Kitami Mountains: …surrounding area and rises to Mount Teshio (5,112 feet [1,558 metres]).

Teshio Range, mountain range, northwestern Hokkaido, northern Japan. It extends southward for nearly 125 miles (200 km) from Cape Sōya on La Perouse Strait, across the transverse gorge of the Ishikari River, to the Yūbari Mountains. The Kitami Mountains lie to the east across the valley of the

Teshub, in the religions of Asia Minor, the Hurrian weather god, assimilated by the Hittites to their own weather god, Tarhun (q.v.). Several myths about Teshub survive in Hittite versions. One, called the “Theogony,” relates that Teshub achieved supremacy in the pantheon after the gods Alalu, Anu,

Judaism: The ethically bound creature: …idea, even though the term teshuva (“turning”) came into use only in rabbinic sources. Basically, the idea grows out of the covenant: the opportunity to return to God is the result of God’s unwillingness—despite human failures—to break off the covenant relationship. Rabbinic thought assumed that even the direst warnings of…

Cieszyn, city, Śląskie województwo (province), southern Poland. It is located on the Olza River in the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains. Situated on the Polish-Czech border, the city is essentially divided by the Olza; the newer Czech side is known as Český Těšín. A primary Polish Silesian

Teschen, eastern European duchy centred on the town of Teschen (Cieszyn; q.v.) that was contested and then divided by Poland and Czechoslovakia after World War I. Originally a principality linked to the Polish duchy of Silesia, Teschen was attached with Silesia to the Bohemian crown in 1335; in

Lake Ysyk: …feet [4,771 metres]) and the Teskey Ala (up to 17,113 feet [5,216 metres]) frame the Lake Ysyk basin with steep slopes and rocky crests. The basin’s climate is warm, dry, and temperate. Air temperatures in July on the shore average about 62 °F (17 °C); in January, on the western…

tesla, unit of magnetic induction or magnetic flux density in the metre–kilogram–second system (SI) of physical units. One tesla equals one weber per square metre, corresponding to 104 gauss. It is named for Nikola Tesla (q.v.). It is used in all work involving strong magnetic fields, while the

Ethan Hawke: …following year he starred in Tesla, a biopic about the Serbian American inventor. He next created and starred in the TV miniseries The Good Lord Bird (2020), an adaptation of James McBride’s novel about abolitionist John Brown. Hawke’s credits from 2021 include the political thriller Zeros and Ones and an…

Tesla, Inc.: Tesla under Musk: New models, battery technology, and solar energy: The Tesla Autopilot, a form of semiautonomous driving, was made available in 2014 on the Model S (and later on other models).

Tesla coil, an electrical transformer that uses high-frequency alternating current (AC) to increase voltage. Because of its extremely high voltage, the electricity in a Tesla coil can travel through the air, powering—or damaging—nearby electronic devices, often with arcs of lightninglike

Tesla, Inc.: 2020s: Model Y, Cybertruck, and more experimentation: …and a pickup truck, the Cybertruck. Although the Cybertruck was slated for production in 2021, supply chain disruptions, design, and production issues pushed its rollout back two years. By the time Tesla began making Cybertruck deliveries in late 2023, it boasted a reservation backlog of 2 million vehicles, despite the…

Tesla, Inc.: Tesla under Musk: New models, battery technology, and solar energy: …a more inexpensive vehicle, the Model 3, a four-door sedan with a range of up to 353 miles (568 km) and a price of $35,000, began production in 2017. The car had an all-glass roof, and most controls were on a 15-inch (38-cm) central touchscreen. The Model 3 became Tesla’s…

Tesla, Inc.: Tesla under Musk: New models, battery technology, and solar energy: …to concentrate on its new Model S sedan, which was acclaimed by automotive critics for its performance and design. It came with three different battery options, which gave estimated ranges of 235 or 300 miles (378 or 483 km). The battery option with the highest performance gave an acceleration of…

Tesla, Inc.: Tesla under Musk: New models, battery technology, and solar energy: Tesla released the Model X, a “crossover” vehicle (i.e., a vehicle with features of a sport utility vehicle but built on a car chassis), in 2015. The Model X had a maximum battery range of about 340 miles (547 km) and seating for up to seven.

