PEOPLE KNOWN FOR: terrorism
Hamas leader
Yahya Sinwar was the de facto leader of Hamas from 2017 to 2024 and the de jure leader as head of its political bureau from August 2024 to October 2024. Sinwar was an early architect of Hamas’s armed wing...
Libyan statesman
Muammar al-Qaddafi was the de facto leader of Libya (1969–2011). Qaddafi had ruled for more than four decades when he was ousted by a revolt in August 2011. After evading capture for several weeks, he...
leader of al-Qaeda terrorist organization
Osama bin Laden was the founder of the militant Islamist organization al-Qaeda and mastermind of numerous terrorist attacks against the United States and other Western powers, including the 2000 suicide...
American radical cleric
Anwar al-Awlaki was an American Islamic preacher and al-Qaeda terrorist killed by a controversial U.S. drone attack. One of the United States’ most-wanted terrorists, Awlaki was directly linked to multiple...
Venezuelan terrorist
Carlos the Jackal is a Venezuelan militant who orchestrated some of the highest-profile terrorist attacks of the 1970s and ’80s. Ramírez was born into an upper-class Venezuelan family; his father operated...
Ugandan rebel
Joseph Kony is a Ugandan rebel who led the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a militia that terrorized northern Uganda and neighbouring countries in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Kony was reared...
Kuwaiti-born terrorist
Ramzi Ahmed Yousef is a Kuwaiti-born militant who masterminded the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. He was part of some of the most ambitious terrorist conspiracies discovered to date, including a thwarted...
Chechen separatist and guerrilla leader
Doku Umarov was a Chechen separatist and guerrilla leader who declared himself emir of the so-called Islamic Caucasus Emirate, which comprised areas within the southwestern Russian republics of Dagestan,...
American criminal
George Metesky was an American terrorist known for having planted at least 33 bombs throughout New York City during the 1940s and ’50s. The 16-year hunt for the Mad Bomber was solved by using one of the...
Kurdish terrorist leader
Abdullah Öcalan is the leader of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), a militant Kurdish nationalist organization, who became widely known as the strongest advocate for Kurdish sovereignty. As the PKK’s...
Peruvian revolutionary
Abimael Guzmán was the founder and leader of the Peruvian revolutionary organization Shining Path (in Spanish, Sendero Luminoso). According to Peru’s 2003 Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 54 percent...
Egyptian militant
Ayman al-Zawahiri was an Egyptian physician and militant who became one of the major ideologues of al-Qaeda. Zawahiri led al-Qaeda from 2011 until his death in 2022. Zawahiri was raised in Maʿādī, Egypt,...
terrorist
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Islamist militant who, as an operational planner for al-Qaeda, masterminded some of that organization’s highest-profile terrorist operations, most notably the September 11 attacks...
American terrorist
Terry Nichols is an American militant who in 1995, with Timothy McVeigh, was found guilty of the Oklahoma City bombing at the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building on April 19, 1995. The incident caused the...
terrorist
Richard Reid is a British Islamist militant who gained notoriety as the so-called Shoe Bomber in 2001 after he attempted—by igniting explosives hidden in the soles of his high-top basketball shoes—to blow...
American terrorist
Timothy McVeigh was an American domestic terrorist who carried out the Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995. The explosion, which killed 168 people, was the deadliest terrorist incident on U.S. soil,...
American criminal
Ted Kaczynski was an American criminal who conducted a 17-year bombing campaign that killed 3 and wounded 23 in an attempt to bring about “a revolution against the industrial system.” Kaczynski was a bright...
Lebanese terrorist
Imad Mughniyeh was a Lebanese militant who served as a senior official in the Lebanese militia group Hezbollah. He was believed to have orchestrated a campaign of suicide bombings, hijackings, and kidnappings...
Pakastani Islamist militant
Hafiz Muhammad Saeed is the cofounder of several Islamic organizations in Pakistan that followed the Ahl-e-Hadith school of thought, a Muslim reform movement rooted in the works of Shāh Wālī Allāh and...
Libyan national
Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed al-Megrahi was a Libyan national who was the only person to be convicted in the 1988 Pan Am flight 103 bombing (also known as the Lockerbie bombing), in which 270 people died. Megrahi...
Egyptian-born cleric
Omar Abdel Rahman was an Egyptian-born cleric who served as the spiritual leader of al-Jamāʿah al-Islāmiyyah (Arabic: “the Islamic Group”), one of Egypt’s largest and most active militant organizations...
Libyan al-Qaeda strategist
Abū Yaḥyā al-Lībī was a Libyan al-Qaeda strategist who emerged as one of the organization’s top leaders in the early 21st century. Al-Lībī was considered one of al-Qaeda’s main theologians, because the...
president of Haiti
François Duvalier was the president of Haiti whose 14-year regime was of unprecedented duration in that country. Duvalier graduated in 1934 from the University of Haiti School of Medicine, where he served...
