Semele, in Greek mythology, a daughter of Cadmus and Harmonia, at Thebes, and mother of Dionysus (Bacchus) by Zeus. Semele’s liaison with Zeus enraged Zeus’s wife, Hera, who, disguised as an old nurse, coaxed Semele into asking Zeus to visit her in the same splendour in which he would appear before

thyratron, gas-filled discharge chamber that contains a cathode filament, an anode plate, and one or more grids. An inert gas or metal vapour fills the discharge chamber. The grid controls only the starting of a current and thus provides a trigger effect. The normal grid potential is negative with

burrower bug: Sometimes the subfamily Thyreocorinae is elevated to the family level (Thyreocoridae). Its members, slightly smaller than those of the burrower-bug subfamily Cydninae, at one time were commonly called negro bugs but are now called thyreocorids. They are found on vegetation, flowers, and fruits, especially raspberries. These are usually…

burrower bug: Thyreocoris pulicarius, a celery pest, is 3 mm long and has white stripes on each side of its body.

dinosaur: Thyreophora: The Thyreophora consist mainly of the well-known Stegosauria, the plated dinosaurs, and Ankylosauria, the armoured dinosaurs, as well as their more basal relatives, including Scutellosaurus and Scelidosaurus. Scutellosaurus was a small bipedal dinosaur, only about a metre (3.3 feet ) in length, known from…

bee fly: …African species of Villa and Thyridanthrax are parasitic on the covering of the pupa of tsetse flies. Villa (Hemipenthes) morio is parasitic on the beneficial ichneumonid, Banchus femoralis. Some bee mimics in the family Syrphidae are also known as bee flies.

window-winged moth, (family Thyrididae), any of a group of tropical moths (order Lepidoptera) that are generally dark-coloured and small to medium-sized, with a wingspan of 10 to 30 mm (0.4 to 1.2 inches). The middle area of each wing usually has a characteristic translucent yellow or whitish area

bagworm moth: Female evergreen bagworms (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) lay their eggs within their bags and then crawl out of the bags and fall to the ground, where they die. Bagworm larvae are often destructive to trees, especially evergreens.

thyristor, any of several types of transistors having four semiconducting layers and therefore three p-n junctions; the thyristor is a solid-state analogue of the thyratron vacuum tube, and its name derives from the combination of the two words thyratron and transistor. A common form of thyristor

Thorsteinn Erlingsson: His two major publications were Thyrnar (1897; “Thorns”) and Eidurinn (1913; “The Oath”). Thyrnar is a collection of poems ranging from love lyrics to political satire. Eidurinn is a moving poem sequence that interprets the 17th-century tragic love story of Ragnheidur, the defiant daughter of Bishop Brynjólfur Sveinsson of Skálholt,…

calcitonin, a protein hormone synthesized and secreted in humans and other mammals primarily by parafollicular cells (C cells) in the thyroid gland. In birds, fishes, and other nonmammalian vertebrates, calcitonin is secreted by cells of the glandular ultimobranchial bodies. The overall effect of

hormone: Biosynthesis: …component of a glycoprotein called thyroglobulin. Thyroglobulin is stored within the gland in follicles as the main component of a substance called the thyroid colloid. This arrangement, which provides a reserve of thyroid hormones, perhaps reflects the frequent scarcity of environmental iodine, particularly on land and in fresh water. Iodine…

hyoid bone: …floor of the mouth; the thyrohyoid, arising from the thyroid cartilage, the largest cartilage of the larynx; and the omohyoid, which originates from the upper margin of the shoulder blade and from the suprascapular ligament.

thyroid gland, endocrine gland that is located in the anterior part of the lower neck, below the larynx (voice box). The thyroid secretes hormones vital to metabolism and growth. Any enlargement of the thyroid, regardless of cause, is called a goitre. The thyroid arises from a downward outpouching

thyroid tumour, any of various benign tumours (adenomas) or malignant tumours (cancers) of the thyroid gland. Thyroid tumours are very common, and their frequency of occurrence increases with age. In the United States they are detected by physical examination in approximately 5 percent of the adult

larynx: …front set of plates, called thyroid cartilage, has a central ridge and elevation commonly known as the Adam’s apple. The plates tend to be replaced by bone cells beginning from about 20 years of age onward.

