kinkajou, (Potos flavus), an unusual member of the raccoon family (see procyonid) distinguished by its long, prehensile tail, short muzzle, and low-set, rounded ears. Native to Central America and parts of South America, the kinkajou is an agile denizen of the upper canopy of tropical forests. The

Kinkaku-ji, Zen Buddhist temple in Kyōto, Japan, that is officially named Rokuon-ji but is popularly known as Kinkaku-ji for its magnificent Golden Pavilion. The temple is one of the finest examples of architecture from the Muromachi period, when the Ashikaga shogunate reigned. The site was

Kinkaku-ji, Zen Buddhist temple in Kyōto, Japan, that is officially named Rokuon-ji but is popularly known as Kinkaku-ji for its magnificent Golden Pavilion. The temple is one of the finest examples of architecture from the Muromachi period, when the Ashikaga shogunate reigned. The site was

The Temple of the Golden Pavilion, novel by Mishima Yukio, first published in Japanese as Kinkakuji in 1956. The novel is considered one of the author’s masterpieces. A fictionalized account of the actual torching of a Kyōto temple by a disturbed Buddhist acolyte in 1950, the novel reflects

Gottfried Kinkel was a German poet who owes his reputation chiefly to his sympathy with the Revolutions of 1848. Kinkel studied in Bonn and lectured on church history in Berlin, although he later abandoned Christianity. He married the liberal writer Johanna Matthieux in 1843, the same year his

Kinki, chihō (region), west-central Honshu, Japan. It includes the ken (prefectures) of Hyōgo, Nara, Shiga, Wakayama, and Mie and the fu (urban prefectures) of Kyōto and Ōsaka. Its name is derived from the Japanese terms kin (“proximity”) and ki (“imperial capital”) and refers to the land near the

Japan: Languages: Among the Western subdialects, the Kinki version was long the standard language of Japan, although the present Kamigata subdialect of the Kyōto-Ōsaka region is of relatively recent origin. The Kyushu subdialects have been placed outside the mainstream of linguistic change of the Western dialects and retain some of the 16th-century…

Kinki, chihō (region), west-central Honshu, Japan. It includes the ken (prefectures) of Hyōgo, Nara, Shiga, Wakayama, and Mie and the fu (urban prefectures) of Kyōto and Ōsaka. Its name is derived from the Japanese terms kin (“proximity”) and ki (“imperial capital”) and refers to the land near the

the Kinks, influential 1960s British Invasion group who infused their rhythm-and-blues beginnings with sharp social observation and the theatricality of the British music hall, becoming an English archetype. The principal members were Ray Davies (b. June 21, 1944, London, England), Dave Davies (b.

Harvey Fierstein: …Newsies, the Musical (2011); and Kinky Boots (2012). All three works were based on films. Fierstein also wrote and produced Casa Valentina (2014), a play based on the true story of a group of heterosexual married men in the early 1960s who met on the weekends at a rundown resort…

Quemoy Island, island under the jurisdiction of Taiwan in the Taiwan Strait at the mouth of mainland China’s Xiamen (Amoy) Bay and about 170 miles (275 km) northwest of Kao-hsiung, Taiwan. Quemoy is the principal island of a group of 12, the Quemoy (Chin-men) Islands, which constitute Chin-men

John Cinnamus was a Byzantine historian, secretary (grammatikos) to the emperor Manuel I Comnenus, whom he accompanied on campaigns in Europe and Asia Minor. Cinnamus’s history of the period 1118–76, continuing the Alexiad of Anna Comnena, covers the reigns of John II and Manuel I, down to the

Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings was an American short-story writer and novelist who founded a regional literature of backwoods Florida. Marjorie Kinnan’s father, who worked for the U.S. Patent Office, died when she was age 17, and she moved with her mother to Madison, Wis. One of her childhood stories had

Sydney Pollack: Last films: Julia Ormond, Harrison Ford, and Greg Kinnear, was a flawed remake of the heralded 1954 romantic comedy by Billy Wilder. Random Hearts (1999) was a misfire, with Ford and Kristin Scott Thomas ill matched as a police officer and a congresswoman who find that their spouses, who have just been…

Richard Lester: …his longtime colleague, comic actor Roy Kinnear. He was briefly coaxed back to work by former Beatle Paul McCartney, who engaged the director’s services for the concert feature Paul McCartney’s Get Back (1991).