Tesla, Inc.: 2020s: Model Y, Cybertruck, and more experimentation: …Tesla released another crossover, the Model Y, which was smaller and less expensive than the Model X and shared many of the same parts with the Model 3. Sales of the Model Y quickly became comparable to that of the Model 3, and in 2023, the Model Y became Tesla’s…

Tesla, Inc. is an American manufacturer of electric automobiles, solar panels, and batteries for cars and home power storage. It was founded in 2003 by American entrepreneurs Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning and was named after Serbian American inventor Nikola Tesla. It quickly became one of the

Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning: …that its innovative, completely electric Tesla Roadster prototype had achieved an unprecedented range of 245 miles (394 km) on a single charge in company tests. Additional tests showed that the then $98,000 (later $109,000) sports car could accelerate from 0 to 60 mph (96 km/hr) in less than four seconds…

Tesla coil, an electrical transformer that uses high-frequency alternating current (AC) to increase voltage. Because of its extremely high voltage, the electricity in a Tesla coil can travel through the air, powering—or damaging—nearby electronic devices, often with arcs of lightninglike

Tesla, Inc. is an American manufacturer of electric automobiles, solar panels, and batteries for cars and home power storage. It was founded in 2003 by American entrepreneurs Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning and was named after Serbian American inventor Nikola Tesla. It quickly became one of the

Nikola Tesla was a Serbian American inventor and engineer who discovered and patented the rotating magnetic field, the basis of most alternating-current machinery. He also developed the three-phase system of electric power transmission. He immigrated to the United States in 1884 and sold the patent

crustacean: Annotated classification: >Tesnusocaris. Class Maxillopoda Five pairs of head appendages; single, simple, median eye; antennules uniramous; maxillae usually present; up to 11 trunk segments; over 23,000 species. Subclass Thecostraca Bivalved carapace of cypris larva forms an enveloping mantle in the adult;

Teso, people of central Uganda and Kenya who speak Teso (Ateso), an Eastern Sudanic (Nilotic) language of the Nilo-Saharan language family. The Teso are counted among the most progressive farmers of Uganda; they quickly took to ox plows when they began cultivating cotton in the early 1900s. Millet

Turkish literature: Movements and poets: …the mid-17th century is the Teşrîfâtʾ üs-şuarâ of Edirneli Güftî, written in 1660–61—the only Ottoman tezkire composed as a mesnevî. It was not commissioned nor apparently presented to any patron, and its major function seems to have been as a means for the author to satirize and slander many of…

extrasolar planet: Directions for future research: The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), launched on April 18, 2018, is designed to study more than 200,000 stars in an effort to detect hundreds of Earth-sized planets.

Roman Polanski: His subsequent films included Tess (1979), based on Thomas Hardy’s novel Tess of the d’Urbervilles; Frantic (1988), a suspense film; Bitter Moon (1992), an erotic comedy; and Death and the Maiden (1994), a psychological drama adapted from a play by the Chilean author Ariel Dorfman. In 1989 Polanski married…

Tess of the d’Urbervilles, novel by English novelist Thomas Hardy, first published serially in bowdlerized form in the Graphic (July–December 1891) and in its entirety in book form (three volumes) the same year. It was subtitled A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented because Hardy felt that its heroine

Mary Pickford: With the release of Tess of the Storm Country in 1914, she was firmly established as “America’s Sweetheart.” In 1917 First National Films paid her $350,000 for each of three films, including the very successful Daddy-Long-Legs (1919).

Wadi Majardah: …Mellègue (Wadi Mallāq) and the Oued Tessa (Wadi Tassah). Main riverine settlements include Souk Ahras, in Algeria, and Jendouba (Jundūbah), in Tunisia.

el-Kelaa des Srarhna: The Oued (stream) Tessaout valley in the eastern part of the province contains fertile mounds of silt (dirs) washed down from the Haut (High) Atlas mountains. The Tessaont valley has had regulated irrigation since the completion of the Aït Adel dam (in nearby Azilal province) in 1971; crops…

tesseract, geometric shape that is the four-dimensional equivalent of the three-dimensional cube. Because a tesseract cannot be accurately pictured in two or three dimensions, it is often approximated as a cube within a cube. British mathematician Charles Howard Hinton first introduced the

tessellated pavement, interior or exterior floor covering composed of stone tesserae (Latin: “dice”), cubes, or other regular shapes closely fitted together in simple or complex designs with a durable and waterproof cement, mortar, clay, or grout. Deriving from Greek pebble mosaic (q.v.) pavings of

Japanese art: Painting: …known as “wire lines” (tessen-byō). Like the Hōryū pagoda sculptures, the wall paintings suggest the influence of Tang style.