thyroid gland: Anatomy of the thyroid gland: …with a fluid known as colloid that contains the prohormone thyroglobulin. The follicular cells contain the enzymes needed to synthesize thyroglobulin, as well as the enzymes needed to release thyroid hormone from thyroglobulin. When thyroid hormones are needed, thyroglobulin is reabsorbed from the colloid in the follicular lumen into the…

hyperthyroidism: Symptoms of hyperthyroidism: …severe form of hyperthyroidism is thyroid storm. This acute condition is characterized by very rapid heart rate, fever, hypertension (high blood pressure), and certain gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms and may result in heart failure, hypotension (low blood pressure), shock, and death.

thyroid function test, any laboratory procedure that assesses the production of the two active thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), by the thyroid gland and the production of thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH), the hormone that regulates thyroid secretion, by the

thyroid gland, endocrine gland that is located in the anterior part of the lower neck, below the larynx (voice box). The thyroid secretes hormones vital to metabolism and growth. Any enlargement of the thyroid, regardless of cause, is called a goitre. The thyroid arises from a downward outpouching

hormone: Biosynthesis: The two thyroid hormones, thyroxine (3,5,3′,5′-tetraiodothyronine) and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine, are formed by the addition of iodine to an amino acid (tyrosine) component of a glycoprotein called thyroglobulin. Thyroglobulin is stored within the gland in follicles as the main

hyperthyroidism: Symptoms of hyperthyroidism: …severe form of hyperthyroidism is thyroid storm. This acute condition is characterized by very rapid heart rate, fever, hypertension (high blood pressure), and certain gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms and may result in heart failure, hypotension (low blood pressure), shock, and death.

thyroid tumour, any of various benign tumours (adenomas) or malignant tumours (cancers) of the thyroid gland. Thyroid tumours are very common, and their frequency of occurrence increases with age. In the United States they are detected by physical examination in approximately 5 percent of the adult

thyrotropin, substance produced by cells called thyrotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland. Thyrotropin binds to specific receptors on the surface of cells in the thyroid gland. This binding stimulates the breakdown of thyroglobulin (a large protein that is cleaved to form the thyroid hormones and

George Redmayne Murray: … on the effectiveness of sheep thyroid extract in treating myxedema in humans. Thyroid deficiency had been recognized as the cause of myxedema in the 1880s, and several researchers had established that an animal could survive the usually fatal effects of thyroidectomy if part of the excised thyroid gland was transplanted…

thyroiditis, any of many inflammatory diseases of the thyroid gland. Several nonspecific types of thyroiditis, both acute and chronic, may be caused by bacterial and viral organisms. There are, however, two specific, noninfectious types of thyroiditis: (1) Hashimoto’s disease (q.v.), or struma

disk-winged bat: Spix’s disk-winged bat (Thyroptera tricolor) lives in small, cohesive colonies that roost in rolled-up leaves. It is unique among bats for its “heads-up” roosting posture.

disk-winged bat, (family Thyropteridae), any of three species of bats inhabiting Central America and northern South America that are distinguished by round disks at the base of the thumb and on the sole of the foot. The disks act as suction cups and enable the bats to cling to smooth surfaces. One

hyperthyroidism, excess production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. Most patients with hyperthyroidism have an enlarged thyroid gland (goitre), but the characteristics of the enlargement vary. Examples of thyroid disorders that give rise to hyperthyroidism include diffuse goitre (Graves

thyrotropin, substance produced by cells called thyrotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland. Thyrotropin binds to specific receptors on the surface of cells in the thyroid gland. This binding stimulates the breakdown of thyroglobulin (a large protein that is cleaved to form the thyroid hormones and

thyrotropin-releasing hormone, simplest of the hypothalamic neurohormones, consisting of three amino acids in the sequence glutamic acid–histidine–proline. The structural simplicity of thyrotropin-releasing hormone is deceiving because this hormone actually has many functions. It stimulates the

thyrotropin-releasing hormone, simplest of the hypothalamic neurohormones, consisting of three amino acids in the sequence glutamic acid–histidine–proline. The structural simplicity of thyrotropin-releasing hormone is deceiving because this hormone actually has many functions. It stimulates the

thyroxine, one of the two major hormones secreted by the thyroid gland (the other is triiodothyronine). Thyroxine’s principal function is to stimulate the consumption of oxygen and thus the metabolism of all cells and tissues in the body. Thyroxine is formed by the molecular addition of iodine to

