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Plato (left) and Aristotle, detail from School of Athens, fresco by Raphael, 1508-11; in the Stanza della Segnatura, the Vatican. Plato points to the heavens and the realm of Forms, Aristotle to the earth and the realm of things.
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Aristotle (384-322 BC), Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist. One of the most influential philosophers in the history of Western thought, Aristotle established the foundations for the modern scientific method of enquiry. Statue
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Aristotle statue located at Stageira of Greece
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detail from School of Athens by Raphael
Gottlob Frege
Rudolf Carnap
Hilary Putnam
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Key People

Socrates
Socrates
Greek philosopher
Aristotle
Aristotle
Greek philosopher
John Locke
John Locke
English philosopher
Peter Abelard, with Héloïse, miniature portrait by Jean de Meun, 14th century; in the Musee Conde, Chantilly, France.
Peter Abelard
French theologian and poet
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, woodcut, 1537.
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius
Roman scholar, philosopher, and statesman
William of Champeaux
French philosopher