pre-Columbian civilizations: Civil war on the eve of the Spanish conquest: …corporation of Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui); Topa Huallpa (Thupa Wallpa); and Paullu Topa (Pawllu Thupa).

South Asian arts: Sinhalese literature: 10th century ad to 19th century: …of such chronicles is the Thūpavaṃsaya (“Chronicle of the Great Stupa”), by Pārakrama Paṇḍita. Subsequent chronicles, or genealogies of places, comprise the history of all of the major Buddhist monuments. Several chronicles were also inspired by the Tooth Relic, received from Kaliṅga in the 4th century by King Kīrtiśrīmēghavarṇa. Such…

James Thurber was an American writer and cartoonist, whose well-known and highly acclaimed writings and drawings picture the urban man as one who escapes into fantasy because he is befuddled and beset by a world that he neither created nor understands. Thurber attended the Ohio State University

James Thurber was an American writer and cartoonist, whose well-known and highly acclaimed writings and drawings picture the urban man as one who escapes into fantasy because he is befuddled and beset by a world that he neither created nor understands. Thurber attended the Ohio State University

Jeannette Meyer Thurber was an American music patron who devoted her efforts to creating a government-funded music conservatory in the United States. Jeannette Meyer was privately educated in New York and Paris. In 1869 she married Francis B. Thurber, a wholesale grocer and later a lawyer.

Gustave-Adolphe Thuret was a French botanist who gave the first accounts of fertilization in the brown algae. After receiving a law degree in 1838, Thuret began to study botany under Joseph Decaisne. He became interested in the history and behaviour of the marine algae and in about 1840 described

Thurgau, canton, northeastern Switzerland. It is bordered on the north by Lake Constance (Bodensee), by the Rhine River on the northwest, and by the cantons of Sankt Gallen on the south and Zürich and Schaffhausen on the west. With an area of 383 square miles (991 square km), it is divided into

Texas Southern University: …School of Business; and the Thurgood Marshall School of Law. The Robert James Terry Library houses the Heartman Collection of African American history as well as the archives of alumna Barbara C. Jordan, U.S. congresswoman in 1972–78. Research is conducted at the Center for Excellence in Urban Education, the Research…

Thurgau, canton, northeastern Switzerland. It is bordered on the north by Lake Constance (Bodensee), by the Rhine River on the northwest, and by the cantons of Sankt Gallen on the south and Zürich and Schaffhausen on the west. With an area of 383 square miles (991 square km), it is divided into

Thurii, ancient Greek city of southern Italy, near the mouth of the Crathis River, in the province of Cosenza. After Sybaris was destroyed by Croton (448 bce), its citizens founded a new Sybaris with Athenian aid; the Athenians subsequently expelled the Sybarites, repopulated the city with

thurible, vessel used in the Christian liturgy for the burning of aromatic incense strewn on lighted coals. Censers of terra-cotta or metal were widely used in Egypt, in the ancient Middle Eastern civilizations, including the Jewish, and in the classical world. Because they were destined chiefly

Thurii, ancient Greek city of southern Italy, near the mouth of the Crathis River, in the province of Cosenza. After Sybaris was destroyed by Croton (448 bce), its citizens founded a new Sybaris with Athenian aid; the Athenians subsequently expelled the Sybarites, repopulated the city with

Thuringia, historic region and Land (state) of east-central Germany. Thuringia is surrounded by the German states of Lower Saxony to the northwest, Saxony-Anhalt to the northeast, Saxony to the southeast, Bavaria to the south, and Hessen to the west. The capital is Erfurt. Area 6,244 square miles

Thuringian Basin, fertile agricultural region of Germany, between the Harz mountains on the north and the Thuringian Forest range on the south. It extends westward from the Saxon lowland. The basin’s eastward-flowing streams, tributaries of the Saale River, swell—and sometimes flood—with snowmelt

Thuringian Forest, range of forested hills and mountains in Germany, extending in an irregular line from the neighbourhood of Eisenach in west-central Thuringia southeastward to the Bavarian frontier, where it merges with the Franconian Forest. Its breadth varies from 6 to 22 miles (10 to 35 km).