Galway Kinnell was an American poet who examined the primitive bases of existence that are obscured by the overlay of civilization. His poems examine the effects of personal confrontation with violence and inevitable death, attempts to hold death at bay, the plight of the urban dispossessed, and

Galway Kinnell was an American poet who examined the primitive bases of existence that are obscured by the overlay of civilization. His poems examine the effects of personal confrontation with violence and inevitable death, attempts to hold death at bay, the plight of the urban dispossessed, and

Sea of Galilee, lake in Israel through which the Jordan River flows. It is famous for its biblical associations; its Old Testament name was Sea of Chinnereth, and later it was called the Lake of Gennesaret. From 1948 to 1967 it was bordered immediately to the northeast by the cease-fire line with

Sea of Galilee, lake in Israel through which the Jordan River flows. It is famous for its biblical associations; its Old Testament name was Sea of Chinnereth, and later it was called the Lake of Gennesaret. From 1948 to 1967 it was bordered immediately to the northeast by the cease-fire line with

Sea of Galilee: Human imprint: …the starting point of the National Water Carrier (also called Kinneret-Negev Conduit), a canal that conveys water from the Jordan River to Israel’s densely populated coastal region as well as south to the Negev desert. The water is pumped by pipe to the northwest to a height some 800 feet…

Ebenezer Kinnersley was a British colonial contemporary of Benjamin Franklin in the investigation of electricity and inventor of an electrical air thermometer (c. 1755). He also sought to find ways in which to protect buildings from lightning. Brought to North America at the age of three,

WarnerMedia: Warner: , was bought by Kinney National Services, Inc., and became part of the newly named Warner Communications Inc. (WCI).

Woolworth Co.: The company’s Foot Locker chain of athletic-shoe retailers proved especially successful. By 1982 the company had more than 8,000 stores worldwide, but it was facing increased competition from the Kmart Corporation and other discount retailers. These pressures compelled Woolworth to rely more and more on its Foot…

Jeff Kinney is an American children’s author and website developer best known for writing the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series of books. The books became extremely popular with middle-school students, especially boys, who were easily able to identify with characters in the books. Kinney grew up in Fort

bearberry, (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), flowering prostrate evergreen shrubs of the heath family (Ericaceae), occurring widely throughout the northern reaches of Europe, Asia, and North America in rocky and sandy woods and in open areas. It has woody stems that are often 1.5–1.8 metres (5–6 feet)

Neil Kinnock is a British politician who was the leader of the Labour Party from 1983 to 1992. The son of a miner, Kinnock was educated at University College, Cardiff, and was then for four years an organizer and tutor at the Workers’ Educational Association. In 1970 he was elected to Parliament

Neil Kinnock is a British politician who was the leader of the Labour Party from 1983 to 1992. The son of a miner, Kinnock was educated at University College, Cardiff, and was then for four years an organizer and tutor at the Workers’ Educational Association. In 1970 he was elected to Parliament

Neil Kinnock is a British politician who was the leader of the Labour Party from 1983 to 1992. The son of a miner, Kinnock was educated at University College, Cardiff, and was then for four years an organizer and tutor at the Workers’ Educational Association. In 1970 he was elected to Parliament

Helle Thorning-Schmidt: Early life and start in politics: …Brugge, Belgium, where she met Stephen Kinnock (the son of former British Labour Party leader Neil Kinnock), whom she would marry in 1996.

kinnor, ancient Hebrew lyre, the musical instrument of King David. According to the Roman Jewish historian Josephus (1st century ad), it resembled the Greek kithara (i.e., having broad arms of a piece with the boxlike neck), and kinnor was translated as “kithara” in both the Greek Old Testament and

keno, gambling game played with cards (tickets) bearing numbers in squares, usually from 1 to 80. A player marks or circles as many of these numbers as he wishes up to the permitted maximum, after which he hands in, or registers, his ticket and pays according to how many numbers he selected. At

Eusebio Kino was a Jesuit missionary, cartographer, rancher, and explorer in Spanish service, founder of numerous missions in the Pimería Alta region, now divided between the Mexican state of Sonora and the U.S. state of Arizona. Educated in Germany in philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy, he

