Philadelphia International Records: The Sound of Philadelphia: The Sound of Philadelphia in the 1970s was the bridge between Memphis soul and international disco and between Detroit pop and Hi-NRG (high energy; the ultrafast dance music popular primarily in gay clubs in the 1980s). African-American-run Philadelphia International Records was the vital label of…

Athol Fugard: Fugard also wrote the novel Tsotsi (1980; film 2005). Notebooks, 1960–1977 (1983) collects selections from Fugard’s journals, and Karoo, and Other Stories (2005) is a compilation of short stories and journal extracts. Fugard received a Tony Award for lifetime achievement in 2011 and the Japan Art Association’s Praemium Imperiale prize…

Zou Yan was a Chinese cosmologist of the ancient state of Qi (in present-day Shandong) and leading exponent of the Yinyang school. The only account of his life is a brief one in the Shiji (“Record of the Historian”). To him is attributed the association of the Five Phases (wuxing) theory with the

Aegean civilizations: History of exploration: Later in the 19th century, Christos Tsountas, a Greek archaeologist, dug cemeteries of earlier phases of the Bronze Age on other Cycladic islands and continued the work begun by Schliemann at Mycenae. At the end of the century, a British expedition excavated the important Bronze Age town of Phylakopi on…

Nakh languages: …group includes Chechen, Ingush, and Bats (Tsova-Tushian). Because Bats has no written form, its speakers use Georgian as their literary language. The Nakh group, sometimes called the Central Caucasian languages, is often classified by scholars with the Dagestanian languages (among which are Avar and Lezgian) in a Nakho-Dagestanian, or Northeast…

toxic shock syndrome, inflammatory disease characterized by high fever, headache, diarrhea, vomiting, irritability, sore throat, and rash. Abdominal tenderness, severe hypotension, shock, respiratory distress, and renal failure sometimes develop. The condition is caused by an exotoxin—that is, a

Tsu, capital, Mie ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies along the mouth of the Ano River, facing Ise Bay. Tsu developed around a 16th-century castle and served as a post town and trade centre for cotton during the Tokugawa era (1603–1867). A modern cotton mill established in Tsu in 1898 was

Zu Chongzhi was a Chinese astronomer, mathematician, and engineer who created the Daming calendar and found several close approximations for π. Like his grandfather and father, Zu Chongzhi was a state functionary. About 462 he submitted a memorandum to the throne that criticized the current

Zu Geng was a Chinese government official, mathematician, astronomer, and son of Zu Chongzhi (429–500). Beginning in 504, Zu Geng actively advocated his father’s calendar (the Daming calendar) and finally succeeded in getting it officially adopted in 510. His astronomical observations with gnomons

Yojimbo: …the sequel Tsubaki Sanjūrō (1962; Sanjuro), in which Mifune’s character helps a group of naive samurai fight corrupt officials in their clan.

Tsubouchi Shōyō was a playwright, novelist, critic, and translator who occupied a prominent position in Japanese letters for nearly half a century. He wrote the first major work of modern Japanese literary criticism, Shōsetsu shinzui (1885–86; The Essence of the Novel), translated the complete

Tsubouchi Shōyō was a playwright, novelist, critic, and translator who occupied a prominent position in Japanese letters for nearly half a century. He wrote the first major work of modern Japanese literary criticism, Shōsetsu shinzui (1885–86; The Essence of the Novel), translated the complete

Tsuchiura, city, Ibaraki ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the western shore of Lake Kasumi. A castle was constructed on the city site during the Muromachi period (1338–1573), and Tsuchiura grew to be a flourishing centre of land and sea transportation. Fishing was also highly developed. The

Latin American art: Trends, c. 1970–present: A painter of Japanese-Peruvian descent, Tilsa Tsuchiya, used aspects of her Peruvian heritage to create her own folklore, notably of “birdwomen.” One of her paintings (1974) transformed the vertical, biomorphically carved “hitching-post” sun stone at Machu Picchu, the lost city of the Incas, into a figure rising like a Maya…

hemlock, (genus Tsuga), any of about 14 species of coniferous evergreen trees comprising the genus Tsuga of the family Pinaceae, native to North America and central and eastern Asia. Some are important timber trees, and many are popular ornamentals. Other plants commonly called hemlock include

hemlock: The eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) of North America, also called Canadian hemlock and hemlock spruce, usually is 18 to 30 metres (about 60 to 100 feet) tall and has a trunk 1.2 metres (4 feet) in diameter. Its dark green leaves have grooves on the upper…

hemlock: sieboldii) and the Japanese hemlock (T. diversifolia), both native to Japan, are grown as ornamentals in North America and Europe.

hemlock: The western hemlock (T. heterophylla), also known as hemlock fir and Prince Albert’s fir, is a timber tree often 60 metres (200 feet) tall, with a trunk 1.8 to 3 metres (6 to 10 feet) in diameter. Its wood is superior to that of all other…

hemlock: Siebold’s hemlock (T. sieboldii) and the Japanese hemlock (T. diversifolia), both native to Japan, are grown as ornamentals in North America and Europe.