Thuringia, historic region and Land (state) of east-central Germany. Thuringia is surrounded by the German states of Lower Saxony to the northwest, Saxony-Anhalt to the northeast, Saxony to the southeast, Bavaria to the south, and Hessen to the west. The capital is Erfurt. Area 6,244 square miles

Thuringia: History of Thuringia: The Germanic Thuringians appeared after about ad 350 and were conquered by the Huns in the second quarter of the 5th century, but by 500 they had established a large kingdom stretching from the Harz mountains to the Danube. As a result of the defeat of their…

Germany: Languages of Germany: …or Franconian, dialect and the Thuringian dialect helped to form the basis of modern standard German. The present-day influence of Thuringian is of greatest significance in Thuringia, Saxony, and Saxony-Anhalt states. East Franconian is spoken in northern Bavaria, South Franconian in northern Baden-Württemberg. The Rhenish Franconian dialect extends northwest from…

Thuringian Basin, fertile agricultural region of Germany, between the Harz mountains on the north and the Thuringian Forest range on the south. It extends westward from the Saxon lowland. The basin’s eastward-flowing streams, tributaries of the Saale River, swell—and sometimes flood—with snowmelt

Thuringian Forest, range of forested hills and mountains in Germany, extending in an irregular line from the neighbourhood of Eisenach in west-central Thuringia southeastward to the Bavarian frontier, where it merges with the Franconian Forest. Its breadth varies from 6 to 22 miles (10 to 35 km).

Thurii, ancient Greek city of southern Italy, near the mouth of the Crathis River, in the province of Cosenza. After Sybaris was destroyed by Croton (448 bce), its citizens founded a new Sybaris with Athenian aid; the Athenians subsequently expelled the Sybarites, repopulated the city with

Thurles, town, County Tipperary, Ireland, on the banks of the River Suir. The seat of the Roman Catholic archbishopric of Cashel and Emly, the town is a marketing centre for a large agricultural area; it has a sugar beet factory, and it is a well-known sporting centre. The Knights Templar held a

John Thurloe was an English secretary of state during Oliver Cromwell’s Protectorate. His voluminous correspondence provides one of the chief historical sources for the Cromwellian era. Thurloe entered politics as secretary to the Parliamentary leader Oliver St. John and in March 1652 was appointed

Edward Thurlow, 1st Baron Thurlow was the lord chancellor of England from June 1778 to April 1783 and from December 1783 to June 1792, who gained that office and continued to hold it under a variety of prime ministers by supporting the extreme conservatism of King George III. He was noted more for

United States presidential election of 1888: Tariff reform tensions: Allen G. Thurman filling the vice presidential slot on the ticket. (Thomas A. Hendricks, Cleveland’s first vice president, had died during the first year of his term, and the Constitution at the time did not allow for a replacement.) Later that month, the Republicans held…

Howard Thurman was an American Baptist preacher and theologian, the first African American dean of chapel at a traditionally white American university, and a founder of the first interracial interfaith congregation in the United States. Thurman was the grandson of former slaves who stressed

Howard Thurman was an American Baptist preacher and theologian, the first African American dean of chapel at a traditionally white American university, and a founder of the first interracial interfaith congregation in the United States. Thurman was the grandson of former slaves who stressed

Manny Pacquiao: …decision over the previously undefeated Keith Thurman to take the WBA super welterweight belt and become, at 40 years old, the oldest welterweight champion in boxing history. However, due to inactivity, in 2021 Pacquaio was stripped of the belt, which was then given to Yordenis Ugás of Cuba. Later that…

Known for her statuesque beauty and sophisticated demeanor, American actress Uma Thurman began appearing in films in the late 1980s before landing her breakout role as raven-haired trophy wife Mia Wallace in Quentin Tarantino’s neo-noir Pulp Fiction (1994). It was not long before Thurman began

Known for her statuesque beauty and sophisticated demeanor, American actress Uma Thurman began appearing in films in the late 1980s before landing her breakout role as raven-haired trophy wife Mia Wallace in Quentin Tarantino’s neo-noir Pulp Fiction (1994). It was not long before Thurman began

Wallace Henry Thurman was an African-American editor, critic, novelist, and playwright associated with the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. Thurman studied at the University of Utah and the University of Southern California, although he did not receive a degree. He moved to Harlem in 1925, and by

Strom Thurmond was an American politician who was a prominent states’ rights and segregation advocate. He unsuccessfully ran for the presidency in 1948 on the Dixiecrat ticket and was one of the longest-serving senators in U.S. history (1954–2003). Thurmond earlier was the governor of South

Nate Thurmond was an American basketball player who was one of the greatest centres in National Basketball Association (NBA) history. In the 1960s the NBA was ruled by big men. More specifically, it was two centres—the ultimate team player Bill Russell and the superhuman Wilt Chamberlain—whose

