Plants, LOG-MON

Life on Earth owes much to plants. The vast majority of plants carry out photosynthesis to transform light energy into chemical energy, which is the way that virtually all energy in the biosphere becomes available to living things (including us humans). Plants occupy the base of Earth's food webs and are consumed directly or indirectly by all higher life-forms, thereby functioning as the major source of food for humans and other animals. Plants' photosynthetic activity also produces the air that we breathe: almost all the oxygen in the atmosphere is due to the process of photosynthesis. Still not convinced about the merits of plants? Consider the fact that many plants not only serve up crucial nutrients and breathable air but also look good doing it. Many plants are admired for their striking aesthetic qualities, and flowers such as tulips, lilies, sunflowers, and daisies beautify fields, gardens, windowsills, and bouquets the world over. Plants are also a primary source of consumer goods, such as building materials, textile fibers, and pharmaceuticals.
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Plants Encyclopedia Articles By Title

loganberry
loganberry, (Rubus loganobaccus), species of bramble of the rose family (Rosaceae) that originated in Santa Cruz,......
Loganiaceae
Loganiaceae, family of flowering plants in the order Gentianales, containing 13 genera with more than 400 species......
logwood
logwood, (Haematoxylum campechianum), tree of the pea family (Fabaceae), native to Central America and the West......
Lomariopsidaceae
Lomariopsidaceae, family of ferns (order Polypodiales), containing 4 genera and 69 species. Members of Lomariopsidaceae......
longan
longan, (Dimocarpus longan), tropical fruit tree of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), native to Asia and introduced......
loofah
loofah, (genus Luffa), genus of seven species of annual climbing vines of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), native......
loosestrife
loosestrife, any of the ornamental plants of the family Lythraceae, especially the genera Lythrum and Decodon,......
loquat
loquat, (Eriobotrya japonica), subtropical tree of the rose family (Rosaceae) grown for its evergreen foliage and......
Loranthaceae
Loranthaceae, one of the mistletoe families of the sandalwood order (Santalales), having approximately 77 genera......
lotus
lotus, any of several different plants. The lotus of the Greeks was the species Ziziphus lotus of the buckthorn......
Loudon, John Claudius
John Claudius Loudon was a Scottish landscape gardener and architect. Loudon was the most influential horticultural......
Loudonia
Loudonia, genus of perennial plants belonging to the water milfoil family (Haloragaceae), found in dry areas of......
lousewort
lousewort, herbaceous plant of the genus Pedicularis (family Orobanchaceae), which contains about 800 species found......
lovage
lovage, (Levisticum officinale), perennial herb of the parsley family (Apiaceae) native to southern Europe. It......
love grass
love grass, (genus Eragrostis), genus of about 350 species of tufted annual and perennial grasses in the family......
love-in-a-mist
love-in-a-mist, (Nigella damascena), an annual herbaceous plant of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). Native......
lower vascular plant
lower vascular plant, any of the spore-bearing vascular plants, including the ferns, club mosses, spike mosses,......
Loxsomataceae
Loxsomataceae, small family of primitive ferns (order Cyatheales) comprising two monotypic genera. Loxsoma cunninghamii......
luminous moss
luminous moss, (Schistostega pennata; formerly S. osmundacea), light-reflecting plant of the subclass Bryidae,......
lungwort
lungwort, any plant of the genus Pulmonaria of the family Boraginaceae, especially P. officinalis, an herbaceous,......
lupine
lupine, (genus Lupinus), genus of about 200 species of herbaceous and partly woody plants in the pea family (Fabaceae).......
Lycaste
Lycaste, genus of about 30 species of tropical American orchids (family Orchidaceae). Lycaste species are perennial......
lychee
lychee, (Litchi chinensis), evergreen tree of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), grown for its edible fruit. Lychee......
lycophyte
lycophyte, (class Lycopodiopsida), class of spore-bearing vascular plants comprising more than 1,200 extant species.......
Lyonia
Lyonia, genus of about 35 species of shrubs, of the heath family (Ericaceae), notable for its attractive white......
maca
maca, (Lepidium meyenii), herbaceous plant of the mustard family (Brassicaceae), cultivated for its edible rootlike......
macadamia
macadamia, (genus Macadamia), genus of four species of evergreen trees belonging to the family Proteaceae known......
Macrozamia
Macrozamia, genus of about 40 species of palmlike cycads in the family Zamiaceae, native to Australia and grown......
madder
madder, (genus Rubia), genus of about 80 species of perennial plants in the madder family (Rubiaceae), several......
magnolia
magnolia, (genus Magnolia), genus of about 225 species of trees and shrubs of the family Magnoliaceae native to......