Eusebio Kino was a Jesuit missionary, cartographer, rancher, and explorer in Spanish service, founder of numerous missions in the Pimería Alta region, now divided between the Mexican state of Sonora and the U.S. state of Arizona. Educated in Germany in philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy, he

Dziga Vertov: …a Soviet motion-picture director whose kino-glaz (“film-eye”) theory—that the camera is an instrument, much like the human eye, that is best used to explore the actual happenings of real life—had an international impact on the development of documentaries and cinema realism during the 1920s. He attempted to create a unique…

kinocilium, filamentous structure occurring on auditory hair cells in the inner ear that functions in the development of auditory structures and in the sensation of head movement. The kinocilium is a key part of structures known as hair bundles, which are located at the tip of each hair cell in the

kinocilium, filamentous structure occurring on auditory hair cells in the inner ear that functions in the development of auditory structures and in the sensation of head movement. The kinocilium is a key part of structures known as hair bundles, which are located at the tip of each hair cell in the

kinorhynch, any of the approximately 150 species of microscopic marine invertebrates of the phylum Kinorhyncha, widely distributed in the world’s oceans. Kinorhynchs live mostly in the muddy bottoms of shallow seas and in the sand of seacoasts. They are rather bristly or spiny and are usually less

kinorhynch, any of the approximately 150 species of microscopic marine invertebrates of the phylum Kinorhyncha, widely distributed in the world’s oceans. Kinorhynchs live mostly in the muddy bottoms of shallow seas and in the sand of seacoasts. They are rather bristly or spiny and are usually less

Kinoshita Junji was a playwright, a leader in the attempt to revitalize the post-World War II Japanese theatre. Kinoshita graduated from the English literature department of Tokyo University in 1939. His first play, Fūrō (“Wind and Waves”), which he began to write that year, was a historical drama

Kinoshita Keisuke was one of Japan’s most popular motion-picture directors, known for satirical social comedies. A motion-picture enthusiast from boyhood, Kinoshita attended Hamamatsu Technology School and Oriental Photography School. He became an assistant cameraman at the Shochiku Motion Picture

Kinoshita Keisuke was one of Japan’s most popular motion-picture directors, known for satirical social comedies. A motion-picture enthusiast from boyhood, Kinoshita attended Hamamatsu Technology School and Oriental Photography School. He became an assistant cameraman at the Shochiku Motion Picture

Kinosternidae, family of American turtles. See also mud turtle; musk

mud turtle, (genus Kinosternon), any of about 18 species of semiterrestrial freshwater turtles belonging to the family Kinosternidae. Mud turtles are found in North and South America from New England to northern Argentina. Like the related musk turtles (Sternotherus), they are small animals

mud turtle: …some species, such as the striped mud turtle (K. baurii), survive drought periods through estivation (dormancy) under a shallow layer of mud.

turtle: Egg development and hatching: A few species, including the scorpion mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) of Central and South America and the northern snake-necked turtle (Chelodina rugosa) of Australia, have embryonic diapause, in which development stops soon after an egg is deposited. Diapause is usually triggered by an environmental stimulus, and development resumes

turtle: Habitats: The eastern mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum) is commonly considered an aquatic turtle, yet it spends the summer months in dormancy, estivating beneath vegetation in woodlands adjacent to its pond and stream habitats. The alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temmincki) lives in the deep, slow-moving streams and backwaters of the U.S.…

nishiki-e: …the technique is attributed to Kinroku, and its greatest early master was Suzuki Harunobu.

Kinross-shire, historic county in central Scotland, which lies entirely within Perth and Kinross council area. It encompasses the basin of the lake known as Loch Leven and the surrounding rim of hills, including part of the Ochil Hills. Kinross-shire is the second smallest historic county in

Kinross, small burgh (town), Perth and Kinross council area, historic county of Kinross-shire, Scotland, located on Loch Leven. The burgh, 30 miles (50 km) north of Edinburgh along the motorway (superhighway) to Perth, is primarily a residential town, with a local agricultural market centre and a

Kinross-shire: Another architectural landmark is Kinross House (1685–92), designed by Sir William Bruce and situated just east of Kinross on Loch Leven.