Palestinian leader
Abū Niḍāl was a militant leader of the Fatah Revolutionary Council, more commonly known as the Abū Niḍāl Organization (ANO), or Abū Niḍāl Group, a Palestinian organization that engaged in numerous acts...
prime minister of Israel
Yitzḥak Shamir was a Polish-born Zionist leader and prime minister of Israel in 1983–84 and 1986–90 (in alliance with Shimon Peres of the Labour Party) and in 1990–92. Shamir joined the Beitar Zionist...
al-Qaeda terrorist
Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah was an Egyptian militant Islamist and al-Qaeda strategist who was indicted by the United States for his role in the August 7, 1998, bombings of U.S. embassies in Tanzania and Kenya....
Egyptian terrorist
Mohammed Atta was an Egyptian militant Islamist and al-Qaeda operative who helped plot and lead the September 11 attacks. He led the team of hijackers who took control of American Airlines flight 11 and...
Japanese religious leader
Asahara Shoko was the founder of AUM Shinrikyo (“Supreme Truth”; renamed Aleph in 2000), a millenarian new religious movement in Japan. Asahara was born partially blind and was sent to a school for the...
Slavic nationalist
Gavrilo Princip was a South Slav nationalist who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his consort, Sophie, Duchess von Hohenberg (née Chotek), at Sarajevo, Bosnia,...
Russian revolutionary
Boris Viktorovich Savinkov was a revolutionary who violently opposed both the imperial and the Soviet regimes in Russia. He wrote several pseudonymous novels based on his career as a terrorist. Savinkov...
Filipino political leader
Luis Taruc was a Philippine leader (1942–54) of the communist Huk (Hukbalahap) movement. The son of poor peasants, Taruc studied at the University of Manila for two years (1932–34) and then became involved...
al-Qaeda terrorist
Saif al-Adel is an Egyptian militant Islamist who served as a high-ranking member of al-Qaeda and head of Osama bin Laden’s personal security force. He was indicted by the U.S. for his alleged participation...
Russian revolutionary
Sergey Gennadiyevich Nechayev was a Russian revolutionary known for his organizational scheme for a professional revolutionary party and for his ruthless murder of one of the members of his organization....
Palestinian political leader
George Ḥabash was a militant Palestinian and leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). Ḥabash was forced to flee Palestine in 1948, after the State of Israel was established there,...
Uruguayan rebel
Raúl Sendic was the Uruguayan rebel leader and the founder of the leftist Tupamaro National Liberation Front (1963). Sendic’s guerrilla movement waged a relentless battle against the Uruguayan police and...
Russian revolutionary
Vera Nikolayevna Figner was a leader in the Russian Revolutionary Populist (Narodnik) movement. Abandoning her marriage and medical studies for a life devoted to the revolutionary movement, Figner worked...
Croatian fascist leader and revolutionist
Ante Pavelić was a Croatian fascist leader and revolutionist who headed a Croatian state subservient to Germany and Italy during World War II. As a practicing lawyer in Zagreb, Pavelić entered the nationalist...
Irish political activist
David O’Connell was an Irish political activist and a cofounder of the Provisional (“Provo”) wing of the Irish Republican Army (IRA). O’Connell, who later became a teacher, joined the IRA at the age of...
Lebanese religious leader
ʿAbbās al-Mūsawī was a Lebanese Shīʿite Muslim cleric and secretary-general (1991–92) of the militant Hezbollah (“Party of God”) movement. Mūsawī studied at a Shīʿite madrasah (religious college) in Al-Najaf,...
Russian revolutionary
Andrey Ivanovich Zhelyabov was a Russian revolutionary and a leading Narodnik. Born to a family of serfs shortly before emancipation, Zhelyabov entered the law school at Novorossiysk University in Odessa...
Israeli journalist and political figure
Nathan Yalin-Mor was an Israeli journalist and political figure best known as a leader of the Stern Gang, a Zionist terrorist organization. Yalin-Mor was one of the three leaders who succeeded Abraham...
prime minister of Pakistan
Yousaf Raza Gilani is a Pakistani politician who was the prime minister of Pakistan (2008–12). Gilani was born into a prominent family of landowners from the Punjab province, many of whom were involved...
- abolitionism
- activism
- advertising
- air force
- anarchism
- army
- banking
- business
- church and state
- civil rights
- civil war
- colonialism
- communism
- coup d'etat
- crime
- criminology
- diplomacy
- economics
- espionage
- fascism
- first lady
- government
- history
- human rights
- independence
- inquisition
- intelligence
- journalism
- labour movement
- law
- marketing
- Marxism
- modeling
- nationalism
- navy
- Nobel Prize (all)
- Nobel Prize - Economics
- Nobel Prize - Peace
- oratory
- organized labour
- pacifism
- philanthropy
- piloting
- pioneer
- political science
- president
- prime minister
- publishing
- reform
- social movement
- social service
- socialism
- sociology
- temperance movement
- terrorism
- women's movement