Nate Thurmond was an American basketball player who was one of the greatest centres in National Basketball Association (NBA) history. In the 1960s the NBA was ruled by big men. More specifically, it was two centres—the ultimate team player Bill Russell and the superhuman Wilt Chamberlain—whose

Tim Scott: …Tea Party factions, he defeated Paul Thurmond, son of the late Sen. Strom Thurmond, in the primary and easily won the general election. He assumed office in 2011. When James DeMint resigned from the U.S. Senate in 2013, South Carolina Gov. Nikki Haley appointed Scott to fill his seat. Scott…

Strom Thurmond was an American politician who was a prominent states’ rights and segregation advocate. He unsuccessfully ran for the presidency in 1948 on the Dixiecrat ticket and was one of the longest-serving senators in U.S. history (1954–2003). Thurmond earlier was the governor of South

Thurn and Taxis postal system, imperial and, after 1806, private postal system operated in western and central Europe by the noble house of Thurn and Taxis. At least two early ancestors of the family, then called Tassis, had operated courier services in the Italian city-states from about 1290, but

Karl Barth: Years in Germany: …friend and colleague, the theologian Eduard Thurneysen, Barth worked to redirect Protestant thought from the anthropocentrism of 19th-century liberal theology. The critical and explosive nature of Barth’s work came to be known as “dialectical theology” or “the theology of crisis”; it initiated a trend toward neoorthodoxy in Protestant theology.

Rudolf Thurneysen was a German linguist and Celtic scholar who was one of the first to use the principles of modern historical linguistics in the field of Celtic studies. He was also an excellent Latinist. Thurneysen taught at the universities of Jena (1885–87), Freiburg (1887–1913), and Bonn (1913

Poales: Sedge group: group are Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, and Thurniaceae. The flowers of these families are usually small, greenish, and bisexual, and they are crowded into dense terminal or lateral clusters. The members of this group are pollinated typically by the wind. The plants grow from a horizontal or upright rootstock that produces one…

Richard Thurnwald was a German anthropologist and sociologist known for his comparative studies of social institutions. Thurnwald’s views on social anthropology grew out of his intimate knowledge of various societies gained during field expeditions to the Solomon Islands and Micronesia (1906–09 and

Thurrock, seaport and unitary authority, geographic and historic county of Essex, England. It occupies the north bank of the Thames estuary, about 15 miles (24 km) east of central London. Grays is the administrative centre. The southern part of the area was largely reclaimed from the Thames marshes

Alan Garner: Thursbitch (2003) intertwines events taking place in the titular English valley in the 18th and 21st centuries. In Treacle Walker (2021), a boy meets a mysterious rag-and-bone man. The Stone Book Quartet—comprising The Stone Book (1976), Granny Reardun (1977), Tom Fobble’s Day (1977), and The…

Emma Cecilia Thursby was an American singer and educator who enjoyed a popular concert career in both Europe and the United States in the 1870s and ’80s. Thursby began singing in church at the age of five. Her musical training began at the Bethlehem (Pennsylvania) Female Seminary (now Moravian

Thursday, fifth day of the week

Thursday Island, island in the Torres Strait off northern Queensland, Australia. It is surrounded by Prince of Wales, Friday, Good’s, Hammond, Wednesday, and Horn islands, and it is the administrative centre for the area. The principal town is Port Kennedy, on the eastern shore. The mixed

Eartha Kitt: Her autobiographies are Thursday’s Child (1956), Alone with Me (1976), and I’m Still Here: Confessions of a Sex Kitten (1989).

Thurso, burgh (town) and Atlantic Ocean seaport, Highland council area, historic county of Caithness, Scotland, and the most northerly town on the mainland of Great Britain. It was the centre of Norse power on the mainland before the Scots defeated the Norsemen (Battle of Largs, 1263). It was made

Thurstan was the archbishop of York whose tenure was marked by disputes over precedence with the see of Canterbury and with the Scottish bishoprics. He was made archbishop by King Henry I, but had to wait for consecration by Pope Calixtus II, because he refused to profess obedience to Ralph,

Richard E. Byrd: Antarctic expeditions: Byrd’s discovery of Thurston Island greatly decreased the length of unexplored coast of the continent.