Tsugaru Strait, strait of the northwest Pacific extending east from the Sea of Japan to the open ocean between the Japanese islands of Honshu (south) and Hokkaido. It is 15 to 25 miles (24 to 40 km) wide. The strait takes the Tsugaru Current, a warmer and saltier flow that is an extension of the

Tsugaru Warm Current, surface oceanic current, a branch of the East Korea Warm Current flowing into the Pacific Ocean. After flowing from the Sea of Japan through the Tsugaru Strait, the Tsugaru Warm Current passes along the eastern coast of

Tsugaru Strait, strait of the northwest Pacific extending east from the Sea of Japan to the open ocean between the Japanese islands of Honshu (south) and Hokkaido. It is 15 to 25 miles (24 to 40 km) wide. The strait takes the Tsugaru Current, a warmer and saltier flow that is an extension of the

Srong-brtsan-sgam-po: …the capital, the Tsuglagkhang, or Gtsug-lag-khang (Jokhang), Temple, which remains Tibetan Buddhism’s most sacred place.

Akihito was the emperor of Japan from 1989 to 2019. As scion of the oldest imperial family in the world, he was, according to tradition, the 125th direct descendant of Jimmu, Japan’s legendary first emperor. Akihito was the fifth child and eldest son of Emperor Hirohito and Empress Nagako. During

Jet Li: …collaboration with director and producer Tsui Hark.

Suo Masayuki: After the drama Tsui no shintaku (2012; The Terminal Trust), Suo directed the musical comedy Maiko wa redî (2014; Lady Maiko) and the historical dramedy Katsuben! (2019; Talking the Pictures).

Daniel C. Tsui is a Chinese-born American physicist who, with Horst L. Störmer and Robert B. Laughlin, received the 1998 Nobel Prize for Physics for the discovery that the electrons in a powerful magnetic field at very low temperatures can form a quantum fluid whose particles have fractional

Daniel C. Tsui is a Chinese-born American physicist who, with Horst L. Störmer and Robert B. Laughlin, received the 1998 Nobel Prize for Physics for the discovery that the electrons in a powerful magnetic field at very low temperatures can form a quantum fluid whose particles have fractional

Naomi Kawase: …with Tsuioku no dansu (2003; Letter from a Yellow Cherry Blossom), which chronicled the final days in the life of one of Kawase’s mentors, Kazuo Nishii, a photographer and film critic suffering from cancer. Her motion picture Sharasojyu (2003; Shara), about the family of a young boy who disappeared without…

lacquerwork: Chinese carved lacquer: carved lacquer of China (diaoqi) is particularly noteworthy. In this the lacquer was built up in the method described above, but to a considerable thickness. When several colours were used, successive layers of each colour of uniform thickness were arranged in the order in which they were to predominate.…

Tsutsumi Family: …prominent son of Yasujiro was Seiji (b. March 30, 1927), who in 1964 received only a single department store as his share of his father’s inheritance. But Seiji was able to parlay this property into the Seibu chain of luxury department stores, which by 1990 had become Japan’s largest department…

Japanese architecture: The Muromachi period: …a small study room, called tsuke shoin, containing a ledge used as a desk, shelves, and sliding shoji windows that opened onto an auspicious, usually man-made, view. The sprawling style of Heian-period construction, called shinden-zukuri, was modified to accommodate the reduced circumstances of the aesthete in the turbulent Muromachi period,…

Hagiwara Sakutarō: …poetry, Tsuki ni hoeru (Howling at the Moon), which irreversibly transformed modern Japanese verse. Hagiwara contended that “psychic terror” distinguished his work, and the first poem of the collection describes the nightmare of being buried alive. In his second poetry collection, Aoneko (1923; “Blue Cat”), Hagiwara presented himself as…

Japanese garden: Types of gardens: …nature of the terrain, either tsuki-yama (“artificial hills”) or hira-niwa (“level ground”), each having particular features. Tsuki-yama consists of hills and ponds, and hira-niwa consists of flat ground designed to represent a valley or moor; tsuki-yama may include a portion laid out as hira-niwa. Each type may, furthermore, be treated…

Izanagi and Izanami: …left eye, the moon god Tsukiyomi was born from his right eye, and the storm god Susanoo was born from his nose. In the Shintō religion, Izanagi’s bath is regarded as the founding of harai, the important ritual purification practices of Shintō.