Thyrsis, elegiac poem by Matthew Arnold, first published in Macmillan’s Magazine in 1866. It was included in Arnold’s New Poems in 1867. It is considered one of Arnold’s finest poems. In Thyrsis Arnold mastered an intricate 10-line stanza form. The 24-stanza poem eulogizes his friend, poet Arthur

moray: …(5 feet), but one species, Thyrsoidea macrurus of the Pacific, is known to grow about 3.5 metres (11.5 feet) long. Morays are eaten in some areas of the world, but their flesh is sometimes toxic and can cause illness or death. One species of moray, Muraena helena, found in the…

fern: Annotated classification: Family Thyrsopteridaceae Stems erect and trunklike or sprawling, hairy and with a mantle of roots, often producing slender runners; leaves large (up to 3.5 metres [11.5 feet]), 3 to 5 times pinnately compound, the axes grooved on the upper surface, the fertile portions with reduced laminar…

thyrsus, in Greek religion, staff carried by Dionysus, the wine god, and his votaries (Bacchae, Maenads). In early Greek art the Bacchae were usually depicted as holding branches of vine or ivy, but after 530 bc the staff to which the name thyrsus properly applied began to be shown as a stalk of

Tirso River, river in central Sardinia, Italy, the chief stream of that island. It rises on a plateau near Buddusò and flows about 90 miles (150 km) southwest through Lake Omodeo and across the marshy plain of Oristano to enter the Gulf of Oristano. It is used for hydropower and

gastropod: Classification: …plus a Neotropical group (Thysanophoridae) and a relict group of Asia (Corillidae). Superfamily Oleacinacea Carnivorous (Oleaciniidae) and herbivorous (Sagdidae) snails of the Neotropical region. Superfamily Helicacea

thrips, (order Thysanoptera), any of approximately 5,000 species of insects that are among the smallest of the winged insects and are abundant in the tropical and temperate regions of the world. Thrips are economically important since some species transmit plant viruses. Feeding by thrips may

cephalopod: Locomotion: Some squids (Onychoteuthis, Thysanoteuthis) are able to “fly” for several hundred feet, driven into the air by powerful thrusts from their jets and gliding on their expanded fins and arm keels. This normally occurs when the squids are pursued by predatory fishes and dolphins. When the squid jets…

cephalopod: Ecology: …of the large oceanic squid Thysanoteuthis rhombis have been reported at Madeira. Although there is no proof that numbers constitute gregariousness, octopus colonies have been reported.

apterygote: …Archaeognatha, and Monura (formerly the thysanurans).

Thysdrus, ancient Roman city south of Hadrumetum (modern Sousse) in what is now Tunisia. Although it was originally a native community influenced by Carthaginian civilization, Thysdrus probably received Julius Caesar’s veterans as settlers in 45 bce. Thysdrus did not become a municipium (settlement

sacrifice: Ancient Greece: …of two types: rites (thysia) addressed to the Olympian deities, which included burning part of a victim and then participating in a joyful meal offered to the gods during the daytime primarily to serve and establish communion with the gods; and rites (sphagia) addressed to the infernal or chthonic…

Thyssen family: …he established the firm of Thyssen & Co. KG at Mülheim. Recognizing the vast natural resources of the Ruhr for iron and steel production, he literally transformed the region. By the outbreak of World War I he was employing 50,000 workers and producing one million tons of steel and iron…

Thyssen AG, former German corporation that, prior to its 1999 merger with Krupp AG, was the largest steel producer in Europe. It operated ironworks, steelmaking plants, and rolling mills; made building materials, automotive parts, and machinery; and engaged in trading and financial services. Its

Thyssen AG, former German corporation that, prior to its 1999 merger with Krupp AG, was the largest steel producer in Europe. It operated ironworks, steelmaking plants, and rolling mills; made building materials, automotive parts, and machinery; and engaged in trading and financial services. Its

Thyssen family, one of the world’s wealthiest families, its fortune based on a vast iron and steel empire established in the late 19th century. August Thyssen (b. May 17, 1842, Eschweiler, Westphalia [Germany]—d. April 4, 1926, Kettwig, Ger.), variously called “King” and “Rockefeller of the Ruhr,”

Thyssen AG: …in a new joint venture, Thyssen Krupp Stahl AG, that represented the third-largest steelmaker in the world. In 1999 Thyssen and Krupp combined all of their remaining businesses to create ThyssenKrupp AG, a metals and mining company with additional interests in areas such as the automotive industry, elevator design and…