Kinross-shire, historic county in central Scotland, which lies entirely within Perth and Kinross council area. It encompasses the basin of the lake known as Loch Leven and the surrounding rim of hills, including part of the Ochil Hills. Kinross-shire is the second smallest historic county in

crowdsourcing: How crowdsourcing solves problems: … pandemic, when a company named Kinsa Health collected anonymous data from its IoT-connected body thermometers to identify infection patterns. It shared the data with health authorities in the United States so that they could better understand how the virus was spreading. The same system is used to track influenza and…

Kinsale, market town and seaport of County Cork, Ireland. It is situated on Kinsale Harbour, at the estuary of the River Bandon. The present town dates mainly to the 18th century, but earlier it belonged to the De Courcis family. It received a charter of incorporation from Edward III (reigned

daimyo: The kinsei (“early modern”) daimyo, as the daimyo of the Tokugawa period were called, differed from their predecessors in being more nearly petty monarchs within their domains. Their own samurai vassals, or retainers, were no longer holders of outlying castles but had been drawn off the…

Thomas Kinsella was an Irish poet whose sensitive lyrics deal with primal aspects of the human experience, often in a specifically Irish context. Kinsella acquired a series of grants and scholarships that allowed him to attend University College in Dublin, where he studied physics and chemistry

David Harbour: Career: …Kinsey, in the biographical drama Kinsey (2004). He went on to land minor roles in high-profile films, such as Steven Spielberg’s science-fiction thriller War of the Worlds (2005) and Ang Lee’s romantic drama Brokeback Mountain (2005). He was also cast in prominent supporting roles, including a turn as CIA agent

Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, a nonprofit corporation affiliated with Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, U.S., founded in 1947 under the sponsorship of the zoologist Alfred C. Kinsey, with whose pioneering studies of American sexual behaviour the institute

Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, statistical study published in 1948 by A.C. Kinsey and his associates W.B. Pomeroy and C.E. Martin, the first of its kind. Both this work and Kinsey’s Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953) relied on personal interviews. Sexual Behavior in the Human Male

Alfred Kinsey: …Kinsey scale first appeared, and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953). These reports, based on 18,500 personal interviews, indicated a wide variation in behaviour and sexual orientation. Although interviews were carefully conducted and certain statistical criteria met, the studies were criticized because of irregularities in sampling and the general…

Kinsey scale, visual model used to describe one’s sexual orientation at a given time, based on responses to statements and questions. The scale ranges from zero to six, zero signifying exclusive heterosexuality and six signifying exclusive homosexuality. One through five indicate increasing levels

Alfred Kinsey was an American zoologist and student of human sexual behaviour. Kinsey, a graduate of Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine (B.S., 1916), and of Harvard (doctor of science, 1920), taught zoology and botany at Harvard before joining the faculty of Indiana University as an assistant

Alfred Kinsey was an American zoologist and student of human sexual behaviour. Kinsey, a graduate of Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine (B.S., 1916), and of Harvard (doctor of science, 1920), taught zoology and botany at Harvard before joining the faculty of Indiana University as an assistant

kinship, system of social organization based on real or putative family ties. The modern study of kinship can be traced back to mid-19th-century interests in comparative legal institutions and philology. In the late 19th century, however, the cross-cultural comparison of kinship institutions became

Jinsha River, westernmost of the major headwater streams of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang), southwestern China. Its headwaters rise in the Wulan and Kekexili (Hoh Xil) ranges in western Qinghai province, to the south of the Kunlun Mountains, and on the northern slope of the Tanggula (Dangla)

Kinshasa, largest city and capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It lies about 320 miles (515 km) from the Atlantic Ocean on the south bank of the Congo River. One of the largest cities of sub-Saharan Africa, it is a special political unit equivalent to a Congolese region, with its own

kinship, system of social organization based on real or putative family ties. The modern study of kinship can be traced back to mid-19th-century interests in comparative legal institutions and philology. In the late 19th century, however, the cross-cultural comparison of kinship institutions became

kinship terminology, in anthropology, the system of names applied to categories of kin standing in relationship to one another. The possibilities for such nomenclature would seem limitless, but anthropologists have identified a small number of basic systems that are found in all world societies.

