history of Sudan

Table of Contents

Introduction
Ancient Nubia
- Egyptian influence
- The kingdom of Kush
Christian and Islamic influence in the Sudan
- Medieval Christian kingdoms
- Islamic encroachments
- The Funj
- The spread of Islam
Egyptian-Ottoman rule over the Sudan
- Muḥammad ʿAlī and his successors
- Ismāʿīl Pasha and the growth of European influence
The Mahdiyyah
- The reign of the Khalīfah
- The British conquest
The Sudan under the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium
- The early years of British rule
- The growth of national consciousness
The Republic of the Sudan
- Coups and conflict with the south
- The Nimeiri regime
  - The Addis Ababa Agreement
  - Economic development
  - The rise of Muslim fundamentalism
  - Resumption of civil war
  - Nimeiri’s overthrow and its aftermath
- Sudan under Bashir
  - Ongoing civil war
  - Transition to civilian rule
  - Peace with the south
  - Conflict in Darfur
  - Multiparty elections and preparations for southern independence
  - A new Sudan
    - Conflict with South Sudan
    - Domestic challenges and the 2015 general elections
    - Challenge to Bashir’s rule and the 2019 military coup
- Transition
- Tension, protests, and the 2021 military coup

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Photos

Nilotic Sudan in ancient and medieval times

Meroe, Sudan: pyramids

Nilotic Sudan from the 17th to the 19th century

Egypt under Muḥammad ʿAlī and Ismāʿīl

Charles George Gordon

See All Images →

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