Kilauea: The Thurston Lava Tube, a 450-foot (135-metre) tunnel east of the caldera, was formed when a lava stream’s outer crust hardened while the molten lava continued its flow.

topology: Fundamental group: Thurston’s conjecture implies the Poincaré conjecture, and in recognition of his work toward proving these conjectures, the Russian mathematician Grigori Perelman was awarded a Fields Medal at the 2006 International Congress of Mathematicians.

Howard Thurston was an American magician who led the largest magic show in history. (Read Harry Houdini’s 1926 Britannica essay on magic.) Thurston was originally a card manipulator and toured the world (1904–07) with a full-evening show. He returned to the United States to become successor to

Lorrin A. Thurston was a leader of Hawaiians who opposed the monarchy and favoured U.S. annexation of the islands. Thurston was the son of American missionaries in Hawaii. He attended Oahu College and then studied law with the attorney general of Hawaii. In 1880 Thurston went to the U.S. mainland

Lorrin A. Thurston was a leader of Hawaiians who opposed the monarchy and favoured U.S. annexation of the islands. Thurston was the son of American missionaries in Hawaii. He attended Oahu College and then studied law with the attorney general of Hawaii. In 1880 Thurston went to the U.S. mainland

William Paul Thurston was an American mathematician who won the 1982 Fields Medal for his work in topology. Thurston was educated at New College, Sarasota, Florida (B.A., 1967), and the University of California, Berkeley (Ph.D., 1972). After a year at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton,

L. L. Thurstone was an American psychologist who was instrumental in the development of psychometrics, the science that measures mental functions, and who developed statistical techniques for multiple-factor analysis of performance on psychological tests. Thurstone was originally interested in

L. L. Thurstone was an American psychologist who was instrumental in the development of psychometrics, the science that measures mental functions, and who developed statistical techniques for multiple-factor analysis of performance on psychological tests. Thurstone was originally interested in

Thus Spake Zarathustra, treatise by Friedrich Nietzsche, written in four parts and published in German between 1883 and 1885 as Also sprach Zarathustra. The work is incomplete, according to Nietzsche’s original plan, but it is the first thorough statement of Nietzsche’s mature philosophy and the

Richard Strauss: Works of Richard Strauss: Also sprach Zarathustra (1896; Thus Spoke Zarathustra) is ostensibly a homage to the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche but is actually a concerto for orchestra in which the entities of man and nature are illustrated and contrasted by opposing tonalities.

Thus Spake Zarathustra, treatise by Friedrich Nietzsche, written in four parts and published in German between 1883 and 1885 as Also sprach Zarathustra. The work is incomplete, according to Nietzsche’s original plan, but it is the first thorough statement of Nietzsche’s mature philosophy and the

Tozeur, oasis in west-central Tunisia. It is located to the south of Tunisia’s steppe region in the jarīd (palm) country, which displays a colourful landscape marked by numerous chott (or shaṭṭ, salty lake) depressions and palm groves. The town is situated on the isthmus that separates the Chotts

Thutmose I was an 18th-dynasty king of ancient Egypt who expanded Egypt’s empire in Nubia (in present-day Sudan) and also penetrated deep into Syria. While Thutmose was the son of a nonroyal mother, he may have strengthened his claim to the throne by marrying Ahmose, perhaps a relative of his

Thutmose II was an 18th-dynasty king of ancient Egypt who reigned in the 2nd millennium BCE. He suppressed a revolt in Nubia, Egypt’s territory to the south, and also sent a punitive expedition to Palestine against some nomads. Thutmose was born to Thutmose I, his predecessor, by one of his

Thutmose III was a king (reigned c. 1479–25 bce) of the 18th dynasty, often regarded as the greatest of the rulers of ancient Egypt. Thutmose III was a skilled warrior who brought the Egyptian empire to the zenith of its power by conquering all of Syria, crossing the Euphrates (see Tigris-Euphrates

Thutmose IV was an 18th-dynasty king of ancient Egypt who reigned during the 2nd millennium BCE. He secured an alliance with the Mitanni empire of northern Syria and ushered in a period of peace at the peak of Egypt’s prosperity. Thutmose IV was the son of his predecessor’s chief queen. As prince,

Āl Bū Saʿīd dynasty: …two sons: Oman came under Thuwaynī’s rule (1856–66), while Zanzibar went to Mājid (reigned 1856–70). In Zanzibar the Āl Bū Saʿīd family remained in power even under the British protectorate (1890–1963) but were overthrown in 1964 when Zanzibar was incorporated into Tanzania.