Jinzhou, former town, southern Liaoning sheng (province), China. Now administratively a district under the city of Dalian, it is situated on Jinzhou Bay, a part of the Bo Hai (Gulf of Chihli), and on the neck of the Liaodong Peninsula immediately northeast of Dalian. Jinzhou is an important

Klaus Kinski: …was reflected in his autobiography Ich bin so wild nach deinem Erdbeermund (1975; “I Am So Wild About Your Strawberry Mouth”; rereleased in 1988 as Kinski Uncut). He disdained his chosen profession, once saying, “I wish I’d never been an actor. I’d rather have been a streetwalker, selling my body,…

Klaus Kinski was an intense, eccentric German actor of Polish descent who had a stage and film career of more than 40 years and who was best known for his riveting performances in the films of Werner Herzog. Kinski’s family moved from Poland to Germany during the Great Depression of the 1930s.

automobile: The age of steam: …Read of Salem, Massachusetts, and Apollos Kinsley of Hartford, Connecticut, both of whom ran steam vehicles during the period 1790–1800. In March 1863 the magazine Scientific American described tests of a vehicle that weighed only 650 pounds (about 300 kg) and achieved a speed of 20 miles (30 km) per…

T.M. Aluko: Kinsman and Foreman (1966) incorporates Aluko’s professional experiences into a penetrating study of an idealistic young engineer’s battle against the corrupt practices of his highly respected public works foreman, who is also his uncle. Chief the Honourable Minister (1970) satirizes the calamity resulting from a…

Kinston, city, seat (1791) of Lenoir county, east-central North Carolina, U.S. It lies at the head of navigation on the Neuse River, about 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Goldsboro. Settled as a planters’ trading post in 1740 by William Heritage, it was incorporated as Kingston in 1762, named for

Kinta Valley, West Malaysia (Malaya), one of the most productive and easily worked tin regions in the world. Formed by the Sungai (River) Kinta (a tributary of the Sungai Perak), the valley lies between the Keledang (formerly Kledang [west]) and Main (east) ranges. It forms the largest field along

Iwakuni: Iwakuni is noted for its Kintai Bridge over the Nishiki River, which has five gracefully arched spans. The bridge was originally built in 1673 to afford residents an escape from floods of the river. It was destroyed in a flood in 1950 but was rebuilt as before. Its shape leads…

Iwakuni: Iwakuni is noted for its Kintai Bridge over the Nishiki River, which has five gracefully arched spans. The bridge was originally built in 1673 to afford residents an escape from floods of the river. It was destroyed in a flood in 1950 but was rebuilt as before. Its shape leads…

Hideo Nomo: …he was drafted by the Kintetsu Buffaloes of the Japanese Pacific League (see also Japanese baseball leagues). Nomo had a record of 78–46 with an earned run average (ERA) of 3.08 while pitching for five seasons (1990–94) for Kintetsu. Because Japanese baseball clubs own the rights to a player for…

Modoc and Klamath: …to the American military as Captain Jack, left the reservation. Federal efforts to induce this group’s return precipitated the Modoc War of 1872–73, in which about 80 warriors and their families retreated to the California Lava Beds, a land of complex ravines and caves; there they mounted an effective resistance.…

kintsugi, traditional Japanese technique of repairing ceramics with lacquer and a metal powder that is usually made from gold or silver. The centuries-old practice is often used to mend treasured objects by beautifying the cracks, which serve as a visual record of the object’s history. Although

Death Cab for Cutie: …for Cutie’s eighth studio release, Kintsugi (2015), was the last to feature founding member Walla, who left after its completion. It was the first recording not produced by him, and it exhibited a pop-rock sensibility. Thank You for Today (2018) featured Dave Depper and Zac Rae on guitar and keyboards…

dress: Japan: …of this period being called kinu, the men’s trousers hakama, and the women’s skirts mo.

creole languages: …in the Central African Republic; Kinubi, based on the Arabic language and spoken in Uganda; and Kikongo-Kituba and Lingala, which are based on Kikongo-Kimanyanga and Bobangi, respectively, and are spoken in both the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo.