Izanagi and Izanami: …left eye, the moon god Tsukiyomi was born from his right eye, and the storm god Susanoo was born from his nose. In the Shintō religion, Izanagi’s bath is regarded as the founding of harai, the important ritual purification practices of Shintō.

Izanagi and Izanami: …left eye, the moon god Tsukiyomi was born from his right eye, and the storm god Susanoo was born from his nose. In the Shintō religion, Izanagi’s bath is regarded as the founding of harai, the important ritual purification practices of Shintō.

Tsukuba Science City, city, Ibaraki ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan. It is located 35 miles (56 km) northeast of Tokyo just to the south of Mount Tsukuba. Surrounded by farmland, this highly planned research and education community incorporates five towns and one village and covers 110

Tsukuba Science City, city, Ibaraki ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan. It is located 35 miles (56 km) northeast of Tokyo just to the south of Mount Tsukuba. Surrounded by farmland, this highly planned research and education community incorporates five towns and one village and covers 110

Tsukuba Science City, city, Ibaraki ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan. It is located 35 miles (56 km) northeast of Tokyo just to the south of Mount Tsukuba. Surrounded by farmland, this highly planned research and education community incorporates five towns and one village and covers 110

Leo Esaki: …of several institutions, including the University of Tsukuba (1992–98) and Yokohama College of Pharmacy (2006– ).

monogatari: Tsukuri monogatari (courtly romance) are exemplified by Murasaki Shikibu’s incomparable masterpiece, Genji monogatari (c. 1010). Perhaps the finest work in all of Japanese literature and the first important novel in the world, it tells of Prince Genji, remarkable not for his martial or political talents…

Japanese music: Schools and genres: …of solo koto music is Tsukushi-goto. It was first noted in the late 16th century on the island of Kyushu where, over the centuries, court refugees and exiles gathered during upheavals in Kyōto. Earlier Chinese influences also are claimed as part of its creation, though historical facts are obscure. Tsukushi-goto…

Japanese architecture: The modern period: …a group of protégés, including Tsumaki Yorinaka (1859–1916). His design of the Nippon Kangyō Bank (1899; no longer extant) and Okada Shinichirō’s (1883–1932) Kabuki Theatre (1924) in Tokyo are representative of attempts to combine the grand scale of Western buildings with such traditional elements of Japanese architecture as tiled hip-gabled…

Tsumeb, company town, north-central Namibia. At an elevation of 4,232 feet (1,290 m), the town is a northern terminus of the country’s north-south railway and lies on a main trunk highway about 275 miles (440 km) north of Windhoek, the capital. In 1851 Sir Francis Galton, a British explorer, made

tsumi, in the Shintō religion of Japan, a state of defilement or impurity resulting from the commission of unnatural or criminal acts. Incest, contact with the pollution of blood or death, and agricultural vandalism are prominent examples of tsumi. The term also covered sickness, disaster, and

Kaukauveld: The settlement of Tsumkwe in Namibia was established to teach the San the principles of agriculture and animal husbandry.

zun, any of a wide range of ancient Chinese wine vessels. These forms are characterized by an ample interior volume for containing wine and a wide opening for drinking. There are two essential varieties of zun. One is shaped like a much enlarged gu—that is, tall and somewhat trumpet-shaped. The

Zunyi, city, northern Guizhou sheng (province), southern China. It is situated on the main route from the provincial capital of Guiyang in the south to Chongqing in the north. The city was brought under regular Chinese administration only in the early 7th century ce. A prefecture named Bo was set

tsunami, catastrophic ocean wave, usually caused by a submarine earthquake, an underwater or coastal landslide, or a volcanic eruption. The term tidal wave is frequently used for such a wave, but it is a misnomer, for the wave has no connection with the tides. After an earthquake or other

tsunami: Tsunami warning systems: The hazards presented by tsunamis have brought many countries in the Pacific basin to establish tsunami warning systems. A warning may begin with an alert by a geological society that an earthquake large enough to disturb the ocean’s surface (for instance, magnitude…

Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, tsunami that hit the coasts of several countries of South and Southeast Asia in December 2004. The tsunami and its aftermath were responsible for immense destruction and loss on the rim of the Indian Ocean. On December 26, 2004, at 7:59 am local time, an undersea

Tosa Mitsuoki was a Japanese painter of the early Edo period (1603–1867) who revived the Tosa school of painting (founded in the 15th century and devoted to the Yamato-e, or paintings specializing in subject matter and techniques derived from ancient Japanese art as opposed to schools influenced by

Wenxiang: …first principal director of the Zongli Yamen, which acted as the Chinese foreign office. In this position, until his death, he became popular with foreign diplomats for his straightforwardness. It was partly through his efforts that a détente was reached with the Western powers that lasted almost 20 years (1860–78).

Usman dan Fodio: The jihad: At the Battle of Tsuntua in December 1804, the Shaykh’s forces suffered a major defeat and were said to have lost 2,000 men, of whom 200 knew the Qurʾān by heart. But, after a successful campaign against Kebbi in the spring of 1805, they established a permanent…

Yoshida Kenkō: 1330; Essays in Idleness, 1967), became, especially after the 17th century, a basic part of Japanese education, and his views have had a prominent place in subsequent Japanese life.

shinden-zukuri: …corridors extended south, ending in tsuridono, small pavilions, creating a U-shaped arrangement around the court. Wealthier nobles built additional buildings behind the shinden and tainoya.

Tsuruga, city, Fukui ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It faces Tsuruga Bay of the Sea of Japan. A flourishing port since early historic times, it was one of the main centres of communication with the Asian mainland and a major shipment centre for the former national capitals of Nara and Kyōto.

Aizu-wakamatsu: …castle was rebuilt and named Tsuruga Castle. During the Edo (Tokugawa) period (1603–1867), Aizu-wakamatsu was an important commercial and manufacturing centre, famous for its lacquerware. It was held as a fief by a member of the Tokugawa family and was the scene of the last resistance to the Meiji Restoration…

Tsuruoka, city, Yamagata ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, in the Shōnai Plain. Tsuruoka developed as a castle town during the Tokugawa period (1603–1867), and most of its buildings are of that period. Traditional industries produce candles, silk textiles, and sake (rice wine). After the Meiji

Tsuruya Namboku IV was a Japanese Kabuki playwright of the late Tokugawa period (1603–1867), known for his plays with supernatural themes and macabre and grotesque characters. Little is known of his early years, but in 1755 he became an apprentice of the dramatist Sakurada Jisuke I. About 1780 he

Tsushima, archipelago, northwestern Nagasaki ken (prefecture), off the coast of southeastern Japan. The islands lie in the Korea Strait separating Japan and Korea, and divide the strait into the Tsushima Strait (west) and the Korea Strait (east). The archipelago consists principally of two rocky

Tsushima Current, surface oceanic current, the northeastward-flowing branch of the Kuroshio along the west coast of Japan. Entering the Sea of Japan through the Korea Strait, the Tsushima Current issues the East Korea Warm Current as a northern branch. It is primarily a spring and summer current

Dazai Osamu was a novelist who emerged at the end of World War II as the literary voice of his time. His dark, wry tone perfectly captured the confusion of postwar Japan, when traditional values were discredited and the younger generation nihilistically rejected all of the past. Born in northern

Korea Strait: …being often referred to as Tsushima Strait. The western channel was formerly called the Chōsen Strait.

Battle of Tsushima, (May 27–29, 1905), naval engagement of the Russo-Japanese War, the final, crushing defeat of the Russian navy in that conflict. The Japanese had been unable to secure the complete command of the sea because the Russian naval squadrons at Port Arthur and Vladivostok made sorties

Korea Strait: …being often referred to as Tsushima Strait. The western channel was formerly called the Chōsen Strait.

scrub typhus, acute infectious disease in humans that is caused by the parasite Orientia tsutsugamushi and is transmitted to humans by the bite of certain kinds of trombiculid mites, or chiggers. The causative agent of scrub typhus, the bacterium O. tsutsugamushi, is primarily a parasite of certain

Tsutsumi Family, family of Japanese businessmen who built two vast corporate empires as Japan made the transition from a manufacturing-based to a service-based economy in the late 20th century. Born into a peasant family, Tsutsumi Yasujiro (b. 1889, Shiga prefecture, Japan—d. April 26, 1964)