Thyssen family: Amelia zur Helle Thyssen (b. 1878?—d. Aug. 25, 1965, Puchhof, Bavaria, W.Ger.) inherited the Thyssen steel and coal empire upon the death of her husband, Fritz, in 1951. During World War II she had voluntarily joined her husband at the Dachau concentration camp and later…

Thyssen family: August Thyssen (b. May 17, 1842, Eschweiler, Westphalia [Germany]—d. April 4, 1926, Kettwig, Ger.), variously called “King” and “Rockefeller of the Ruhr,” was a self-made millionaire. Born to a poor family in the Rhineland, Thyssen nonetheless managed to save 20,000 marks by his early 20s…

Fritz Thyssen was a German industrial magnate, head of the great Vereinigte Stahlwerke (United Steel Works) combine, and an early and lavish financial supporter of the National Socialist movement. The son of a German iron and steel pioneer, Thyssen succeeded to his father’s industrial empire in

ThyssenKrupp AG, leading German metals, engineering, and manufacturing company founded in 1999 through the merger of Krupp (Fried. Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp) and Thyssen (Thyssen Industrie AG). The two companies combined at a time of consolidation among many steel companies in Europe and the United

China: Confucianism and philosophical Daoism: …for a permanent substratum (called ti, “substance”) behind the world of change (called yong, “function”). It started from the assumption that all temporally and spatially limited phenomena—anything “nameable”; all movement, change, and diversity; in short, all “being”—is produced and sustained by one impersonal principle, which is unlimited, unnameable, unmoving, unchanging,…

Transparency International (TI), a nonpartisan, nonprofit nongovernmental organization (NGO) founded in Berlin in 1993 to expose corruption and reduce its harmful effects around the world, especially on the poor and underprivileged. TI consists of a global network of approximately 100 national

Egyptian art and architecture: Relief sculpture and painting: …the tombs of Ptahhotep and Ti at Ṣaqqārah.

ti, (genus Cordyline), genus of tropical trees and shrubs in the asparagus family (Asparagaceae), native to Asia, Australia, and some Pacific islands. Many are grown as ornamental plants. The underground stems of some species are used for food and the long leaves for roofing material and clothing.

di, in music, transverse (or side-blown) bamboo flute of the Han Chinese. Traditional di have a membrane of bamboo or reed tissue covering the hole that is located between the mouth hole and the six finger holes. This membrane creates a distinctive sound characteristic of much Chinese flute music.

Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI), American manufacturer of calculators, microprocessors, and digital signal processors with its headquarters in Dallas, Texas. The direct antecedent to the company was founded May 16, 1930, by John Clarence (“Doc”) Karcher and Eugene McDermott to provide

titanium (Ti), chemical element, a silvery gray metal of Group 4 (IVb) of the periodic table. Titanium is a lightweight, high-strength, low-corrosion structural metal and is used in alloy form for parts in high-speed aircraft. A compound of titanium and oxygen was discovered (1791) by the English

Italian literature: Other writings: …and Ti con zero [1968; t zero]). Paolo Volponi’s province is the human consequences of Italy’s rapid postwar industrialization (Memoriale [1962], La macchina mondiale [1965; The Worldwide Machine], and Corporale [1974]). Leonardo Sciascia’s sphere is his native Sicily, whose present

ti: Ti, or ti tree (Cordyline australis), is a common ornamental. In the wild it is a tree up to about 12 metres (40 feet) tall with a crown of long leaves, but it is much shorter when grown as a houseplant. It has green or white flowers…

Derek Walcott: …his identity and his heritage; Ti-Jean and His Brothers (1958), based on a West Indian folktale about brothers who seek to overpower the Devil; and Pantomime (1978), an exploration of colonial relationships through the Robinson Crusoe story. The Odyssey: A Stage Version appeared in 1993. Many of Walcott’s plays make…

Triratna, in Buddhism the Triratna comprises the Buddha, the dharma (doctrine, or teaching), and the sangha (the monastic order, or community). One becomes a Buddhist by saying the words “I go to the Buddha for refuge, I go to the Doctrine for refuge, I go to the Order for refuge.” In Jainism the

triśikṣā, in Buddhism, the three types of learning required of those who seek to attain enlightenment. The threefold training comprises all aspects of Buddhist practices. Arranged in a progressive order, the three are: (1) śīla (“moral conduct”), which makes one’s body and mind fit for