Kinugasa Teinosuke was the first Japanese motion-picture director to present his story from the point of view of one of the characters and thus create a subjective world in a film. He also pioneered in the use of flashbacks and in the creation of visual atmospheric effect. From 1917 to 1922

Rwanda language, a Bantu language spoken by some 12 million people primarily in Rwanda and to a lesser extent in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Tanzania. The Bantu languages form a subgroup of the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. Rwanda is closely

Juliette Augusta Magill Kinzie was an American pioneer and writer, remembered for her accounts of the indigenous peoples and settlers of early Chicago and the Midwest. Juliette Magill was educated at home, in a New Haven, Connecticut, boarding school, and briefly at Emma Willard’s Troy (New York)

United States: Stalled voting rights legislation, the fate of the filibuster, and the appointment of Ketanji Brown Jackson to the U.S. Supreme Court: Adam Kinzinger of Illinois. Both were censured by the Republican Party for having done so, and Cheney was deprived of her leadership post as the House’s third-ranking Republican. The investigation began in July 2021.

Alien Tort Claims Act: …2013 the court ruled in Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum, regarding a foreign petroleum corporation’s alleged complicity in human rights abuses in Nigeria, that the ATCA generally does not apply to torts committed in foreign countries—though exceptions are possible in cases “where the claims touch and concern the territory of…

Kyoga Lake, lake located north of Lake Victoria in central Uganda, formed by the Victoria Nile in its middle course. The many-armed lake is shallow, with swampy, papyrus-reeded shores; masses of papyrus are broken loose by strong winds and at times have completely blocked the river. Navigation for

Quionga, village, Cabo (Cape) Delgado province, extreme northeastern Mozambique, East Africa, just south of the Rio Rovuma. In 1886 Germany and Portugal had agreed on the Rovuma as the boundary between then German East Africa (now Tanzania) and Portuguese Mozambique, but the Germans later claimed

kiosk, originally, in Islāmic architecture, an open circular pavilion consisting of a roof supported by pillars. The word has been applied to a wide variety of architectural elements. The summer palaces of the sultans of Turkey were called kiosks. A type of early Persian mosque, having a domed

e-health: E-health technologies: Kiosks, which are freestanding devices (usually computers), are used in e-health to provide interactive information to the user. Most information is provided through a series of interactive prompts on a touch screen. Kiosks can also be used to collect data and information from users. DVDs,…

Kiowa, North American Indians of Kiowa-Tanoan linguistic stock who are believed to have migrated from what is now southwestern Montana into the southern Great Plains in the 18th century. Numbering some 3,000 at the time, they were accompanied on the migration by Kiowa Apache, a small southern

Kiowa: …accompanied on the migration by Kiowa Apache, a small southern Apache band that became closely associated with the Kiowa. Guided by the Crow, the Kiowa learned the technologies and customs of the Plains Indians and eventually formed a lasting peace with the Comanche, Arapaho, and Southern Cheyenne. The name Kiowa…

Aztec-Tanoan hypothesis: The four Kiowa-Tanoan languages are spoken in New Mexico, Arizona, and Oklahoma and formerly were also spoken in Texas.

Kipchoge (Kip) Keino’s superhuman efforts and determination at the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City were far more inspiring than the gold and silver medals he won. Keino, now one of Kenya’s most beloved national heroes, was suffering from severe abdominal pains (later attributed to gallbladder

Haleakala National Park: …now includes that volcanic crater, Kipahulu Valley (added 1951), and the pools of the ‘Ohe‘o Gulch area (added 1969) on the eastern slope.

Gulf of Kiparissía, broad inlet of the Ionian Sea (Modern Greek: Ióvio Pélagos) of the western Peloponnese (Pelopónnisos), Greece, about 35 mi (55 km) in width. Flanking the shallow estuary of the Alpheius, the chief river of the Peloponnese, a series of large lagoons extend southward 15 mi along

Kipchak, a loosely organized Turkic tribal confederation that by the mid-11th century occupied a vast, sprawling territory in the Eurasian Steppe, stretching from north of the Aral Sea westward to the region north of the Black Sea. Some tribes of the Kipchak confederation probably originated near

Golden Horde, Russian designation for the Ulus Juchi, the western part of the Mongol empire, which flourished from the mid-13th century to the end of the 14th century. The people of the Golden Horde were a mixture of Turks and Mongols, with the latter generally constituting the aristocracy. The

Hindu Kush: Study and exploration: …and the third was the Kipchak Pass, used by Genghis Khan in the early 13th century and by Bābur in 1504.