Tsutsumi Family: …prominent son of Yasujiro was Seiji (b. March 30, 1927), who in 1964 received only a single department store as his share of his father’s inheritance. But Seiji was able to parlay this property into the Seibu chain of luxury department stores, which by 1990 had become Japan’s largest department…

Tsutsumi Family: Born into a peasant family, Tsutsumi Yasujiro (b. 1889, Shiga prefecture, Japan—d. April 26, 1964) graduated from Waseda University in 1913. He founded the Kokudo Keikaku land-management company in 1918 and began buying real estate on a significant scale in the 1920s. He also entered politics, being elected to the…

Tsutsumi Family: Tsutsumi Yoshiaki (b. May 29, 1934) inherited the bulk of his father’s fortune, becoming president of Seibu Railway Co. and the principal shareholder in Kokudo Keikaku. The owner of the largest private railroad company in Japan, Yoshiaki built many hotels, amusement parks, resorts, golf courses,…

Sarcee, North American Plains Indians of Athabaskan linguistic stock who lived in the 18th and 19th centuries near the upper Saskatchewan and Athabaska rivers in the present provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, Can. They probably moved southward to this region near the end of the 17th century

Tsuyama, city, northeastern Okayama ken (prefecture), western Honshu, Japan. It lies along the upper Yoshii River, in the centre of the Tsuyama basin. A castle was built there in 1442. An important post town during the Edo (Tokugawa) period (1603–1867), Tsuyama is still a centre of traditional home

Japanese music: Melodic principles: …basic styles, the strong (tsuyogin) and the lyric (yowagin). Their differences are most evident in the placement of fundamental tones and the use of auxiliary tones around them. In the lyric style the three basic tones (jō, chū, and ge) are a fourth apart. The movement to and from…

Utagawa Kuniyoshi: …his series of prints entitled Tsūzoku Suikoden gōketsu hyakuhachinin (“One Hundred and Eight Popular Warrior Heroes from Shui-hu ch’uan”), published in about 1827. He also produced landscapes, frequently using Western perspective. Among the most famous of these are the 10-print series Tōto meisho (“Famous Sights of Edo”) and the five-print…

tsuzumi, any of a family of Japanese two-headed drums with hourglass-shaped (waisted) bodies. The two most commonly used tsuzumi are the ko-tsuzumi and the ō-tsuzumi, found in the music of Noh and Kabuki theatres. Although the ko-tsuzumi and the ō-tsuzumi are quite similar in appearance, the manner

tsuzure, Japanese tapestry, the full name of which is tsuzure-nishiki (“polychrome tapestry”). They were usually woven of silk on cotton warp covered with silk, gold, or silver threads. Tsuzure techniques reached Japan from China in the late 15th or early 16th century during the Muromachi

tsuzure, Japanese tapestry, the full name of which is tsuzure-nishiki (“polychrome tapestry”). They were usually woven of silk on cotton warp covered with silk, gold, or silver threads. Tsuzure techniques reached Japan from China in the late 15th or early 16th century during the Muromachi

Allianz Arena: …two teams: Bayern Munich and TSV 1860. Bayern plays in red, TSV in blue, so the architects devised a way in which the stadium could be transformed, glowing like a beacon in different colors from one week to the next. They chose to clad the 75,000-seat stadium in ethylene tetrafluoroethylene…

Morgan Tsvangirai was a Zimbabwean opposition leader and trade union activist known for his dissent against the policies of Zimbabwe’s longtime president Robert Mugabe. He formed a power-sharing government with Mugabe and served as prime minister (2009–13). Tsvangirai failed in his attempt to

Sergey Yosifovich Paradzhanov: …further with Tsvet granata (1969; The Colour of Pomegranates, or Sayat Nova), in which he used ancient Armenian music to enhance symbolic episodes drawn from the colorful life of 18th-century Armenian poet Sayat-Nova. In 1974 he was tried on a range of charges, including homosexuality, currency offenses, and “dealing in…

Mikhail Semyonovich Tsvet was a Russian botanist who developed the adsorption chromatography technique of separating plant pigments by extracting them from leaves with ether and alcohol and percolating the solution through a column of calcium carbonate. Tsvet studied in Geneva, Switz., receiving

Marina Ivanovna Tsvetayeva was a Russian poet whose verse is distinctive for its staccato rhythms, originality, and directness and who, though little known outside Russia, is considered one of the finest 20th-century poets in the Russian language. Tsvetayeva spent her youth predominantly in Moscow,