Aphrodite Terra: Both are composed primarily of tessera (Latin: “mosaic tile”) terrain. Extraordinarily rugged and highly deformed, tessera terrain typically displays several different trends of parallel ridges and troughs that cut across one another with a very complex geometry. This topography may have been formed by several episodes of mountain building and…

tessera, in mosaic work, a small piece of stone, glass, ceramic, or other hard material cut in a cubical or some other regular shape. The earliest tesserae, which by 200 bc had replaced natural pebbles in Hellenistic mosaics, were cut from marble and limestone. Stone tesserae remained dominant in

tesseract, geometric shape that is the four-dimensional equivalent of the three-dimensional cube. Because a tesseract cannot be accurately pictured in two or three dimensions, it is often approximated as a cube within a cube. British mathematician Charles Howard Hinton first introduced the

tessera, in mosaic work, a small piece of stone, glass, ceramic, or other hard material cut in a cubical or some other regular shape. The earliest tesserae, which by 200 bc had replaced natural pebbles in Hellenistic mosaics, were cut from marble and limestone. Stone tesserae remained dominant in

bokuseki: … (1275–1351), Sesson Yūbai (1290–1346), and Tesshū Tokusai (fl. 1342–66).

comic strip: The 19th century: …Ross, it was his wife, Marie Duval (pseudonym of the French actress Emilie de Tessier), Europe’s first (and still obstinately unrecognized) professional woman cartoonist, who developed the character Ally Sloper. Featured in roughly 130 strips in Judy—an imitator of Punch magazine—and in albums published separately between 1869 and the 1880s,…

Ticino, canton, southern Switzerland; wedge shaped, it protrudes into Italy to the west and south and is bounded by the cantons of Valais and Uri to the north and Graubünden to the northeast. About two-thirds of its area is reckoned as productive, much of it forested. The remainder consists of

Carl Gustaf, Count Tessin was a Swedish court official, statesman, and writer who was a founder of the 18th-century parliamentary Hat Party and an influential adviser to the court of Adolf Frederick. Carl Tessin was the son of the architect and court superintendent Nicodemus Tessin the Younger. He

Nicodemus Tessin, the Elder was the most eminent Swedish architect of his period, whose principal work is the Drottningholm palace. Early in his career Tessin worked under the Swedish Royal Architect Simon de la Vallee, whose style remained an important influence. He was named de la Vallee’s

Nicodemus Tessin the Younger was a notable Swedish Baroque architect. The son of the architect Nicodemus Tessin the Elder, he took over his father’s position as Stockholm’s city architect after studying in Paris and Rome during the 1670s. He completed his father’s Drottningholm palace and then

tessitura, (Italian: “texture”), in music, the general range of pitches found in a melody or vocal part. It differs from the compass of a piece to the extent that it does not take into account the extremes of the piece’s range but is concerned with the way in which the vocal line is arranged or

test, in zoology, a protective, loose-fitting shell secreted by some protozoans (especially foraminiferans and radiolarians). In most species the organic test contains inorganic materials that may be foreign objects (e.g., sand grains, shell fragments) or substances secreted by the organism

aragonite: …element in the shells and tests of many marine invertebrates. These animals can secrete the mineral from waters that would ordinarily yield only calcite; they do so by physiological mechanisms that are not fully understood.