Magnoliaceae
Magnoliaceae, magnolia family of the order Magnoliales that contains at least two genera and nearly 250 species,......
Magnoliales
Magnoliales, the magnolia order of flowering plants, consisting of 6 families, 154 genera, and about 3,000 species.......
magnoliid clade
magnoliid clade, taxonomic group of woody or herbaceous flowering plants. The magnoliid clade is a phylogenetic......
maguey
maguey, any of several plants in the Agave genus (family Asparagaceae), especially A. americana, and the fibre......
major types of pollinators
Pollination is essential to the perpetuation of the vast majority of the world’s wild plants—and thus the perpetuation......
mallee
mallee, scrubland plant community found in southern Australia, composed primarily of woody shrubs and small trees......
mallow
mallow, any of several flowering plants in the hibiscus, or mallow, family (Malvaceae), especially those of the......
Malvaceae
Malvaceae, the hibiscus, or mallow, family (order Malvales) containing some 243 genera and at least 4,225 species......
Malvales
Malvales, medium-sized order, known as the Hibiscus or mallow order, mostly of woody plants, consisting of 10 families,......
mamey apple
mamey apple, (Mammea americana), large tree and its edible fruit (family Calophyllaceae), native to the West Indies......
Mammillaria
Mammillaria, large genus of some 200 species of low-growing cacti (family Cactaceae) native to the Western Hemisphere......
man orchid
man orchid, either of two related species of orchids (family Orchidaceae), named for the humanlike shape of their......
manchineel
manchineel, (Hippomane mancinella), tree of the spurge family famous for its poisonous properties. The manchineel......
mandacaru
mandacaru, (Cereus jamacaru), species of treelike cactus (family Cactaceae) native to arid and semiarid regions......
mandrake
mandrake, (genus Mandragora), genus of six species of hallucinogenic plants in the nightshade family (Solanaceae)......
mango
mango, (Mangifera indica), member of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae) and one of the most important and widely......
mangosteen
mangosteen, (Garcinia mangostana), handsome tropical tree (family Clusiaceae) native to Southeast Asia and cultivated......
mangrove
mangrove, any of certain shrubs and trees that belong primarily to the families Rhizophoraceae, Acanthaceae, Lythraceae,......
manzanita
manzanita, any of about 50 species of evergreen shrubs and trees of the genus Arctostaphylos, of the heath family......
maple
maple, (Acer), any of a large genus (about 200 species) of shrubs or trees in the family Sapindaceae, widely distributed......
Marantaceae
Marantaceae, the prayer plant or arrowroot family (order Zingiberales), composed of about 31 genera and about 550......
Marattiaceae
Marattiaceae, the giant fern family (order Marattiales), comprising six genera and some 150 modern species found......
Marchantia
Marchantia, genus of liverworts (creeping ribbonlike plants) in the order Marchantiales, commonly found on moist......
mare’s-tail
mare’s-tail, the aquatic plant Hippuris vulgaris or either of two other species of its genus, in the plantain family......
marguerite
marguerite, (Argyranthemum frutescens), ornamental plant of the aster family (Asteraceae), grown for its daisylike......
marigold
marigold, (genus Tagetes), genus of about 50 species of annual herbs of the aster family (Asteraceae), native to......
mariposa lily
mariposa lily, (genus Calochortus), genus of about 40 species of tuliplike perennial plants of the lily family......
marjoram
marjoram, (Origanum majorana), perennial plant of the mint family (Lamiaceae), grown as a culinary herb. Its fresh......
marsh mallow
marsh mallow, (Althaea officinalis), perennial herbaceous plant of the hibiscus, or mallow, family (Malvaceae),......
marsh marigold
marsh marigold, (Caltha palustris), perennial herbaceous plant of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) native to......
Marsileaceae
Marsileaceae, only family of the fern order Marsileales, comprising three genera and about 70 species of small......
Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von
Karl Friedrich Philipp von Martius was a German botanist best known for his work on Brazilian flora. Martius studied......
Marín, Francisco de Paula
Francisco de Paula Marín was a horticultural experimenter who introduced numerous plant species to the Hawaiian......
Masdevallia
Masdevallia, genus of more than 500 species of tropical American orchids (family Orchidaceae). Some species are......
Matoniaceae
Matoniaceae, family of ferns dating from the Mesozoic Era (roughly 251 million to 65.5 million years ago) and distinguished......