Dizang, in Chinese Buddhism, bodhisattva (buddha-to-be) who is especially committed to delivering the dead from the torments of hell. His name is a translation of the Sanskrit Kshitigarbha (“Womb of the Earth”). Dizang seeks to deliver the souls of the dead from the punishments inflicted by the 10

di, in music, transverse (or side-blown) bamboo flute of the Han Chinese. Traditional di have a membrane of bamboo or reed tissue covering the hole that is located between the mouth hole and the six finger holes. This membrane creates a distinctive sound characteristic of much Chinese flute music.

mobile telephone: Development of cellular systems: …by a committee of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) in 1988, employed digital modulation and digital voice compression in conjunction with a time-division multiple access (TDMA) method; this also permitted three new voice channels in place of one AMPS channel. Finally, in 1994 there surfaced a third approach, developed originally…

nervous system disease: Occlusive strokes: …divided into four groups: (1) Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are the mildest occlusive strokes; symptoms last for minutes or hours. TIAs are usually caused by small emboli, such as fragments composed of blood cells or cholesterol, that are swept into the circulation of the brain from the arteries of the…

Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, comic novel by Mario Vargas Llosa, published as La tía Julia y el escribidor in 1977. Vargas Llosa uses counterpoint, paradox, and satire to explore the creative process of writing and its relation to the daily lives of writers. One half of the story is an

fasciolopsiasis: …effective include levamisole, mebendazole,  and thiabendazole. In India and Thailand and in China and other parts of East Asia, infection in humans is usually contracted following ingestion of uncooked aquatic plants containing cysts of the worm larvae. A simple but effective preventive measure is the immersion of aquatic foods in…

Tiwanaku, major pre-Columbian civilization known from ruins of the same name that are situated near the southern shore of Lake Titicaca in Bolivia. The main Tiwanaku site was added to UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2000. Some scholars date the earliest remains found at the site to the early part

Tiamat, in ancient Mesopotamian mythology, the primordial goddess who was the personification of the salt sea and the mother of the gods. She also was associated with the chaos of creation. Tiamat and Apsu (also spelled Abzu), the personification of the fresh water beneath the earth, are the source

tian, in indigenous Chinese religion, the supreme power reigning over lesser gods and human beings. The term tian may refer to a deity, to impersonal nature, or to both. As a god, tian is sometimes perceived to be an impersonal power in contrast to Shangdi (“Supreme Ruler”), but the two are closely

Tian Han was a Chinese playwright and poet known for his expressive and powerful one-act plays. Tian wrote librettos for traditional Chinese opera when he was a teenager. He studied for several years in Japan, where he developed a lasting interest in modern drama. Under the influence of the May

Yalu River: The Yalu rises in Tian Lake (known in Korean as Ch’ŏn Lake), a body of water of indeterminate depth on top of Mount Baitou (Mount Paektu), on the Chinese–North Korean border, at an elevation of about 9,000 feet (2,700 meters) above sea level. Winding southward as far as Hyesan,…

Wendi: …a female servant, one called Tian Long (Heavenly Deaf One), the other Di Ya (Earthly Mute). The names suggest that Wendi must turn a deaf ear to those who inquire about the secrets of literature, for such a topic necessarily leaves one speechless.

Tien Shan, great mountain system of Central Asia. Its name is Chinese for “Celestial Mountains.” Stretching about 1,500 miles (2,500 km) from west-southwest to east-northeast, it mainly straddles the border between China and Kyrgyzstan and bisects the ancient territory of Turkistan. It is about 300

Tian Han was a Chinese playwright and poet known for his expressive and powerful one-act plays. Tian wrote librettos for traditional Chinese opera when he was a teenager. He studied for several years in Japan, where he developed a lasting interest in modern drama. Under the influence of the May

Zhu Shijie: …the northern Chinese technique of tian yuan (“method of the celestial unknown”), a kind of algebraic computation performed with counting rods to solve problems. This method, also contained in books written by Li Ye (1192–1279), was developed primarily to calculate the dimensions of simple geometric figures, given their volume or…

Beijing: City layout: …on either side of the Tiananmen (Tian’anmen; “Gate of Heavenly Peace”), the southern, and main, entrance to the Imperial City that stands at the northern end of Tiananmen Square. Within the Imperial City, in turn, was the moated Forbidden City, with walls 2.25 miles (3.6 km) long. The Forbidden City…

Tiananmen Square, open square in the centre of Beijing, China, one of the largest public squares in the world. Tiananmen Square was originally designed and built in 1651. It was enlarged to four times its original size and cemented over in 1958. It covers an area of 100 acres (40.5 hectares), and