tunicate: …embedded in a tough secreted tunic containing cellulose (a glucose polysaccharide not normally found in animals). The less modified forms are benthic (bottom-dwelling and sessile), while the more advanced forms are pelagic (floating and swimming in open water). A characteristic tadpole larva develops in the life cycle, and in one…

test act, in England, Scotland, and Ireland, any law that made a person’s eligibility for public office depend upon his profession of the established religion. In Scotland, the principle was adopted immediately after the Reformation, and an act of 1567 made profession of the reformed faith a

cricket: The Cricket Council and the ECB: The Cricket Council, comprising the Test and County Cricket Board (TCCB), the National Cricket Association (NCA), and the MCC, was the result of these efforts. The TCCB, which amalgamated the Advisory County Cricket Committee and the Board of Control of Test Matches at Home, had responsibility for all first-class and…

research and development: Company laboratories: Test laboratories may serve a whole company or group of companies or only a single manufacturing establishment. They are responsible for monitoring the quality of output. This often requires chemical, physical, and metallurgical analyses of incoming materials, as well as checks at every stage of…

cricket: Test matches: The first Test match, played by two national teams, was between Australia and England in Melbourne in 1877, with Australia winning. When Australia again won at the Oval at Kennington, London, in 1882, the Sporting Times printed an obituary notice announcing that English…

test of teaching knowledge (TTK), any of various tests used to assess teachers’ knowledge before, during, and after teacher preparation programs. TTKs are designed to identify an individual’s degree of formal teacher preparation, if any, and to predict teaching success. In general, three types of

Victor Fleming: The 1930s: The snappy Test Pilot (1938) was almost as good, with Gable, Loy, and Tracy forming an atypical but interesting romantic triangle.

Test Valley, borough (district), administrative and historic county of Hampshire, southern England, occupying a mostly rural area in the northwestern part of the county. The town of Andover, in the northern part of the district, is the administrative centre. Situated directly north of the port of

psychological testing, the systematic use of tests to quantify psychophysical behaviour, abilities, and problems and to make predictions about psychological performance. The word “test” refers to any means (often formally contrived) used to elicit responses to which human behaviour in other

animal disease: Disease prevention, control, and eradication: …United States, for example, the test-and-slaughter technique, in which simple tests are used to confirm the existence of diseased animals that are then slaughtered, has been of great value in controlling infectious and hereditary diseases, including dourine, a venereal disease in horses, fowl plague, and foot-and-mouth disease in cattle and…

Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty, treaty signed in Moscow on August 5, 1963, by the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom that banned all tests of nuclear weapons except those conducted underground. The origins of the treaty lay in worldwide public concern over the danger posed by

psychological testing: Primary characteristics of methods or instruments: In the test-retest method, scores of the same group of people from two administrations of the same test are correlated. If the time interval between administrations is too short, memory may unduly enhance the correlation. Or some people, for example, may look up words they missed on…

in vitro fertilization (IVF), medical procedure in which mature egg cells are removed from a woman, fertilized with male sperm outside the body, and inserted into the uterus of the same or another woman for normal gestation. Although IVF with reimplantation of fertilized eggs (ova) has long been

angiosperm: Seeds: …integuments, which develop into a seed coat that is usually hard. They are enclosed in the ovary of a carpel and thus are protected from the elements and predators.

philosophy of biology: Testing: One of the oldest objections to the thesis of natural selection is that it is untestable. Even some of Darwin’s early supporters, such as the British biologist T.H. Huxley (1825–95), expressed doubts on this score. A modern form of the objection was raised in…

Rudolf Carnap: Career in Vienna and Prague: …in full detail in his essay “Testability and Meaning” (1936–37). Carnap argued that the terms of empirical science are not fully definable in purely experiential terms but can at least be partly defined by means of “reduction sentences,” which are logically much-refined versions of operational definitions, and “observation sentences,” whose…

Spain: Economy: …important are the amphorae from Monte Testaccio, a hill in Rome, still some 160 feet (50 metres) high, that is composed mostly of the remains of amphorae in which olive oil had been carried from Baetica to Rome in the first three centuries ce. Wine from Baetica and Tarraconensis, even…

testacean, any member of the protozoan order Arcellinida (formerly Testacida) of the class Rhizopodea. Testaceans are usually encased in one-chambered tests, or shells, and usually found in fresh water, although sometimes they occur in salt water and in mossy soil. The test has an underlying

testacean, any member of the protozoan order Arcellinida (formerly Testacida) of the class Rhizopodea. Testaceans are usually encased in one-chambered tests, or shells, and usually found in fresh water, although sometimes they occur in salt water and in mossy soil. The test has an underlying

testacean, any member of the protozoan order Arcellinida (formerly Testacida) of the class Rhizopodea. Testaceans are usually encased in one-chambered tests, or shells, and usually found in fresh water, although sometimes they occur in salt water and in mossy soil. The test has an underlying