Mauritius hemp
Mauritius hemp, (Furcraea foetida), plant of the asparagus family (Asparagaceae) and its fibre, belonging to the......
Maxillaria
Maxillaria, large genus of tropical American orchids (family Orchidaceae). The genus traditionally has included......
mayapple
mayapple, (Podophyllum peltatum), perennial herbaceous plant of the family Berberidaceae (order Ranunculales) native......
mayflower
mayflower, either of two spring-blooming wildflowers native to eastern North America or one of several plants that......
meadow rue
meadow rue, (genus Thalictrum), genus of approximately 330 species of perennial herbaceous plants in the buttercup......
Meconopsis
Meconopsis, genus of about 45 species of herbaceous plants of the poppy family (Papaveraceae), mostly native to......
Mediterranean vegetation
Mediterranean vegetation, biome of any dense scrubland composed of broad-leaved evergreen shrubs, bushes, and small......
medlar
medlar, (genus Mespilus), either of two species of the genus Mespilus of the rose family (Rosaceae). The common......
Meliaceae
Meliaceae, the mahogany family of flowering plants (order Sapindales), comprising 51 genera and about 575 species......
melon
melon, (Cucumis melo), trailing vine in the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), grown for its often musky-scented edible......
melon cactus
melon cactus, (genus Melocactus), any of about 30 species of cacti (family Cactaceae) native to the West Indies,......
Mendel, Gregor
Gregor Mendel was a botanist, teacher, and Augustinian prelate, the first person to lay the mathematical foundation......
Menyanthaceae
Menyanthaceae, flowering plant family of the order Asterales, consisting of five genera and about 40 species of......
mercury
mercury, (genus Mercurialis), genus of eight species of flowering plants of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae).......
Merry and Bright: 8 Jolly Christmas Plants
Deck the halls, trim the tree, and sneak a kiss under the mistletoe! A surprising number of plants are involved......
Mertensia
Mertensia, genus of about 50 temperate North American and Eurasian species of plants in the family Boraginaceae,......
mesquite
mesquite, (genus Prosopis), genus of spiny deep-rooted shrubs or small trees in the pea family (Fabaceae). They......
Metaxyaceae
Metaxyaceae, small family of ferns in the division Pteridophyta (the lower vascular plants). The single genus,......
Mexia, Ynes Enriquetta Julietta
Ynes Enriquetta Julietta Mexia was an American botanical collector and explorer whose discoveries helped to clarify......
Mexican jumping bean
Mexican jumping bean, the seed of certain Mexican shrubs, especially those of the genus Sebastiania, of the spurge......
Mexican tulip poppy
Mexican tulip poppy, (Hunnemannia fumariifolia), perennial plant of the poppy family (Papaveraceae) native to southwestern......
Michaux, André
André Michaux was a French botanist who spent 12 years studying the plants of North America. From 1779 to 1781......
Microcycas
Microcycas, genus consisting of a single species of palmlike cycad in the family Zamiaceae, native to Cuba. The......
mignonette
mignonette, (genus Reseda), genus of about 40 species of fragrant-flowered herbs and shrubs in the family Resedaceae.......
milkweed
milkweed, (genus Asclepias), genus of about 140 species of herbaceous perennial flowering plants belonging to the......
millet
millet, any of several species of cereal grasses in the family Poaceae, cultivated for their small edible seeds.......
mimosa
mimosa, (genus Mimosa), large genus of plants in the pea family (Fabaceae), native to tropical and subtropical......
mint
mint, (genus Mentha), genus of 25 species of fragrant herbs of the mint family (Lamiaceae). Native to Eurasia,......
miracle fruit
miracle fruit, (Synsepalum dulcificum), evergreen shrub of the family Sapotaceae, grown for its mild fruits that......
Mirbel, Charles-François Brisseau de
Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel was a French botanist whose book Traité d’anatomie et de physiologie végétale,......
mistletoe
mistletoe, any of many species of parasitic plants of the families Loranthaceae, Misodendraceae, and Santalaceae,......
mock privet
mock privet, any shrub or small tree of the genus Phillyrea in the olive family, Oleaceae. The four species of......
Monarda
Monarda, genus of 12 North American plants variously known as bergamot, horsemint, and bee balm, belonging to the......
monkey flower
monkey flower, any of about 150 species of herbaceous or, rarely, shrubby plants of the lopseed family (Phrymaceae),......

Plants Encyclopedia Articles By Title