ancient Iranian religion: Creation of the cosmos: …an ancient Indo-Iranian god called Thvarshtar (Vedic Tvashtar; “Artisan”), who also appears in Zarathustra’s system of the Beneficent Immortals under the name Spenta Mainyu (“the Beneficent Spirit”). Thvarshtar functions in many ways as Ahura Mazdā’s creative aspect. While in the Gāthās and the Younger Avesta Spenta Mainyu is paired with…

Thwaites Glacier, segment of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) that drains parts of Ellsworth Land in Antarctica into Pine Island Bay in the Amundsen Sea. The Thwaites Glacier has the world’s widest glacial interface with the ocean, extending roughly 75 miles (120 km), and the collapse of this

Francis Ford Coppola: Early years: …from Coppola’s fledgling Zoetrope Productions, THX 1138, directed by his friend George Lucas. Disappointed by the box-office results of Coppola’s film and unimpressed by the first cut of Lucas’s, the studio ended the partnership. In the meantime, Coppola won an Academy Award for his collaboration with Franklin Schaffner on the…

Vendsyssel-Thy, island at the north end of Jutland, Denmark, known as Vendsyssel in the east and Thy in the west. The Limfjorden separates it from the mainland, to which it was attached until 1825, when water erosion cut a channel through the narrow isthmus at Thyborøn. Several bridges, ferries,

Akhisar, town, western Turkey. It is located in a fertile plain on the Great Zab River (the ancient Lycus). The ancient town, originally called Pelopia, was probably founded by the Lydians. It was made a Macedonian colony about 290 bce and renamed Thyatira. It became part of the kingdom of Pergamum

Atreus: …was the elder brother of Thyestes and was the king of Mycenae. The story of his family—the House of Atreus—is virtually unrivaled in antiquity for complexity and corruption. There are several different accounts of Atreus’s feud with Thyestes.

thylacine, (Thylacinus cynocephalus), largest carnivorous marsupial of recent times, presumed extinct soon after the last captive individual died in 1936. A slender fox-faced animal that hunted at night for wallabies and birds, the thylacine was 100 to 130 cm (39 to 51 inches) long, including its

thylacine, (Thylacinus cynocephalus), largest carnivorous marsupial of recent times, presumed extinct soon after the last captive individual died in 1936. A slender fox-faced animal that hunted at night for wallabies and birds, the thylacine was 100 to 130 cm (39 to 51 inches) long, including its

Thylacosmilus, extinct genus of carnivorous marsupials found as fossils in deposits dated from about 10 million to 3 million years ago (late Miocene to late Pliocene Epoch) in South America. Thylacosmilus was sabre-toothed and was about as large as a modern jaguar (Panthera onca). To a remarkable

photosynthesis: Structural features: …hollow disks that are called thylakoids (“saclike”). The chloroplasts of most higher plants have regions, called grana, in which the thylakoids are very tightly stacked. When viewed by electron microscopy at an oblique angle, the grana appear as stacks of disks. When viewed in cross section, it is apparent that…

wallaby: Often called pademelons, the three species of scrub wallabies (Thylogale) of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and Tasmania are small and stocky, with short hind limbs and pointy noses. They are hunted for meat and fur. A similar species is the short-tailed scrub wallaby, or quokka (Setonix…

grayling, (Thymallus), any of several troutlike game fishes, family Salmonidae, found in cold, clear streams of Eurasia and northern North America. Graylings are handsome, silvery-purple fishes, which reach a length of about 40 cm (16 inches). They have rather large scales, large eyes, a small

thyme, (Thymus vulgaris), pungent herb of the mint family (Lamiaceae) known for the aroma and flavour of its dried leaves and flowering tops. Thyme is native to Eurasia and is cultivated throughout the world. It is used to flavour a wide range of foods, including poultry, stuffings, fish, eggs,

thyme: …of its essential oil is thymol, or thyme camphor, which is used in the manufacture of perfumes and dentifrices. Some thyme varieties are grown as ornamental ground covers.