St. Francis of Assisi: The Franciscan rule of St. Francis of Assisi: …in his last writing, the Testament, composed shortly before his death in 1226, he declared unambiguously that absolute personal and corporate poverty was the essential lifestyle for the members of his order. It was not, however, mere external poverty he sought but the total denial of self (as in the…

testament, in literature, a tribute or an expression of conviction, as in Thomas Usk’s prose allegory The Testament of Love (c. 1384) and Robert Bridges’s poem The Testament of Beauty (1929). A literary testament can also be a kind of last will and testament, a form that was popular in France and

Vladimir II Monomakh: In his “Testament,” which he wrote for his sons and which constitutes the earliest known example of Old Russian literature written by a layman, Vladimir recounted participating in 83 noteworthy military campaigns and recorded killing 200 Polovtsy princes. In addition to his martial qualities, Vladimir Monomakh was…

will, legal means by which an owner of property disposes of his assets in the event of his death. The term is also used for the written instrument in which the testator’s dispositions are expressed. There is also an oral will, called a nuncupative will, valid only in certain jurisdictions, but

Sir David Lyndsay: The Testament and Complaynt of Our Soverane Lordis Papyngo (completed 1530), written to celebrate the king’s escape from the Douglases, is a mixture of satire, comedy, and moral instruction in which the king’s dying parrot gives advice to the king and court; and his An Answer…

St. Angela Merici: …her death she dictated her spiritual testament and her counsels to her nuns; they insist on interest in the individual, gentleness, and the efficacy of persuasion over force.

Fritz Lang: Early life and German films: Mabuse (1933; The Testament of Dr. Mabuse), a crime thriller that was overtly the sequel to Dr. Mabuse: The Gambler; covertly, it was intended by Lang as an anti-Nazi statement that equated the state and German dictator Adolph Hitler with criminality. Joseph Goebbels, Hitler’s minister of propaganda,…

Robert Bridges: …for his long philosophical poem The Testament of Beauty, published on his 85th birthday. Bridges was poet laureate from 1913 until his death.

Robert Henryson: In The Testament of Cresseid, a narrative and “complaint” in 86 stanzas, Henryson completes the story of Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde, giving a grim and tragic account of the faithless heroine’s rejection by her lover Diomede and her decline into prostitution. The Testament is more than…

Fritz Lang: Early life and German films: Mabuse (1933; The Testament of Dr. Mabuse), a crime thriller that was overtly the sequel to Dr. Mabuse: The Gambler; covertly, it was intended by Lang as an anti-Nazi statement that equated the state and German dictator Adolph Hitler with criminality. Joseph Goebbels, Hitler’s minister of propaganda,…

Randall Thompson: … for unaccompanied choir (1940) and The Testament of Freedom for men’s voices and orchestra (1942; to words by Thomas Jefferson), both of which achieved great popularity. Thompson’s other works include a one-act opera, Solomon and Balkis (1942), and an oratorio, The Nativity According to St. Luke (1965).

Colm Tóibín: Novels: Among Tóibín’s later novels are The Testament of Mary (2012), which reflects on the life and crucifixion of Jesus through the perspective of his mother and was short-listed for the Man Booker Prize and adapted for the stage, and Nora Webster (2014). House of Names (2017) centers on Clytemnestra of…

Luca Signorelli: …to Rome, where the “Testament of Moses” fresco in the Sistine Chapel is unanimously attributed to him. By that date his style had become fixed, his interest in dramatic action and the expression of great muscular effort marking him as an essentially Florentine naturalist. The S. Onofrio altarpiece (1484)…

Testamentum Domini, one of a series of writings (including the Apostolic Constitutions and the Apostolic Tradition of Hippolytus) that claim to set forth the fundamental rules of the early Christian Church. Originally written in Greek, probably in the 4th–5th century, it survives in a 7th-century

Le Testament, long poem by François Villon, written in 1461 and published in 1489. It consists of 2,023 octosyllabic lines arranged in 185 huitains (eight-line stanzas). These huitains are interspersed with a number of fixed-form poems, chiefly ballades and chansons, including the well-known

John Grisham: Other novels: …Jury (1996; film 2003), and The Testament (1999).

trust company: Testamentary trusts, which originate in wills, arise when a person stipulates that his estate is not to be distributed but is to be held in trust for a certain period of time.