Mikhail Semyonovich Tsvet was a Russian botanist who developed the adsorption chromatography technique of separating plant pigments by extracting them from leaves with ether and alcohol and percolating the solution through a column of calcium carbonate. Tsvet studied in Geneva, Switz., receiving

Yiddish literature: The classic writers: Peretz’s masterpiece is Tsvishn tsvey berg (1900; “Between Two Peaks”), narrated by a young Hasidic man. The story subtly balances Hasidic and anti-Hasidic views. These texts inspired the neo-Hasidism of authors such as Martin Buber, but Peretz himself did not romanticize Hasidic life.

The Dybbuk, expressionistic drama in four acts by S. Ansky, performed in 1920 in Yiddish as Der Dibek and published the following year. Originally titled Tsvishn Tsvey Veltn (“Between Two Worlds”), the play was based on the mystical concept from Ḥasidic Jewish folklore of the dybbuk, a disembodied

Pygmy: …is the large group of Tswa (Batswa), who, like the Twa, have adopted much of the culture and language of neighbouring tribes. They live largely by fishing and trapping.

Tswana, westerly division of the Sotho, a Bantu-speaking people of South Africa and Botswana. The Tswana comprise several groupings, the most important of which, numerically speaking, are the Hurutshe, Kgatla, Kwena, Rolong, Tlhaping, and Tlokwa. They numbered about four million at the turn of the

Mikhail Semyonovich Tsvet was a Russian botanist who developed the adsorption chromatography technique of separating plant pigments by extracting them from leaves with ether and alcohol and percolating the solution through a column of calcium carbonate. Tsvet studied in Geneva, Switz., receiving

Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX), the largest stock exchange in Canada and one of the largest in North America. It opened in 1861 with 18 stock listings and has since become an innovator in securities-trading technology. The Toronto Stock Exchange, which originally used the acronym TSE, was the first

Aleksandr Pushkin: At Mikhaylovskoye: …1824 he published Tsygany (The Gypsies), begun earlier as part of the “southern cycle.” At Mikhaylovskoye, too, he wrote the provincial chapters of Yevgeny Onegin; the poem Graf Nulin (1827; “Count Nulin”), based on the life of the rural gentry; and, finally, one of his major works, the historical…

eclipse: Prediction and calculation of solar and lunar eclipses: …made some years ahead in Terrestrial Time (TT), which is defined by the orbital motion of Earth and the other planets. At the time of the eclipse, the correction is made to Universal Time (UT), which is defined by the rotation of Earth and is not rigorously uniform.

Tourist Trophy races, best known and most demanding of the European motorcycle races. First run in 1907 on the Isle of Man off the northwestern coast of England, the race attracted many riders from all over England and the European continent. The race was originally intended for motorcycles

nuclear winter: …ambitious study, known as the TTAPS study (from the initials of the last names of its authors, R.P. Turco, O.B. Toon, T.P. Ackerman, J.B. Pollack, and Carl Sagan), took into consideration the crucial factor of smoke and soot arising from the burning petroleum fuels and plastics in nuclear-devastated cities. (Smoke…

Toronto: Transportation: …came the creation of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) to provide public transportation for the whole region. New subway lines and extensions were added to the system, although many were delayed because of a lack of funding. Other changes to the transit system included phasing out the trolleys. To facilitate…

creativity: Individual qualities of creative persons: …a means of assessment, the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT), that accounts for all of these skills. The TTCT became one of the most widely used measures of creativity. Torrance provided additional support for his approach in follow-up studies of his subjects after 7, 12, and 22 years, and…

organosulfur compound: Sulfides: …heterocyclic sulfur compounds—such as thiophene, tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), and the bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) cation—as organic metals and superconductors (e.g., for use as switching elements and light-emitting diodes). Indeed, the 2000 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, awarded to American chemists Alan J. Heeger and Alan G. MacDiarmid and Japanese chemist Shirakawa Hideki, recognized the…

mesothelioma: Survival prediction and treatment: Tumour-treating field (TTF) therapy, in which an electric field is used to impair tumour cell division, may be given in combination with certain chemotherapeutic agents to combat malignant pleural mesothelioma.

test of teaching knowledge (TTK), any of various tests used to assess teachers’ knowledge before, during, and after teacher preparation programs. TTKs are designed to identify an individual’s degree of formal teacher preparation, if any, and to predict teaching success. In general, three types of