Malvales: Neuradaceae, Thymelaeaceae, and Sphaerosepalaceae: Thymelaeaceae is a family of trees to perennial herbs or lianas, with 46–50 genera and 891 species. The family occurs worldwide, although rarely in really cold areas, and is especially common in tropical Africa and Australia. Members of Thymelaeaceae have fibrous bark, leaves that are…

thymine: …acids, thymine is part of thymidine, a corresponding nucleoside (a structural unit composed of a nitrogen compound and a sugar), in which it is chemically linked with the sugar deoxyribose. It is also part of thymidylic acid, a nucleotide (a larger structural unit composed of a nucleoside and phosphoric acid),…

acyclovir: …by a viral enzyme called thymidine kinase (TK), to which the drug has a high affinity (attraction). Phosphorylation by either HSV-TK or VZV-TK converts acyclovir into acyclovir triphosphate, which is then incorporated into viral DNA, thereby blocking further DNA synthesis. Because acyclovir is attracted to a specific type of viral…

thymine: It is also part of thymidylic acid, a nucleotide (a larger structural unit composed of a nucleoside and phosphoric acid), which is a phosphate ester of thymidine. The nucleotide, the nucleoside, or thymine itself may be prepared from DNA by selective techniques of hydrolysis.

thymine, organic compound of the pyrimidine family that is a constituent of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA, along with RNA (ribonucleic acid), regulates hereditary characteristics in all living cells. Like the other nitrogenous components of nucleic acids, thymine is part of thymidine, a

lymphatic system: Thymus: …thymus, developing T cells, called thymocytes, come to distinguish between the body’s own components, referred to as “self,” and those substances foreign to the body, called “nonself.” This occurs when the thymocytes undergo a process called positive selection, in which they are exposed to self molecules that belong to the…

thyme: …of its essential oil is thymol, or thyme camphor, which is used in the manufacture of perfumes and dentifrices. Some thyme varieties are grown as ornamental ground covers.

thymol turbidity, laboratory test for the nonspecific measurement of globulins, a group of blood proteins that appear in abnormally high concentration in association with a wide variety of diseased states, notably those affecting the liver. The test consists of adding 1 volume of blood serum to 60

hormone: Endocrine-like glands and secretions: …contain a protein component, called thymosin, that promotes the development of lymphocytes. Although thymosin is sometimes regarded as a possible thymus hormone, the evidence is not yet complete.

Lamiaceae: Major genera and species: …350 species in the genus Thymus, all of which are Eurasian. Wild thyme (T. praecox), with scented leaves, is a creeping plant that is native in Europe but naturalized in eastern North America. Its foliage and flower heads resemble those of garden thyme (T. vulgaris), the source of the kitchen…

thymus, pyramid-shaped lymphoid organ that, in humans, is immediately beneath the sternum (breastbone) at the level of the heart. The organ is called thymus because its shape resembles that of a thyme leaf. The primary function of the thymus is to facilitate the maturation of lymphocytes known as T

Lamiaceae: Major genera and species: Wild thyme (T. praecox), with scented leaves, is a creeping plant that is native in Europe but naturalized in eastern North America. Its foliage and flower heads resemble those of garden thyme (T. vulgaris), the source of the kitchen herb.

thyme, (Thymus vulgaris), pungent herb of the mint family (Lamiaceae) known for the aroma and flavour of its dried leaves and flowering tops. Thyme is native to Eurasia and is cultivated throughout the world. It is used to flavour a wide range of foods, including poultry, stuffings, fish, eggs,

T cell, type of white blood cell (leukocyte) that is an essential part of the immune system. T cells are one of two primary types of lymphocytes—B cells being the second type—that determine the specificity of immune response to antigens (foreign substances) in the body. T cells originate in the

T cell, type of white blood cell (leukocyte) that is an essential part of the immune system. T cells are one of two primary types of lymphocytes—B cells being the second type—that determine the specificity of immune response to antigens (foreign substances) in the body. T cells originate in the

B cell, one of the two types of lymphocytes (the other is the T cells). All lymphocytes begin their development in the bone marrow. B cells are involved in so-called humoral immunity. On encountering a foreign substance (antigen), the B cell differentiates into a plasma cell, which secretes

Western architecture: England: Sir John Thynne, steward to the Lord Protector Somerset, designed several notable examples. The finest of these was his own house, Longleat (1568–c. 1580), on which he had the assistance of the mason Robert Smythson, who was to be the leading architect of the late…

Thomas Thynne, 1st marquess of Bath was a politician who, as 3rd Viscount Weymouth, held important office in the British government during two critical periods in the reign of George III. Although he was an outstanding orator, his dissolute habits (gambling and heavy drinking), indolence, and

Thyolo, town, southern Malawi, in the Shire Highlands. The town is an administrative and trade centre and processes tea, the principal cash crop of the surrounding agricultural area. Tung and coffee are grown locally, and there is experimental, diversified contour farming at nearby Konsalendo. Pop.