Margaret Atwood: Novels: In 2019 The Testaments, a sequel to The Handmaid’s Tale, was published to critical acclaim and was a cowinner (with Bernardine Evaristo’s Girl, Woman, Other) of the Booker Prize.

Testamentum Domini, one of a series of writings (including the Apostolic Constitutions and the Apostolic Tradition of Hippolytus) that claim to set forth the fundamental rules of the early Christian Church. Originally written in Greek, probably in the 4th–5th century, it survives in a 7th-century

testacean, any member of the protozoan order Arcellinida (formerly Testacida) of the class Rhizopodea. Testaceans are usually encased in one-chambered tests, or shells, and usually found in fresh water, although sometimes they occur in salt water and in mossy soil. The test has an underlying

inheritance: Freedom of testation: The power of an owner of property to determine who is to have it upon his death is thought to stimulate economic activity: it is also considered desirable that a property owner be allowed to modify the rigid rules of the intestacy laws so…

Tampa Bay Buccaneers: … and quarterbacks Steve Young and Vinny Testaverde) who would play poorly (or not at all) in Tampa Bay only to go on to great success with other teams.

testcross, the mating of an organism whose genetic constitution is unknown with an organism whose entire genetic makeup for a trait is known, to determine which genes are carried by the former. In a breed of dog, for example, in which the gene for black coat colour is dominant over (suppresses the

testeggiata, in calligraphy, the headed ascenders or plumelike terminals to b, d, h, and l, in particular, which became an ornamental feature of the 16th-century italic bastarda script. At Venice in 1554, Vespasiano Amphiareo published models that combined an overdisciplined cancellaresca script

tester, canopy, usually of carved or cloth-draped wood, over a bed, tomb, pulpit, or throne. It dates from the 14th century and is usually made of the same material as the object it covers. It can be supported either by four posts, by two posts at the foot and a headpiece at the back, or by

Jon Tester is an American Democratic politician who represented Montana in the U.S. Senate (2007–25). In November 2024 Tester was defeated in his reelection bid by Republican challenger Tim Sheehy. Tester grew up near Big Sandy in north-central Montana. At age nine he lost three fingers in a

testis, in animals, the organ that produces sperm, the male reproductive cell, and androgens, the male hormones. In humans the testes occur as a pair of oval-shaped organs. They are contained within the scrotal sac, which is located directly behind the penis and in front of the anus. In humans each

testis, in animals, the organ that produces sperm, the male reproductive cell, and androgens, the male hormones. In humans the testes occur as a pair of oval-shaped organs. They are contained within the scrotal sac, which is located directly behind the penis and in front of the anus. In humans each

human cardiovascular system: The aorta and its principal branches: The testicular or ovarian arteries supply the testes in the male and the ovaries in the female, respectively.

testicular cancer, disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells within the testis, the reproductive organ that produces sperm. Testicular cancer represents only 1 percent of all cancers in males, but it is the most common malignancy for men between ages 15 and 35. In the United States,

teratoma: Epidemiology and pathology: Testicular teratomas, for example, may contain cells of the endoderm, mesoderm, or ectoderm. Dermoid cysts, which tend to affect the ovaries, typically contain hair, skin, and other ectoderm-derived cell types. Sacrococcygeal teratomas, which affect infants, develop under the coccyx (tailbone) in a region known as…

Latin American literature: The boom novels: …narrative trend: the so-called “testimonial narrative.” In these books, a writer interviews a person from a marginal social group and transcribes the result in the first person. Many such books were produced, but none attained the well-deserved acclaim of Barnet’s transcription of the centenarian former slave and Maroon Esteban…

Ellen Gould Harmon White: …revealed was published in her Testimonies for the Church, which eventually grew from 16 pages in its 1855 edition to fill nine volumes. Her views on health, especially her opposition to the use of coffee, tea, meat, and drugs, were incorporated into Seventh-day Adventist practice.

Miguel Barnet: …was to be known as testimonio, or testimonial narrative, in Latin America. In these works, a subject who has been interviewed on tape by the writer tells his life in the first person. The author transcribes and edits the material to give it final form. Subjects are usually marginalized members…