human ear

Table of Contents

Introduction
Anatomy of the human ear
- Outer ear
- Tympanic membrane and middle ear
  - Tympanic membrane
  - Middle-ear cavity
    - Auditory ossicles
    - Muscles
    - Nerves
  - Eustachian tube
- Inner ear
  - Vestibular system
    - Vestibule
    - Semicircular canals
  - Cochlea
    - Structure of the cochlea
    - Organ of Corti
  - Endolymph and perilymph
The physiology of hearing
- Transmission of sound waves through the outer and middle ear
  - Transmission of sound by air conduction
    - Function of the ossicular chain
    - Function of the muscles of the middle ear
  - Transmission of sound by bone conduction
- Transmission of sound within the inner ear
  - Transmission of sound waves in the cochlea
  - Transduction of mechanical vibrations
- Cochlear nerve and central auditory pathways
  - Auditory nerve fibres
  - Auditory pathways
    - Ascending pathways
    - Descending pathways
  - Analysis of sound by the auditory nervous system
- Hearing tests
  - Tuning-fork tests
  - Audiometry
The physiology of balance: vestibular function
- Detection of angular acceleration: dynamic equilibrium
- Detection of linear acceleration: static equilibrium
- Disturbances of the vestibular system

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Photos and Videos

structures of the middle ear

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