Tiananmen Square, open square in the centre of Beijing, China, one of the largest public squares in the world. Tiananmen Square was originally designed and built in 1651. It was enlarged to four times its original size and cemented over in 1958. It covers an area of 100 acres (40.5 hectares), and

Tiananmen Square incident, series of protests and demonstrations in China in the spring of 1989 that culminated on the night of June 3–4 with a government crackdown on the demonstrators in Tiananmen Square in Beijing. Although the demonstrations and their subsequent repression occurred in cities

Tiananmen Square incident, series of protests and demonstrations in China in the spring of 1989 that culminated on the night of June 3–4 with a government crackdown on the demonstrators in Tiananmen Square in Beijing. Although the demonstrations and their subsequent repression occurred in cities

Abahai was a Manchurian tribal leader who in 1636 became emperor of the Manchu, Mongols, and Chinese in Manchuria (Northeast China). In addition, for his family he adopted the name of Qing (“Pure”), which also became the name of the Chinese dynasty (1644–1911/12) ruled by the Manchu. Abahai was the

Tiangong, any of a series of three Chinese space stations, the first of which was launched on September 29, 2011. The first two Tiangongs were each an 8,500-kg (18,700-pound) cylinder that was 3.4 metres (11.2 feet) in diameter. They had two sections: a forward pressurized module that contained the

Shenzhou: …2013, carried three astronauts to Tiangong 1 for a two-week mission. The next Chinese space station, Tiangong 2, was visited only by Shenzhou 11 in late 2016. Two astronauts spent more than 32 days in orbit.

Shenzhou: The next Chinese space station, Tiangong 2, was visited only by Shenzhou 11 in late 2016. Two astronauts spent more than 32 days in orbit.

China: Literature and scholarship: …organization, and war tactics; and Tiangong kaiwu (1637; “Creations of Heaven and Human Labor”), on industrial technology. Ming scholars also produced numerous valuable geographical treatises and historical studies. Among the creative milestones of Ming scholarship, which pointed the way for the development of modern critical scholarship in early Qing times,…

Sanguan: …Chinese Daoism, the Three Officials: Tianguan, official of heaven who bestows happiness; Diguan, official of earth who grants remission of sins; and Shuiguan, official of water who averts misfortune. The Chinese theatre did much to popularize Tianguan by introducing a skit before each play called “The Official of Heaven Brings…

Guangzhou: Other districts: Tianhe district, east of the Dongshan area, was created in 1985 from parts of the former eastern suburbs, and it is now considered to be one of the core districts of the central municipality. Its mixed urban and suburban landscapes now include business and shopping…

Tianqi was the reign name (niaohao) of the 16th and penultimate emperor (reigned 1620–27) of the Ming dynasty, under whose rule the infamous eunuch Wei Zhongxian (1568–1627) dominated the government while the dynasty disintegrated. Ascending the throne at the age of 15, the Tianqi emperor preferred

Huainan, prefecture-level industrial city, north-central Anhui sheng (province), China. Until the 20th century Huainan was a minor town called Tianjia’an, under the jurisdiction of Shouxian, some 18 miles (30 km) to the west. Its development began with the discovery of coal deposits in the locality

Tianjin, city and province-level shi (municipality), northern China. It is located to the east of Hebei province, at the northeastern extremity of the North China Plain. After Shanghai and Beijing, it is the third largest municipality of China. It is also the most important manufacturing centre and

bridge: Tianjin Grand Bridge: The Tianjin Grand Bridge extends 113.7 km (70.6 miles) between Langfang and Qingxian and serves as a railway viaduct for the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway. The bridge opened in 2011 and is the third longest bridge in the world.

China: Industrialization for self-strengthening: …(Jiangnan) Arsenal in Shanghai, the Tianjin Machine Factory, and the Fuzhou Navy Yard; there were many other smaller ones. However, the output was disappointing—the shipyard at Fuzhou, for example, built 15 vessels during the half decade after 1869 as scheduled, but thereafter it declined and was destroyed in 1884 during…

Tianjin Massacre, (June 21, 1870), in Tianjin (Tientsin), China, violent outbreak of Chinese xenophobic sentiment that nearly precipitated international warfare and signaled the end of the “cooperative policy” between China and the Western treaty powers. Before the incident, rumours circulated in

China: The anti-foreign movement and the second Opium War (Arrow War): During June four Tianjin treaties were concluded that provided for, among other measures, the residence of foreign diplomats in Beijing and the freedom of Christian missionaries to evangelize their faith.