ruins)
New Seven Wonders of the World
Ruminant. Deer. Red deer. Cervus elaphus. Buck. Stag. Antlers.
9 of the World’s Deadliest Mammals

Turkmenistan: Facts & Stats

verifiedCite
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Select Citation Style
Share
Share to social media
URL
https://www.britannica.com/facts/Turkmenistan
Written and fact-checked by
The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

The Information Architects maintain a master list of the topics included in the corpus of  Encyclopædia Britannica, and create and manage the relationships between them.
The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

News •

Iran begins Turkmenistan-to-Turkey gas transit, boosting regional ties • Mar. 6, 2025, 6:42 AM ET (Jerusalem Post)
Video Shows American Airlines Plane Being Escorted by Fighter Jets • Feb. 24, 2025, 12:33 AM ET (Newsweek)
American Airlines Flight Diverted Over Possible 'Security Threat' • Feb. 23, 2025, 4:06 AM ET (Newsweek)
Turkey to Start Importing Natural Gas From Turkmenistan in March • Feb. 12, 2025, 1:13 AM ET (Bloomberg)
Turkey, Turkmenistan agree gas supply deal for March • Feb. 11, 2025, 4:15 AM ET (Reuters)

Facts

Also Known As Türkmenistan
Head Of State And Government President: Serdar Berdymukhammedov
Capital Ashgabat
Population (2025 est.) 7,363,000
Form Of Government1 republic with two legislative houses (Halk Maslahaty, or People’s Council [562]; Mejlis, or Assembly [125])
Official Language Turkmen
Official Religion none
Official Name Türkmenistan (Turkmenistan)
Total Area (Sq Km) 491,210
Total Area (Sq Mi) 189,656
Monetary Unit (new) manat (TMT)3
Population Rank (2025) 106
Population Projection 2030 6,160,000
Density: Persons Per Sq Mi (2025) 38.8
Density: Persons Per Sq Km (2025) 15
Urban-Rural Population Urban: (2024) 54.5% • Rural: (2024) 44.5%
Life Expectancy At Birth Male: (2022) 68.8 years • Female: (2022) 75 years
Literacy: Percentage Of Population Age 15 And Over Literate Male: (2005) 100% • Female: (2019) 100%
Gni (U.S.$ ’000,000) (2023) 59,682
Gni Per Capita (U.S.$) (2019) 8,406
1New constitution adopted on September 26, 2008.2Includes eight members elected from each province (welayet) and Ashgabat and eight members directly appointed by the president.3The manat was redenominated on January 1, 2009. As of this date 1 (new) manat (TMT) = 5,000 (old) manat (TMM).

Photos

Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
Physical features of Turkmenistan
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan: market
education in Turkmenistan
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, at night
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan: gold statue of Saparmurad Niyazov
Caspian Sea and Karakum Desert
Map of central Asia created for the 1997 Britannica Book of the Year.
National anthem of Turkmenistan
See All Images, Audio and Interactives →

Related Topics and References

Topics
Saparmurad Niyazov
president of Turkmenistan
Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov
president of Turkmenistan

Related Places

A map of the continent of Asia, including its countries, boundaries, and capital cities, as well as parts of Europe, Africa, and surrounding oceans.
Asia
continent
Central Asia
Central Asia
region, Asia
Ashgabat: presidential palace
Ashgabat
national capital, Turkmenistan
Lebap
oblast, Turkmenistan
Daşoguz
Turkmenistan
Turkmenbashi
Turkmenistan
Mary
oblast, Turkmenistan
Mary
Turkmenistan
Balkanabat
Turkmenistan
Türkmenabat
Turkmenistan
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1922–91
Soviet Union
historical state, Eurasia
Caspian Sea and Karakum Desert
Karakum Desert
desert, Turkmenistan
ruins of the Great Kiz-Kala fortress
Merv
ancient city, Turkmenistan
Nisa
ancient city, Turkmenistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan

Related Quizzes and Features

Quiz
Brown globe on antique map. Brown world on vintage map. North America. Green globe. Hompepage blog 2009, history and society, geography and travel, explore discovery
Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz
Actual continental drift of plates. Thematic map.
Geography Fun Facts
Flags of the world. National flags. Country flags. Hompepage blog 2009, history and society, geography and travel, explore discovery
Countries of the World
7:023 Geography: Think of Something Big, globe showing Africa, Europe, and Eurasia
Which Country Is Larger By Area? Quiz
10:087 Ocean: The World of Water, two globes showing eastern and western hemispheres
You Name It!
Flags of all countries of the world. Flags of the world. National flags. Country flags. Hompepage blog 2009, history and society, geography and travel, explore discovery
The Country Quiz
Brown globe on antique map. Brown world on vintage map. North America. Green globe. Hompepage blog 2009, history and society, geography and travel, explore discovery
Countries & Their Features
Opened passport with visas, stamps, seals, world map. (travel, tourism)
Guess the Country by Its Neighbors Quiz
Flags of the world against blue sky. Countries, International. Globalization, global relations, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, Poland, Palestine, Japan. Homepage 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society
Which Country Is Larger By Population? Quiz
Rice terraces in Vietnam. (food; farm; farming; agriculture; rice terrace; crop; grain; paddy; paddies;garden)
Know Your Asian Geography Quiz
Flags of all nations of the world. Grouping of various country flags on a world map.
Which Country Is Larger? Quiz