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Caliphate
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Abbasid caliphate in the 9th century
Influences of the Islamic golden age on Western development
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Abbasid caliphate in the 9th century
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Battle of Nahāvand

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This map shows the territorial expansion of the Ottoman Empire from 1300 to its greatest extent in 1683-99, highlighting different periods under rulers such as Mehmed II, Selim I, and Süleyman the Magnificent, and marking key cities, seas, and geographical boundaries in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.
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historical empire, Eurasia and Africa
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United Arab Emirates
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Key People

ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān
Muslim caliph
Medina, Saudi Arabia: Prophet's Mosque
Muhammad
prophet of Islam
ʿAlī: Arabic calligraphy
ʿAlī
Muslim caliph
Muʿāwiyah I
Umayyad caliph
al-Maʾmūn
ʿAbbāsid caliph
ʿAbd al-Malik: Dome of the Rock
ʿAbd al-Malik
Umayyad caliph
Hārūn al-Rashīd
ʿAbbāsid caliph
Barmakids
ʿAbbāsid viziers
ʿAbd al-Muʾmin
Almohad caliph
al-Manṣūr
ʿAbbāsid caliph
Great Mosque of Damascus
Umayyad dynasty
Islamic history
ʿĀʾishah
wife of Muḥammad
Abū Bakr
Muslim caliph
ʿUmar I
Muslim caliph
Ibn al-Ashʿath
Arab general
Qutaybah ibn Muslim
Arab general
ʿUmar II
Umayyad caliph
Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Malik
Umayyad caliph
Mosque of ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ
ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ
Arab general
Homs: mosque of Khālid ibn al-Walīd
Khālid ibn al-Walīd
Arab Muslim general